• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.587-597
• /
• 2018

The quality characteristics of pudding products comprising of Korean Olbyossal (traditional steamed rice), added at different percentages, were examined to explore the application of Olbyossal to develop different types of processed food products. Five groups of pudding were produced containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of Olbyossal. Evaluation of their quality characteristics and antioxidant activities revealed that the control group (with no added Olbyossal) had the highest moisture content and pH (p<0.001). The sugar content and turbidity was highest in the 100% Olbyossal group and lowest in the control group (p<0.001). The salinity was lowest in the 100% Olbyossal group (p<0.001). In terms of color values, the L-value (p<0.001) and a-value were highest in the control group, while the b-value was highest in the 100% group (p<0.001). Texture properties revealed that hardness (p<0.001), springiness (p<0.01), and chewiness (p<0.001) decreased as the percentage of Olbyossal increased. Increase in adhesiveness was noted with an increase in the percentage of Olbyossal (p<0.01). Based on the sensory evaluation of Olbyossal pudding in terms of appearance (p<0.05), flavor (p<0.05), taste (p<0.01), texture (p<0.001), and overall quality (p<0.001), the 100% group showed the best results. Examination of Olbyossal pudding revealed that antioxidant activities, radical scavenging activities for DPPH and superoxide anion, and reducing power increased as the percentage of Olbyossal increased (p<0.001). Therefore, pudding containing 100% Olbyossal is considered as the ideal product with reference to the high level of preference and product quality.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.485-494
• /
• 2018

This study was designed to evaluate the quality characteristics and antioxidant properties of Longanae Arillus powder (added in the ratios of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), which is traditionally used to render the product more suited to the modern consumer's taste for the compound Longanae Arillus Dasiks. As the consumer consumption of the proportions of Longanae Arillus increases, the moisture content and pH of the Dasik supplemented with Longanae Arillus decrease, while at the same time, a soluble solid content increases (p<0.001). The color value showed the decrease in L and b values with the increase in Longanae Arillus content, and the increase in the value of the compound with the addition of Longanae Arillus (p<0.001) can be noted. The mechanical texture of Dasik was increased by the addition of Longanae Arillus considering its hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness (p<0.001). In the sensory evaluation of the Longanae Arillus Dasik showed that people expressed an overall preference at the addition of Longanae Arillus, such as noted as being preferred with 50% in color, flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptance of the compound (p<0.001). Regarding the antioxidant activity of Longanae Arillus Dasik, the total phenolic, flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and superoxide anion levels were found to increase with the addition of Longanae Arillus (p<0.001) with its consumer use. It is believed that Longanae Arillus Dasik, is most preferred to be added at the concentration of 50% during the Dasik preparation.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.338-345
• /
• 2016

This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract from the flowers of Weigela subsessilis (WS-E) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content was 719.19±0.04 μg tannic acid equivalents/ml and 644.87±0.02 μg quercetin equivalents/ml, respectively. The antioxidant activities of WS-E were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. The antioxidant activities of WS-E increased markedly, in a dose-dependent manner. To screen for anti-inflammatory agents, the inhibitory effects of WS-E on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was examined. WS-E had no effect on cell viability at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. Nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)-6 production were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). WS-E had no effect on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α at a concentration of 0.16–20 μg/ml but induced TNF-α at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was also inhibited at lower concentrations (p<0.05). In addition, WS-E reduced the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB by inhibition of inhibitoy (I) κB phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 macrophages upon stimulation with LPS (100 ng/ml) for 24 h but not that of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). These results suggest that WS-E may be a useful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in functional cosmetics.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.23 no.7
• /
• pp.869-878
• /
• 2013

Eleven functional plant materials were identified via a literature search, and their antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells were tested. Yields from hot water extracts of the materials were the highest (52.10%) in Lycii fructus, and the yields from Phellinus linteus were the lowest (5.7%). The yields of another were 14.50-42.47%. Total phenol and flavonoids contents were the highest in P. linteus. The $EC_{50}$ values for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were lower than $100{\mu}g/ml$ for Salvia miltiorrhiza, whereas the values for P. linteus, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Paeonia lactiflora were $100-200{\mu}g/ml$. The $EC_{50}$ value for the superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of all the extracts was higher than $300{\mu}g/ml$. P. linteus for the reducing power was shown the highest activity. $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity was the highest in the Morus alba extract. In an MTT assay, the cell viability of the RAW264.7 LPS-exposed cells was above 80% in extracts of $50{\mu}g/ml$ and above 77% in extracts of $100{\mu}g/ml$ in all the plant materials except Acanthopanax sessiliflorum. NO production in the RAW264.7 LPS-exposed cells showed a 12-fold increase compared to the control. The NO production level of all the extracts was $6.86-26.18{\mu}M$. Notably, $100{\mu}g/ml$ of S. baicalensis extract showed a remarkable decrease in NO production (72%) compared with the control. The potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of S.baicalensis, P. linteus, S. miltiorrhiza, M. alba, and P. lactiflora suggest that they are potential candidates as functional materials.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.648-654
• /
• 2014

