• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.390-401
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• 1997

In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of New Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (NCL), effects of Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (CL) and NCL were compared. In isolated rat aorta, NCL and CL showed the relaxation of blood vessels in maximum contractile response to phenylephrine (10$^{-6}$ M) without regard to intact endothelium or denuded rings of the rat aorta. Furthermore, the presences of the inhibitor of NO synthase and guanylate cyclase did not affect the relaxation of NCL and CL. NCL and CL inhibited the vascular contractions induced by acetylcholine, prostaglandin endoperoxide or peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), NCL and CL significantly decreased heart rate. NCL and CL, at high doses, had a negative inotropic effect that was a decrease of LVDP and (-dp/dt)/(+dp/dt) in the isolated perfused rat hearts, and also decreased the contractile force and heart rate in the isolated rat right atria. In excised guinea-pig papillary muscle, NCL and CL had no effects on parameters of action potential at low doses, whereas inhibited the cardiac contractility at high doses. These results suggested that NCL and CL have weak cardiovascular effects with relaxation of blood vessels and decrease of heart rate, and that this effect is no significant differences between two preparations.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.653-660
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• 2006

Due to the stronger exhaust emission regulations and the introduction of advanced technology in Diesel engine, the specific Diesel particulate matters have decreased by about one order of magnitude since the 1980's. In recent years, particle number emissions rather than particulate mass emissions have become the subject of controversial discussions. Recent results from health studies imply that it is possible that particulate mass does not properly correlated with the variety of health effects attributed to Diesel exhaust. Concern is instead now focusing on nano-sized particles. This study has been performed for the better understanding about the Diesel nano-particle measurement and size distribution characteristics in the exhaust system of a turbo charged Diesel engine. A scanning mobility particle sizer(SMPS) system was applied to measure the particle number and size concentration of Diesel exhaust particles. As the experimental results, the number concentrations in the particle size (Dp<200 nm) were very sensitive to dilution conditions. Specially the changes in nano-particle number concentrations(Dp<50 nm) increased along the downstream of exhaust flow. Also we found the dilution conditions were influencing the condensation of SOF and $H_2O$ during dilution and cooling of hot exhaust.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.683-695
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• 1996

In this paper, we implemented the content-based image retrieval system that indexes and retrieves the images by acquiring contour information of images and by extracting lines from the object. For this purpose, we proposed the advanced line extraction algorithm called FSLHT(Flexible SLHT) which covers drawback of SLHT(Straight Line Hough Transform)andapplied aDP(Dynamic Programming)algorithm to getadesirable similarity ofimages by lines. We estimated the contour features as a key value of sampled region to compensate for the problem that image contours are heavily depend on the noise. When performing the Hough transform we calculated the directionality based on the perceptual organization and transformed according to this direction to overcome the problem of time consuming and discontinuity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.66-78
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• 1999

In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of New Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (NSCL), effects of Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (SCL) and NSCL were compared. In isolated rat aorta, NSCL and SCL showed the relaxation of blood vessels in maximum contractile response to phenylephrine (10$^{-6}$ M) regardless to intact endothelium or denuded rings of the rat aorta. Furthermore, the presences of the inhibitor of NO synthase and guanylate cyclase did not affect the relaxing effect of NSCL and SCL. NSCL and SCL inhibited the vascular contractions induced by acetylcholine, prostaglandin endoperoxide or peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), NSCL and SCL significantly decreased heart rate. NSCL and SCL, at high doses, had a negative inotropic effect that was a decrease of left ventricular developed pressure and (-dp/dt)/(+dp/dt) in the isolated perfused rat hearts, and also decreased the contractile force and heart rate in the isolated rat right atria. In excised guinea-pig papillary muscle, NSCL and SCL had no effects on parameters of action potential such as resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, APD$_{90}$ and V$_{max}$ at low doses, whereas inhibited the cardiac contractility at high doses. These results suggested that NSCL and SCL have weak cardiovascular effects with relaxation of blood vessels and decrease of heart rate, and that this effect is no significant differences between cardiovascular effects of two preparations.s.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.29-44
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• 2008

This study investigates the influence of the developing and decaying El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the relation between typhoon intensity and its formation. From the long-tenn data of 57 years ($1950{\sim}2006$), we first defined the developing El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ years and the neutral years. During the developing El Nino years, the typhoon intensity has a strong relationship with formation region of the tropical cyclone, which results in an increase of the accumulated cyclone energy and intensity of energy of typhoon. During the developing El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ year based on $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ 3.4 SST, the locations for the formation of the category 4+5 typhoon move to the eastward region. The genesis potential function and the low-level cyclonic vorticity have an important role on the formation of strong tropical cyclones, which eventually develop as a typhoon class. In this study, the dynamic potential (DP) function (Gray, 1977) and EOF 1 and EOF 2 time series (RMM 1 and RMM 2) of real-time multivariate MJO (Wheeler and Hendon, 2004) are used to measure the genesis potential and the low-level cyclonic vorticity, respectively. To investigate the influence of the developing and decaying ENSO, we defined the Type I case of the decaying El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ that turnovers to La Nina, and the Type II case of the recovering years to the neutral condition. During the decaying El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ years as Type I, the locations of the strong DP, RMM 1 and RMM 2 move to the westward more prominently to induce retard of the strong typhoon developing.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2011

