• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2018

항공기 시스템에서 소프트웨어의 사용이 증가 추세에 있어 안전 및 보안 위협에 대한 노출이 점차 증대되고 있다. 소프트웨어 안전에 관한 인증기준은 DO-178C가 발표되었으나, 소프트웨어 보안을 위한 인증기준은 포함되어 있지 않다. 한편 최근 항공기 및 시스템 감항 보안 인증기준으로 DO-326A, DO-356 및 DO-355가 별도로 발표되었다. 그러나 안전과 보안의 인증을 위해 각각의 기준과 절차를 준수함으로써 별도의 비용과 노력이 요구되는 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 안전과 보안을 위한 각각의 인증기준을 하나로 통합하여 비용, 노력 및 시간 등을 감소시킬 수 있는 효율적인 통합인증 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1985

The composition rates of litters were studied at Camellia japonica forests in Koje-Do and Haenam, and at Quercus acuta, Quercus acutissima, Cryptomeria japonica, and Chamaecyparis abtusa forests in Haenam. Total amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sodium in litter samples were measured and the relation between these amounts and decomposition rate was studied. Annual litter production were rarely different at each forest in Haenam. The amount of accumulated organic matter was about 4 times greater at C. japonica forest in Koje-Do than at the C. japonica forest in Haenam. These amounts were 5, 282.1 $\pm$ 1, 026.03g/m2 in Koje-Do and 1, 420.7 $\pm$ 384.77g/$m^2$ in haenam. The decomposition rate were rarely differnet at each forest in Haenam, but the rates showed great difference at C. japonica foreests in Koje-Do and Haenam. The rates were 0.093 and 0.313 at C. japonica forests in Koje-Do and in Haenam respectively. The sodium contents were 0.472% and 0.229% on L layer and on Css layer of C. japonica forest in Koje-Do, while they were 0.034% and 0.043% on L layer, and on Css layer of C. jpaonica forest in Haenam. It is sugested that much difference in the salt contents in the forest floor was present from the results of sodium content measured at each site, and that the decomposition rate was affected by the much concentration of salt in Koje-Do.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to provide an abstracted meta-model for executing Capabilities Portfolio Management (CPM) effectively based on DoDAF2.0. The purpose of developing an architecture is for beneficial use of it. A good set of architectural artifacts facilitates the manipulation and use of them in meeting its usage objectives well. Systems engineering methodologies evolve to accommodate or to deal with enterprise or SoS/FoS level problems. And DoD's Capabilities Portfolio Management (CPM) is a good example which demonstrates enterprise or SoS level problems. However, the complexity of the architecture framework makes it difficult to develop and use the architecture models and their associated artifacts. DoDAF states that it was established to guide the development of architectures and to satisfy the demands of a structured, repeatable method for evaluating alternatives which add value to decisions and management practices. One of the objectives of DoDAF2.0 is to define concepts and models usable in CPM which is one of DoD's six core processes. However, DoDAF and various guidelines state requirements for CPM rather than how to. This paper provides methodology for CPM which includes process and tailored meta-models based on DoDAF Meta Model (DM2).

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.355-358
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• 2002

본 연구는 제약폐수 처리에 있어서 폐수처리장내의 미생물 활성을 최대로 하여 운전효율을 높이는 것을 목적으로 한다. 생물 반응기내의 미생물의 활성과 최적 용존산소 농도에는 어떤 상관관계가 있는가를 규명하기위해 연속식 실험을 진행한 결과, 0${\sim}$1.0 ppm 정도의 낮은 DO농도에서는 COD의 감소율도 적고, 1.5${\sim}$3.0 ppm 정도일 때에는 COD의 감소율이 다른 DO농도일 때 보다 상대적으로 높았다. 그러나 3.0 ppm 이상의 DO농도에서는 오히려 COD 감소율이 작아진다.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2018

This work describes a binary image based fast Difference of Gaussian (DoG) filter using zero-dimensional (0-d) convolution and state machine look up tables (LUTs) for image and video stitching hardware platforms. The proposed approach for using binary images to obtain DoG filtering can significantly reduce the data size compared to conventional gray scale based DoG filters, yet binary images still preserve the key features of the image such as contours, edges, and corners. Furthermore, the binary image based DoG filtering can be realized with zero-dimensional convolution and state machine LUTs which eliminates the major portion of the adder and multiplier blocks that are generally used in conventional DoG filter hardware engines. This enables fast computation time along with the data size reduction which can lead to compact and low power image and video stitching hardware blocks. The proposed DoG filter using binary images has been implemented with a FPGA (Altera DE2-115), and the results have been verified.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.3215-3224
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• 2022

