• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2009

This paper deals with the estimation performance DoA (Direction of Arrival) using the 3D adaptive array antenna in W-CDMA signal. For this, we proposed the 5 types of 3D array antenna, and appied for the MUSIC in order to the estimation of DoA algorithm for that antenna, commonly, then the DoA estimation error was used for the estimation performance. In the mobile communication and radio positioning service, performing the spatial filtering after the DoA estimation in array antenna, the quality of receiving signal can improve by the nulling or minimization of interfering signal which is from the undesired direction and the forming of beam which is from the desired direction. The result of DoA estimation and the DoA estimation error by varying the signal to noise ration and the number of interfering signal and power of each type antenna was calculated by computer simulation. As a result of simulation, the other propose antenna has good performance excluding the stack 3D antenna in DoA estimation and the Curved-B type antenna has more superior performance when increasing the number of interfering signal and power in the DoA estimation error.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.65-76
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• 2007

The possibility of rapid quantitative analysis of AV(Acid Value), IV(Iodine Value) and fatty acids in vegetable oils with NIRS(Near-infrared spectroscopy) was evaluated. A calibration equation calculated by MPLS regression technique was developed and correlation coefficient of determination for AV, IV, $C_{16:0},\;C_{18:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:3},\;and\;C_{20:0}$ content were 0.9727, 0.997, 0.9805, 0.942, 0.9987, 0.9994, 0.9966, and 0.975 respectively. According to the data obtained from validation study, $R^2$ of contents of perilla, corn, soybean, rapaseed oils were 0.897, 0.993, 0.935, 0.707, 0.994, 0.996, 0.984, 0.798, SEP of contents of 0.185, 1.367, 0.899, 0.640, 1.498, 1.360, 0.476, 0.076 by MPLS. The results indicate that the NIRS procedure can potentially be used as a non-destructive analysis method for the rapid and simple measurement of AV, IV and fatty acids in vegetable oils.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.116-126
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• 1984

The present study was designed to elucidate the recent prevalence of the intestinal protozoa and to demonstrate the relationship on prevalence of the surveyed population with their academic career and living conditions. During the period from May to July 1981, total 2, 735 fecal specimens were collected from the inhabitants of 11 areas in Gyeong-gi Do(province) near by Seoul City, and 6 areas in Jeonra Bug Do, southwestern part of Korea. The samples were fixed with SAF solution and were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique. The results are summarised as follows: 1, Overall positive rate of intestinal protozoa was 11. l% : Gyeong-gi Do, 10.7%; Jeonra Bug Do, 11.7%. 2. Five species of intestinal protozoa were detected: Entamoeba histolytica 0.69% : Entamoeba cali 5.52%; Endolimax nana 2.71%, Giardia lamblia 2.23%; lodamoeba biitschlii 0.18%. 3. Highest positive rates among the examined areas were recognized: Incheon City of Gyeong-gi Do, 26.7%; Im-sil Gun(county) of Jeonra Bug Do, 19.9%. 4. By species, E. nana showed the highest prevalence rate (13.74%) in Incheon City, and E. histolytica (2.37%) and E. coli (9.95%) in Im-sil Gun. 5. Prevalence of E. histolytica in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. 6. No significant difference in the prevalence rate by sect and age was recognized, although the group under 10 years and over 60 years were lower than in other age groups. 7, The highest positive rate of E. histolytica was observed in pauper group and significant linearity of prevalence rate of E. histozytica by monthly income was observed. 8. The inhabitants who used conventional latrine showed higher prevalence, 11.5%, than the group of inhabitants who used modified privy. 9. Although no significant difference of positive rate was recognized by academic career, but the lowest prevalence rate was observed in college graduates. 10. Over half of the surveyed population, 64.8% has no experience on anthelmintic practice. Number of anthelmintic application resulted no difference in prevalence. In conclusion, prevalences of intestinal protozoa in Gyeong-gi Do and Jeonra Bug Do decreased remarkably in comparison with those of one decade before. However, economic level, academic career and anthelmintic administration seemed no essential reasons for such declination.

• KSCI Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.235-244
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• 2006

This paper attacked the unknown DoS which mixed a DoS attack, Worm and the Trojan horse which used IP Source Address Spoofing and Smurf through the SYN Flooding way that UDP, ICMP, Echo, TCP Syn packet operated. the applications that used TCP/UDP in VoIP service networks. Define necessity of a Dynamic Update Engine for a prevention, and measure Miss traffic at RT statistics of inbound and outbound parts in case of designs of an engine at IPS regarding an Self-learning module and a statistical attack spread. and design a logic engine module. Three engines judge attack grades (Attack Suspicious, Normal), and keep the most suitable filtering engine state through AND or OR algorithms at Footprint Lookup modules. A Real-Time Dynamic Engine and Filter updated protected VoIP service from DoS attacks, and strengthened Ubiquitous Security anger, and were turned out to be.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.6 s.44
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• pp.165-174
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• 2006