The line-telemetry data processing system is necessary for monitoring the status of each onboard systems of KSLV-I upper stage during the ground tests and launch preparation. The mission of line-telemetry system is to provide reference telemetry data and to monitor the status of upper stage. The line-telemetry data processing system consists of a PCM acquisition/processing server, a system management server, and 9 monitoring consoles. In this paper, we will describe the overview of onboard remote measurement system, the design of the line-telemetry data processing system, anomaly setup information for indicating alarm signal in case of abnormal occurrence, and the result of the ground test and flight test.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2016

We develop a manufacture procedure for the production of a patient specific customized bolus (PSCB) using a 3D printer (3DP). The dosimetric accuracy of the 3D-PSCB is evaluated for electron beam therapy. In order to cover the required planning target volume (PTV), we select the proper electron beam energy and the field size through initial dose calculation using a treatment planning system. The PSCB is delineated based on the initial dose distribution. The dose calculation is repeated after applying the PSCB. We iteratively fine-tune the PSCB shape until the plan quality is sufficient to meet the required clinical criteria. Then the contour data of the PSCB is transferred to an in-house conversion software through the DICOMRT protocol. This contour data is converted into the 3DP data format, STereoLithography data format and then printed using a 3DP. Two virtual patients, having concave and convex shapes, were generated with a virtual PTV and an organ at risk (OAR). Then, two corresponding electron treatment plans with and without a PSCB were generated to evaluate the dosimetric effect of the PSCB. The dosimetric characteristics and dose volume histograms for the PTV and OAR are compared in both plans. Film dosimetry is performed to verify the dosimetric accuracy of the 3D-PSCB. The calculated planar dose distribution is compared to that measured using film dosimetry taken from the beam central axis. We compare the percent depth dose curve and gamma analysis (the dose difference is 3%, and the distance to agreement is 3 mm) results. No significant difference in the PTV dose is observed in the plan with the PSCB compared to that without the PSCB. The maximum, minimum, and mean doses of the OAR in the plan with the PSCB were significantly reduced by 9.7%, 36.6%, and 28.3%, respectively, compared to those in the plan without the PSCB. By applying the PSCB, the OAR volumes receiving 90% and 80% of the prescribed dose were reduced from $14.40cm^3$ to $0.1cm^3$ and from $42.6cm^3$ to $3.7cm^3$, respectively, in comparison to that without using the PSCB. The gamma pass rates of the concave and convex plans were 95% and 98%, respectively. A new procedure of the fabrication of a PSCB is developed using a 3DP. We confirm the usefulness and dosimetric accuracy of the 3D-PSCB for the clinical use. Thus, rapidly advancing 3DP technology is able to ease and expand clinical implementation of the PSCB.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.343-348
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of composite resin on the fracture surface of metal-ceramic depending on the repair systems and surface roughening methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 30 disk specimens were fabricated, 15 of each were made from feldspathic porcelain and nickel-chromium base metal alloy. Each substrate was divided into three groups according to the repair method: a) application of repair system I (Intraoral Repair Kit) with diamond bur roughening (Group DP and DM), b) application of repair system I with airborne-particle abrasion (Group SP and SM), and c) application of repair system II (CoJet Intraoral Repair System, Group CP and CM). All specimens were thermocycled, and the shear bond strength was measured. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis analysis and the Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS. For the porcelain specimens, group SP showed the highest shear bond strength ($25.85{\pm}3.51MPa$) and group DP and CP were not significantly different. In metal specimens, group CM showed superior values of bond strength ($13.81{\pm}3.45MPa$) compared to groups DM or SM. CONCLUSION. Airborne-particle abrasion and application of repair system I can be recommended in the case of a fracture localized to the porcelain. If the fracture extends to metal surface, the repair system II is worthy of consideration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2005

In this paper, performance of a hybrid sequential aerobic-anaerobic natural system was investigated. Continuous aerobic and anoxic conditions were created by alternatively placing waste stabilization pond (WSP) and wale. hyacinth pond (WHP). Two pilot-scale treatment lines were built and operated; The first consists of WSP integrated with WHP and the second of WSP connected with Dark Pond(DP), namely control system ponds which were used to examine the effects of water hyacinth on nitrification and de-nitrification. The overall performance in nitrogen was 86% reduction in WSP-WHP and 36% in WSP-control pond system. Nitrogen was mostly removed by nitrification and de-nitrification which simultaneously occurred in the same water hyacinth ponds. For the de-nitrification, benthic layer was found out to be adequate support as a carbon source. In addition, WSP-WHP system was very effective in reducing phosphorus. Overall P removal efficiency in WSP-WHP is 81%, while it is only 16% in WSP-control. difference in phosphorus reduction between those two systems is thought to be caused by the plants and probably their roots producing extra-cellular materials, but these aspects need to be further studied.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.24-28
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• 2009