Grape pruning stems constitute a scarcely investigated class of byproducts with limited reports on their bioactive polyphenol content and/or industrial applications. Herein we present the outcome of our investigation on grape pruning stems extracts, concerning the assessment of their total polyphenolic content and the detailed evaluation of their antioxidant properties. Results obtained indicate that grape pruning stems are particularly rich in flavonoids and trans-resveratrol. The antioxidant activities was analyzed and expressed as electron donating ability, ABTS cation radical decolorization, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, the antioxidant activity of Vitis labrusca L. pruning stems extracted (GPSE) was higher than that of BHA and L-ascrobic acid. The whitening and anti-wrinkle activities display an capability. Results herein grape pruning stems used as a valuable resource for the extraction of resveratrol, which would be added to functional cosmetics and food materials.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.145-154
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of natural antioxidants as stabilizers for meat by-products to prevent lipid oxidation. The white internal organs were evaluated using different treatments: no antioxidant (control), ascorbic acid (T1), Artemisiacapillaris Thunb. (T2), Opuntia (T3), Schisandra chinensis (T4), and Saururuschinensis (Lour.) Baill (T5). Antioxidant activities were analyzed by measuring DPPH contents, superoxide anion radical levels, nitrate scavenging activities, and total polyphenol contents. T1 and T2 showed higher antioxidant activities and total polyphenol contents (p<0.05). Additionally, changes in physicochemical properties (pH, color, volatile basic nitrogen [VBN], and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) and microbiological aspects in white internal organs processed with antioxidants were investigated. As storage time increased, the CIE $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of the white internal organs processed with natural antioxidants were decreased (p<0.05), and CIE $L^*$ values were low, particularly for the T3 sample relative to that in the control. Moreover, the pH, VBN, and TBARS values of samples T2-T5 were increased after 7 days of storage, but showed low values compared with those of the control (p<0.05). Moreover, compared with the control group, the treatments showed antimicrobial effects. Our results indicated that these natural antioxidants could be used as lipid oxidation stabilizers of meat by-products during storage and that Artemisiacapillaris Thunb. and Opuntia may have applications as natural antioxidants in the meat by-product industry.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 2010

C3GHi, a novel black rice variety developed by conventional breeding has more high contents of cyanidine-3-glucoside (C3G) and a more strong antioxidant than normal black rice. In this study, we investigate the antioxidative potential and anti-diabetic activity of C3GHi and extract of it for the purpose of development of functional materials or replacement meal for diabetic patients. Using in vitro antioxidative activity assay system such as DPPH radical quenching assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and DNA breakage assay, C3GHi extract was observed to have more high antioxidative activity than normal black rice breed. The glycemic index of a freeze dried powder of C3GHi brown rice showed $43.7\pm18.8$, which belonged to low GI food (GI of 55 or less). Using in vivo diabetic model such as db/db mice model and streptozotocininduced diabetic model, C3GHi rice extract decrease blood glucose level and inhibit oxidative stress in blood. From the results, we think that the C3GHi varieties have a potential for the functional materials or ingredient of meal replacement for diabetic patients.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.583-591
• /
• 2013

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease associated with a cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to an allergen. Although the incidence of AD is increasing these days, therapeutics has yet to be developed for its treatment. The aim of this study was conducted in order to compare and investigate the characteristic between the Castanea crenata inner shell extract (CS) and the Castanea crenata inner shell extract fermented by Lactobacillus bifermentans (FCS) for an anti-atopic medication. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were similar to CS and FCS. In the DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging, the CS and FCS had the potential for antioxidant activities. Both of them did not exhibit cytotoxicity to HS68 cells. The evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity in Raw264.7 cells demonstrated that the FCS has inhibited the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide as compared to the CS. The anti-atopic dermatitis test was done through the induction of DNCB in AD hairless mice. The FCS has inhibited the development of the atopic dermatitis-like skin lesion by transdermal water loss, melanin and erythema of the skin as compared to the CS. Moreover, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ production in hairless mice were inhibited by the FCS treatment. It indicates that the fermentation of the Castanea crenata inner shell has the potential for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.327-333
• /
• 2009

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of Malus micromalus were studied in vitro. Ethanol extract of M. micromalus showed scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) radicals. In addition, ethanol extract of M. micromalus inhibited the generation of superoxide anion ($O_2^-$) radical and uric acid by xanthine oxidase. We also investigated the effect of ethanol extract of M. micromalus on NO production in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Ethanol extract of M. micromalus significantly inhibited NO production and this inhibitory action was not due to the cytotoxicity. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was markedly down-regulated by ethanol extract of M. micromalus. These results indicate that the inhibitory action of ethanol extract of M. micromalus on NO production in LPS-stimulated macropages might be due in part to abrogation of iNOS and COX-2 protein induction. Taken together, this study suggests that ethanol extract of M. micromalus could contribute to the chemoprevention and therapy of oxidative stress and inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.335-342
• /
• 2017

Spiraea prunifolia Sieb. et Zucc. var. simpliciflora Nakai (SSN) has been used for the anti-inflammation in traditional folk medicine. To compare water and methanol extracts of SSN, we analyzed major components using LC IT TOF MS. The major components of hot water extract were identified as caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid, but methanol extract was not well established. However, methanol extract was detected with less polarity compounds compared to hot water extract. Next, we investigated the inhibitory effects of SSN water extract on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response or $H_2O_2-induced$ oxidative stress in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. SSN strongly suppressed the production of nitric oxide in LPS-induced inflammatory response without cytotoxcity. The SSN possessed free radical scavenging activities such as DPPH ($IC_{50}=320.2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), ABTS ($IC_{50}=124.0{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), and superoxide anion radical ($IC_{50}=122.6{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). The total phenol and flavonoid content of SSN was 56.7 mg/g, and 15.1 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, SSN decreased the $H_2O_2-induced$ cytotoxicity by enhancing the cell viability, and SSN significantly reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Therefore, SSN may be recommended as an effective strategy to prevent and/or treat various inflammation and ROS-induced diseases.