This paper attacked the unknown DoS which mixed a DoS attack, Worm and the Trojan horse which used IP Source Address Spoofing and Smurf through the SYN Flooding way that UDP, ICMP, Echo, TCP Syn packet operated, the applications that used TCP/UDP in VoIP service networks. Define necessity of a Dynamic Update Engine for a prevention, and measure Miss traffic at RT statistics of inbound and outbound parts in case of designs of an engine at IPS regarding an Self-learning module and a statistical attack spread, and design a logic engine module. Three engines judge attack grades (Attack, Suspicious, Normal), and keep the most suitable filtering engine state through AND or OR algorithms at Footprint Lookup modules. A Real-Time Dynamic Engine and Filter updated protected VoIP service from DoS attacks, and strengthened Ubiquitous Security anger, and were turned out to be.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2006

The effects of aliphatic hydrocarbons (n-hexadecane and n-dodecane) on the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient $(k_L\;a)$ were studied in flat alveolar airlift reactor and continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). In the flat alveolar airlift reactor, high aeration rates (>2vvm) were required in order to obtain efficient organic-aqueous phase dispersion and reliable $k_La$ measurements. Addition of 1% (v/v) n-hexadecane or n-dodecane increased the $k_La$ 1.55- and 1.33-fold, respectively, compared to the control (superficial velocity: $25.8{\times}10^{-3}m/s$, sparger orifice diameter: 0.5 mm). Analysis of the gas-liquid interfacial area a and the liquid film mass transfer coefficient $k_L$ suggests that the observed $k_La$ increase was a function of the media's liquid film mass transfer. Addition of 1% (v/v) n-hexadecane or n-dodecane to analogous setups using CSTRs led to a $k_La$ increase by a factor of 1.68 and 1.36, respectively (superficial velocity: $2.1{\times}10^{-3}m/s$, stirring rate: 250 rpm). These results propose that low-concentration addition of oxygen-vectors to aerobic microbial cultures has additional benefit relative to incubation in purely aqueous media.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.19 no.2 s.30
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• pp.96-107
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• 2006

Inquiry has great value in environmental education(EE). Being able to see the world environmentally through 'inquiry-based environmental education' can be an important value and goal of EE. In this study, we intended to develop an EE program of measuring activity of dissolved oxygen(DO), based on the theory of 'inquiry-based EE'. Especially, we recognized the potential that DO meter can be used in 'inquiry-based EE', and we tried to develop a model of inquiry-based EE using DO meter. As a result of this research, we present specific models of inquiry-based EE about how to perform measuring activity of DO and how to use the DO meter in laboratories and streams from the perspective of inquiry of water environment. In the process of program development, we considered organization of the inquiry process, use of concept and knowledge, scientific inquiry and insightful inquiry, integration, sustain-ability, content components of 'Environmental Studies for EE', developmental level and in-forest of students. The developed EE model is a scientific inquiry model, pursuing 'explanation' based on data collection. Through this model, we tried to make students see water environment more deeply. The developed program can be applied to various water environments, like laboratories, streams, ponds, etc. It can be more effective inquiry activity if we perform measuring activities simultaneously with PH, electrical conductivity, and turbidity meters.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.284-288
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• 2004

The response of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations caused significant change in root number, root length, coleoptile length, shoot length and leaf age of seedlings. The genotypic difference in the effect of DO also highly significant (P<0.01) for all of the seedling traits. The number and length of root were extremely inhibited at the condition of $0.39\pm0.09$ DO concentration. While the coleoptile elongated markedly in the lowest DO concentrations, the shoot did not develop. The root growth was improved slightly at the $1.39\pm0.27mg L^{-1}$, however, there were no difference among genotypes at these two low DO concentrations. As the DO concentration become higher, the growth of root and shoot was improved remarkably. Root number, root length and shoot length was significantly different between $20\;and\;30^{\circ}C$ in DO rich and normal conditions, the development of those traits were apparently accelerated in high water temperature, however those traits of seedlings in DO deficiency were not different between the two temperatures except for shoot length. On the other hand the coleoptile length was not affected by the stagnant water temperature; it was stimulated by the low DO concentration. The competition of DO was greater as the seedling density was increased in the stagnant water, therefore the seedlings grown under high density have long and white coleoptiles, and the growth of roots and shoots was retarded severely.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2006

The present study was intended to examine a basic scheme to determine the biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) of livestock wastewater by means of six individual dissolved oxygen(DO) sensors and its multi-measurable meter. Maximal point of the first order time derivative of the DO difference between DO distribution of sterilized livestock wastewater and that of non-sterilized livestock wastewater, was considered as the oxygen uptake rate(OUR) of microorganisms in livestock wastewater, as determined to be 0.00074 mg $O_2/{\ell}{\cdot}sec$. The present study showed that there was a fair linear relationship(97.72%) between maximal OUR and BOD values of livestock wastewater, the latter being determined by classical Winkler azide method. It was thus concluded that the present multi-biosensor system might be applicable to an on-line system for measurement of BOD of livestock wastewater.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.307-311
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to compare the biochemical profiles with biogroups for the identification of Cronobacter spp. (formally known as Enterobacter sakazakii) isolates using biochemical identification kits. A total of 38 Cronobacter spp. contained 5 clinical, 31 food, and 2 environmental isolates were used. All isolates were identified as Cronobacter spp. with the Vitek II system and ID 32E kit. The API 20E kit identified all isolates as Cronobacter spp. but the percentage identification was 51.1% for 16 of 38 isolates. These strains were contained to Biogroup 2, 9, 10, and 11. The utilization of inositol is a factor determining the percentage identification of Cronobacter spp. with the API 20E kit.