Latest studies found that for 316LN austenitic stainless steel (ASS), its LCF life decreased noticeably in high temperature water containing a great amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) (2 ppm DO), compared with that in the water containing 50 or 100 ppb DO. This finding is different from previous studies about ASSs. This study confirmed that the 316L had similar behavior to 316LN. The LCF life of 316L in water containing 1000 ppb DO water was considerably shorter than that in the water containing 50 ppb DO. Addition of boric acid & lithium hydroxide and pre-soaking did not display noticeable effects on the LCF life of this material in the water with 1000 ppb DO, indicating the discrepancy between the latest studies and previous studies was not caused by the boric acid & lithium hydroxide and pre-soaking. This study also confirmed that similar to 316LN, when a certain amount of DO was added into the water, the amount of hydrogen absorbed into the material decreased significantly compared with that when the DO was less than 5 ppb.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2021년도 제63차 동계학술대회논문집 29권1호
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• pp.257-260
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 카메라의 포커싱과 아웃포커싱에 의해 이미지에서 뿌옇게 표현되는 DoF(Depth of field, 피사계 심도) 영역을 쿼드트리(Quadtree) 기반의 합성곱 신경망을 통해 빠르게 찾는 방법을 제안한다. 우리의 접근 방식은 RGB채널기반의 상호-상관 필터를 이용하여 DoF영역을 이미지로부터 효율적으로 분류하고, 적응형 트리인 쿼드트리를 기반으로 유의미한 영역만을 분류한다. 이 과정에서 손실 없이 온전하게 DoF영역을 추출하기 위한 필터링 과정을 거친다. 이러한 과정에서 얻어진 이미지 패치들은 전체 이미지에 비해 적은 영역으로 나타나며, 이 적은 개수의 패치들을 이용하여 네트워크 단계에서 사용할 이미지-DoF가중치 맵 데이터 쌍을 설정한다. 네트워크 과정에서 학습할 때 사용되는 데이터는 이미지와 상호-상관 필터 기반으로 추출된 DoF 가중치 맵을 이용한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 쿼드트리 기반 합성곱 신경망은 이미지로부터 포커싱과 아웃포커싱된 DoF영역을 자동으로 추출하는 과정을 학습시키기 위해 사용된다. 결과적으로 학습에 필요한 데이터 영역이 줄어듦으로써 학습 시간과 메모리를 절약했으며, 테스트 결과로 얻은 DoF 가중치 이미지는 입력 이미지에서 DoF영역을 더욱더 빠른 시간 내에 찾아낸다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2020년도 제62차 하계학술대회논문집 28권2호
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• pp.429-432
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 카메라의 포커싱과 아웃포커싱에 의해 이미지에서 뿌옇게 표현되는 DoF(Depth of field, 피사계 심도) 영역을 합성곱 신경망을 통해 찾는 방법을 제안한다. 우리의 접근 방식은 RGB채널기반의 상호-상관 필터를 이용하여 DoF영역을 이미지로부터 효율적으로 분류하고, 합성곱 신경망 네트워크에 학습하기 위한 데이터를 구축하며, 이렇게 얻어진 데이터를 이용하여 이미지-DoF가중치 맵 데이터 쌍을 설정한다. 학습할 때 사용되는 데이터는 이미지와 상호-상관 필터 기반으로 추출된 DoF 가중치 맵을 이용하며, 네트워크 학습 단계에서 수렴률을 높이기 위해 스무딩을 과정을 한번 더 적용한 결과를 사용한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 합성곱 신경망은 이미지로부터 포커싱과 아웃포커싱된 DoF영역을 자동으로 추출하는 과정을 학습시키기 위해 사용된다. 테스트 결과로 얻은 DoF 가중치 이미지는 입력 이미지에서 DoF영역을 빠른 시간 내에 찾아내며, 제안하는 방법은 DoF영역을 사용자의 ROI(Region of interest)로 활용하여 NPR렌더링, 객체 검출 등 다양한 곳에 활용이 가능하다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.14.1-14.13
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• 2024

This study aimed to answer the question through a systematic review: Can carbamide peroxide be as effective as hydrogen peroxide and cause less in-office bleaching sensitivity? A literature survey was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and gray literature. Primary clinical trials that compared the efficacy or the in-office bleaching sensitivity between carbamide and hydrogen peroxides were included. The risk of bias was evaluated using the RoB2. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. DPI training significantly improved the mean scores of the dental undergraduates from 7.53 in the pre-DPI-training test to 9.01 in the post-DPI-training test (p < 0.001). After 6 weeks, the mean scores decreased marginally to 8.87 in the retention test (p = 0.563). DPI training increased their confidence level from 5.68 pre-DPI training to 7.09 post-DPI training. The limited evidence suggests that the 37% carbamide peroxide may be similarly effective to the 35% hydrogen peroxide for bleaching teeth in-office and causes less bleaching sensitivity. However, more well-designed split-mouth clinical trials are necessary to strengthen the evidence.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1584-1592
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• 2014

The objective was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of crossbred heifers finished on a Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture receiving four levels of glycerin in their supplementation. Thirty-six crossbred heifers with average initial weight of $264.83{\pm}3.83kg$ and 20 months of age were distributed into a completely randomized design with four treatments and nine replications: control (0%), 4.82%, 10.12%, and 15.56% glycerin in the dry matter. The grazing time reduced linearly (p<0.05), whereas the time spent on activities like rumination, idleness, trough and total chewing time were quadratically affected (p<0.05). Bite rate and number of bites/day were quadratically influenced (p<0.05). The number of bites/swallowed cud and the number of bites/minute, however, increased linearly (p<0.05). Although the time spent on each cud and number of chews per cud were not affected (p>0.05).The number of rumination periods reduced linearly (p<0.05), whereas the number of grazing, idle and trough periods, and the times per grazing, idle, rumination and trough periods were quadratically affected (p<0.05). The feed and rumination efficiencies of the dry matter, non-fibrous carbohydrates, pasture dry matter and concentrate were quadratically affected (p>0.05) whereas the feed efficiency of neutral detergent fiber reduced linearly (p<0.05). Addition of glycerin in substitution of corn in supplements for animals managed on pastures does not influenced feed intake, but reduces the grazing time and increases the idle time. The supplementation also improves feed and rumination efficiencies.