• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2018

This study was executed to evaluate the phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging rate, and the cytotoxic effect in human cancer cell, 3T3-L1 cell from C. lanceolata extracts at various ethanol concentration. Total polyphenol and flavonoid content of the C. lanceolata at various ethanol concentration showed the high amount in 70%, 100% ethanol extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activity progressively increased in a dose-dependent manner, and showed the highest in 100% ethanol extract. The cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell of the C. lanceolata was higher in 50% and 70% ethanol extracts. In particular, the cytotoxic effect in MCF-7 cell was relatively higher than in other cells. The $IC_{50}$ (concentration causing 50% cell death) value showed the highest on MCF-7 cell ($538.39{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in 70% ethanol extract, and exhibited significant activity against Hela cell ($637.87{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, Calu-6 cell ($728.64{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The extract of 70% ethanol at $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ exhibited a pronounced cytotoxic effect on 3T3-L1 cell comparable to that of the other extracts, and reduced in a concentration-dependent manner.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of medicinal plants used by diabetic patients. Fourteen medicinal plants were selected and antioxidant activity such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, inhibition effect of linoleic acid autoxidation and low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value were measured. The Cornus officinalis had DPPH radical scavenging activity of 84.79%, which was higher than the 78.79% for $\alpha$-tocopherol. Rosa rugosa Thunberg, Pueraria thundergiana Bentham, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis and Sasamorpha purpurascens Nakai also had high values. Extracts with higher DPPH radical scavenging activities had higher total phenol concentrations, and positive correlations between these parameters were found. Inhibitory activities of linoleic acid autoxidation, LDL oxidation and TBA value, used as indices of oxidative stress, were observed in most of the selected medicinal plants. The highest inhibitory activity for TBA value was observed in the extract of Pueraria thundergiana Bentham. Rosa rugosa Thunberg (75.50 %), Sasamorpha purpurascens Nakai (74.00 %), and Cornus officinalis (73.00 %) all had high antioxidant activity against linoleic acid autoxidation, similar to that of $\alpha$-tocopherol. The same 3 plants also had high in inhibitory activity against LDL oxidation. Therefore, we demonstrated that medicinal plants used as folk remedy by diabetic patients had antioxidant activity. Especially, Rosa rugosa Thunberg, Cornus officinalis, Pueraria thundergiana Bentham, Arlemisia princeps var. orientalis, and Sasamorpha purpurascens Nakai had high phenol concentrations which resulted in high values for DPPH radical scavenging. These same plants exhibited high values for inhibitory activities for TBA value, linoleic acid autoxidation and LDL oxidation, indices associated with lipid peroxidation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.184-188
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• 2011

The melatonin, total polyphenol contents, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were determined in alfalfa, chicory, rape, red kale and sunflower after germination for four days at $24{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. Compared with seeds, melatonin content was increased in all sprouts, at the highest level in red kale (2,502.9 pg/g, 5.6 times higher than seed) followed by rape (2,430.1 pg/g), chicory (2,037.7 pg/g), alfalfa (1,160.8 pg/g) and sunflower (768.2 pg/g) sprout, however, the addition of tryptophan (0.5 mM), the precursor of melatonin synthesis, did not show any desirable effect. Both polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were substantially increased in chicory (8.7 mg/g, 66%), rape (10.7 mg/g, 51%) and red kale (11.0 mg/g, 53%) sprouts, but not in alfalfa and sunflower sprouts. Melatonin content per gram polyphenol (ng/g) was also increased in all sprouts through germination. Germination was effective in increasing melatonin in all seeds tested, while its effect on polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity was species dependent.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.22.1-22.7
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• 2019

The functional peptides from protein hydrolysates of various fishery sources have been identified such as antioxidant activity. The main intention of this study was purification and characterization of antioxidative peptide from black eelpout muscle. The antioxidative peptides were purified from black eelpout (Lycodes diapterus) muscle using different proteases. Antioxidant activity of black eelpout hydrolysates was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging activity. Among six hydrolysates, the pepsin hydrolysate had the highest antioxidant activity compared to the other hydrolysates. Therefore, it was further purified and a peptide with seven amino acid residues of DLVKVEA (784 Da) was identified by amino acid sequence analysis. The EC₅₀ value for scavenging DPPH radicals by purified peptide was 688.77 μM. Additionally, the purified peptide exhibited protective effect against DNA damage induces by oxidation in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells). The results of this study suggest that black eelpout muscle protein hydrolysate could potentially contribute to development of bioactive peptides in basic research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1419-1425
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• 2004

