• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 2013

Constituents of the essential oil (EO)s and hydrosol of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The identified major constituents were ${\alpha}$-pinene (40.96%), camphor (34.44%), verbenone (45.31%), and camphor (67.04%) in rosemary EO, lavender EO, rosemary hydrosol, and lavender hydrosol, respectively. The antioxidant activity of EO and hydrosol extracted from rosemary and lavender were evaluated. Both EO showed di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) iminoazanium (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) free radical scavenging activities as well as $Fe^{2+}$ ion chelating activity but no alkyl radical scavenging activity. Rosemary EO showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than lavender, whereas lavender EO showed higher $Fe^{2+}$ ion chelating activity. Both rosemary and lavender hydrosols showed alkyl radical scavenging activity, but only lavender hydrosol showed an activity on $Fe^{2+}$ chelating assay. Both rosemary and lavender hydrosols also protected the dermal fibroblast and the HaCaT keratinocytes against $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.325-334
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to compare the content and metabolic activities between fresh pine needle juice (PNJ) and fermented pine needle juice (FPNJ). A variety of factors were measured, including total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity [DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant capacity (CAC)], anti-genotoxic activity, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The TPC was $17.3{\pm}0.2$ and $4.6{\pm}0.0$ mg GAE/g in PNJ and FPNJ, respectively. The DPPH RSA, TRAP, and ORAC values increased in a dose-dependent manner for both PNJ and FPNJ, with significantly higher activities in PNJ than FPNJ. The CAC against AAPH-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells was protected by both PNJ and FPNJ. Pretreatment with PNJ and FPNJ in human leukocytes produced significant reductions in $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibitory activity was significantly higher in FPNJ than PNJ. The ACE inhibitory activity was about 87.1% and 60.0% in 1:1 diluted PNJ and FPNJ, respectively. This study suggests that the fermentation of PNJ could enhance the regulation of blood glucose metabolism and both PNJ and FPNJ might be a new potential source of natural antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive agents applicable to food.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.249-257
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• 2014

In this study, the anti-oxidative and anti-obesity activities of Amomum cardamomum L. methanol extract (ACME) were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, pancreatic lipase enzyme inhibition assay, and the cell culture model system. ACME exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activities dose-dependently, with $IC_{50}$ of DPPH radical scavenging activities of ACME being $25.15{\mu}g/ml$. Furthermore, ACME effectively suppressed pancreatic lipase enzyme activity dose-dependently. ACME also significantly suppressed adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, triglyceride (TG) contents, and triggered lipolysis activity on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner, without cytotoxicity. Their anti-obesity effect was modulated by the cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT)/enhancer binding proteins ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), $C/EBP{\beta}$ and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) gene and protein expressions. Taken together, these results provide an important new insight that A. cardamomum L. possesses anti-oxidative and anti-obesity activities such as pancreatic lipase inhibition, anti-adipogenic, and lipolysis effects. There is therefore potential for its use as a promising component in the field of nutraceuticals and the identification of the active compounds that confer the anti-oxidative and anti-obesity activities of ACME might be an appropriate next step.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.262-267
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to minimize the loss of nutrients in carrots (Daucus carota var. sativa). A protopectinase was used to enzymatically macerated and separate cells without damage. The enzyme modification group's collection rate was 81% (residue rate 19%), while the grinding process group's collection rate was 56% (residue rate 44%)-an over 20% of collection rate difference. Thus we predicted a big difference in transference number after the process and wastage. In comparing ingredient changes in the enzyme modification group versus the grinding process group, the content of ${\beta}$-carotene (the carrot's main ingredient) showed a change in protection factor (PF) ($2.2{\pm}0.2$ PF, $1.4{\pm}0.4$ PF, respectively), total polyphenol content ($89{\pm}3.42{\mu}g/g$, $64{\pm}4.16{\mu}g/g$, respectively), and total flavonoid content ($68{\pm}2.73{\mu}g/g$, $41{\pm}3.26{\mu}g/g$, respectively). Thus we confirmed that nutrient destruction, due to cell membrane preservation, occurred less often in the enzyme modification process than the mechanical grinding process group. We also measured DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and nitrite scavenging activity. DPPH radical scavenging activity was $87{\pm}0.29%$ and $74{\pm}1.56%$ in the enzymatic modification group compared to the mechanical grinding process group, respectively. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was $44{\pm}0.49%$ and $32{\pm}0.48%$ in the enzymatic modification group compared to the mechanical grinding process group, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activity was $59{\pm}0.53%$ and $46{\pm}0.62%$ in the enzymatic modification group compared to the mechanical grinding process group, respectively. Our results show that cell membrane preservation, via the protopectinase enzyme process, decreases the loss of nutrients and still preserves inherent antioxidants.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 2017

This study evaluated antimicrobial efficacy and antioxidant effect of fraction isolated from Coptis Radix and confirmed its possibility as a cosmetic material. The extracts of isolated from Coptis Radix conducted an antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans by disc diffusion method and measure clear zone. As a result, it was confirmed that antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and candida. A was observed in all samples except Fr 1. The activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and The activity of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging were determined by antioxidant assay according to the concentrations (50, 125, 250) ${\mu}g/mL$ of extracts of isolated from Coptis Radix. As a result, DPPH radical scavenging activity of Fr 1, 2, 3, 4 at $250{\mu}g/mL$ was 11.4%, 30.3%, 42.0% and 53.1%, respectively and $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity was 28.6%, 96.2%, 98.6% and 97.1% at the same concentration, respectively. Fr. 3 and 4 showed higher radical scavenging activity than the positive the control group BHT at the same concentration. In the WST assay results of measuring the cytotoxicity of Coptis Radix, except for Fr. 4, Fr. 1, 2 and 3 did not show toxicity. As a result, the fractions isolated from Coptis Radix can be regarded as a cosmetic material having antimicrobial activity and antioxidant ability.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3766-3773
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• 2014