This study was performed to examine in vitro antioxidative activities such as DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and tyrosinase inhibitory effect of various solvent fractions from Chionanthus retusa leaves. Ethyl acetate fraction showed potent antioxidative activity and tyrosinase inhibitory effect. The active compound was isolated from the butanol fraction by silica gel column chromatography and MPLC. The isolated compound was luteolin-4'-O-glucoside determined by $^1H$, $^{13}C$-NMR and 2D NMR. Compared with several antioxidant compounds, luteolin-4'-O-glucoside exhibited effective DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power in a concentration dependent manner. Bioassay with pure luteolin-4'-O-glucoside showed a dose-independent inhibitory effect on L-DOPA oxidation by mushroom tyrosinase and its $IC_{50}$ values were established as 23.2 ${\mu}g/mL$. Therefore, we may suggest that luteolin-4'-O-glucoside can be used as a food additive possessing the potent antioxidative activity and skin-whitening cosmetic material.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.704-711
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• 2016

Tomatoes are considered as one of the main components of daily meals in most households. Thus, it is important to invest in studies enhancing their yield and nutritional value. The study evaluated the effect of wood vinegar (WV) on tomato under greenhouse conditions. Data on fruit number, fruit weight, and plant height were recorded. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of tomato were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, respectively. FRR-CF+500x-WV significantly increased the fruit number (86.11%) and fruit weight (81.78%) over the control. Results were comparable to HRR-CF+250x-WV, indicating that conventional fertilizer and WV may have synergistic effect on each other. TPC and scavenging effect on DPPH radical was improved by 250x-WV application. The increase in the phenolic compounds can be attributed to WV as a direct source or as a factor triggering the plants to produce more secondary metabolites with the purpose of increasing natural defenses. The significant effect obtained by applying the full recommended rate of conventional fertilizer on the carotenoid content was due to the availability of the major nutrients needed by the plant. Correlation analysis showed that carotenoids have negative correlation with TPC and DPPH. However, TPC and DPPH showed that these are positively correlated with each other. Tomatoes are excellent source of antioxidants associated with the reduction of some human diseases and improved health. The results provided evidence that WV alone and/or its combination with conventional fertilizers has favorable effects on the quality of tomato.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2016

As a part of an ongoing search for natural plants with antioxidant compounds by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), a total extract of the aerial parts of Bidens frondosa L. (Compositae) was found to show potent antioxidant activity. Subsequent activity-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract led to the isolation of five compounds, quercetin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (1), luteolin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (2), 7,8,3',4'-tertrahydroxy-flavanone (3), okanin-4-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4), and okanin (5). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic studies. Compounds 3-5 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Among them, compounds 3 and 5 showed the significant radical scavenging effects on DPPH, and compounds 3 and 5 also showed the potent riboflavin and xanthine originated superoxide quenching activities.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2011

In the course of screening for antioxidant compounds by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), a total extract from the whole plant of Veronica peregrina (Scrophulariaceae) was found to show potent antioxidant activity. Subsequent activity-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract led to the isolation of six phenolic compounds including chrysoeriol (1), diosmetin (2), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (3), apigenin (4), caffeic acid methylester (5) and protocatechuic acid (6). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1-5 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compounds 5 and 6 showed significant antioxidative effects in DPPH free radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activity assays.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.2585-2591
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• 2012

A series of heterocyclic chalcone derivatives bearing heterocycles such as thiophene or furan ring as an isostere of benzene ring were carefully prepared, and the influence of heterocycles on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities was systematically investigated. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) analysis showed that the activities of thiophene ring-containing chalcones were higher than those of furan ring-containing chalcones, and the presence of methyl substituent of heterocyclic ring distinctly affected the activities compared with non-substituted heterocycles in an opposite manner, with the 4'-methyl group of thiophene ring increasing activity and the 3'-methyl group of the furan ring decreasing activity. The distinct isosteric effect of heterocycles (i.e., thiophene or furan ring) on radical scavenging activities of heterocyclic chalones was distinctly demonstrated in our work.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1998

It has been known that diseases related with aging or cancer result, at least in part, from free radicals, and antioxidants may reduce or prevent the abnormalities associated with free radical formation via its scavenging action. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of nut species for the purpose of developing antioxidant from natural products. Antioxidant activities of four kinds of nuts such as chestnut, groundnut, walnut and acorn were examined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The extracts from chestnut hull and acorn barnyard millet showed strong antioxidative activities among 10 samples tested. Because of their highest antioxidative activity among 10 samples, radical scavenging effects of 4 different extract compartments (Hexane, EtOAc, BuOH and $H_2O$ extracts) from chestnut hull and acorn barnyard millet, were further examined by DPPH method. EtOAc and BuOH extracts exhibited antioxidative activities similar to those of natural, tocopherol or synthetic antioxidants, BHA. These findings demonstrates that major fraction of the antioxidative activity of chestnut hull or acorn barnyard millet was the EtOAc and BuOH extract compartments. However, antimicrobial activities against food-related bacteria and yeasts was relatively weak.