This study examined the antioxidant capacities of apple peel, grape peel, and sweet potato peel. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using total phenolic contents, total flavonoids contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity, FRAP reducing power, and ORAC assay. The total phenolic (7.76 ${\mu}M$ quercetin equivalent/g peel) and total flavonoids (1.03 ${\mu}M$ quercetin equivalent/g peel) contents in apple peel were significantly higher than in grape peel and sweet potato peel (P<0.05). The scavenging activities of DPPH and ABTS radicals of a 70% ethanol extract of apple peel was 3.2-4.6 and 2.8-5.4 times high than those of grape and sweet potato peel, respectively. In addition, the FRAP reducing power and ORAC assay of 70% ethanol extraction from apple peel were significantly higher than those of the other samples. Therefore, apple peel can be used efficiently as a natural antioxidant.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2010

Ixeris dentata var. albiflora Nakai, a herbal plant, is often used to make a strong stomach as an antiphlogistic used when dyspepsia and to improve appetite in Korea and China. And also it is used for adult diseases such as diabetes and liver diseases as Korean traditional medicine. In this study, the composition and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the root of Ixeris dentata var. albiflora Nakai and its effects on cell viability on vero and chang cells were investigated. Moisture, crude ash, crude protein and crude lipid were 79.14, 2.49, 8.28 and 2.56 g/100 g respectively. The highest mineral content was K. The major free sugars were glucose, fructose and sucrose. Major fatty acid are linoleic acid, palmic acid and linolenic acid. Major amino acids were glutamic acid, arginine and aspartic acid and the total contents of amino acids were 28.12 mg/g. The methanol extracts were further fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water to get an active fraction. In addition, cell viabilities in each fraction were determined. Methanol extract, butanol, and aqueous fraction showed strong survival rates in vero cell and chang cell viability test, and hexane, chloroform, and ethylacetate fraction were examined for toxin in a cell. The root of Ixeris dentata var. albiflora Nakai had scavenging activities against DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent assay. Ethylacetate fraction's SC50 was $6.8\{\mu}g/mL$, very strong DPPH radical scavenging activities, but water fraction did not show any activity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activities of ethanol and water extracts of Sargassum hemiphyllum. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by assessing total phenolic contents, 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, chelating effect, reducing power, and using the rancimat method. Total phenolic contents in the ethanol and water extracts were 17.91 and 13.44 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, respectively. Ethanol extract showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than water extract and similar activity to that of BHT. The reducing power of ethanol and water extracts increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Particularly, ethanol extract was more effective than water extract. Water extract showed a higher chelating effect compared to ethanol extract. The antioxidant index measured by rancimat was lower than those in BHT, but the ethanol extract showed a higher value than the water extract. The ethanol extract showed higher antioxidant activity than the water extract, except for the chelating effect. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of Sargassum hemiphyllum has more potent antioxidant activity and may be used as a source of natural antioxidants.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2021

The aim of the study was to obtain the extracts of various native wild mushrooms and select the useful resources though biological activity evaluation. The anti-oxidant potential, nitrite scavenging activity, and ��-glucan content of wild mushrooms collected from Eumseong and Bonghwa in Korea were investigated. Based on the results of this study, Ganoderma lingzhi (OK1362) showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (73.2%), ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (0.134), reducing power (0.155), nitrite scavenging activity (53.6%), total polyphenol content (28.9 mg GAE/g), flavonoid content (10.0 mg QE/g), and ��-glucan content (25.2%) when compared to other wild mushrooms sampled in this study. In addition, it was confirmed that Perenniporia fraxinea (OK1360), Amanita sp. (OK1398), and Russula sp. (OK1406) had relatively high anti-oxidant and nitrite scavenging potentials. In conclusion, our results can provide fundamental data for extracting beneficial compounds from wild mushrooms.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.708-713
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• 2015

To provide the basic data to dry vegetate the sweetpotato leaves, the total contents of tannin, flavonoid and polyphenol in the methanol extract from the hot-air dried sweetpotato leaves were analyzed and DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging ability, nitrite scavenging ability, and others were comparatively analyzed. The total tannin content was decreased from Shinmi of 10.87 mg/g at $40^{\circ}C$ to 7.28 mg/g at $70^{\circ}C$ and the total flavonoid was decreased from Hayanmi of 55.37 mg/g at $40^{\circ}C$ to 39.63 mg/g at $70^{\circ}C$. That is, the low temperature drying contained more of these substances than in the high temperature drying. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in Shinmi and Hayanmi of 84.33% and 85.25% at $40^{\circ}C$, and the ABTS radical scavenging ability was a high value of over 80% in the treatment plot at $40^{\circ}C$. The nitrite scavenging ability was highest in Shinmi and Hayanmi of 76.15% and 73.74% at $40^{\circ}C$ but low at $70^{\circ}C$. That is, the antioxidant effect of the hot-air dried sweetpotato leaves was high in the sample of $40^{\circ}C$ and low in the sample of $70^{\circ}C$. Affected by the drying temperature, the high antioxidant effect is resulting from the little decrease of active ingredient when drying at low temperatures.