• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2015

This study was intended to evaluate the anti-atopic effect of Sargassum fulvellum water extract (SFWE). Atopic dermatitis (AD) was induced in BALB/c mice by spreading 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to the dorsal skin area. The production of IL-4 and total IgE of the SFWE treated group was significantly less than the DNCB only group. On the other hand, the production of the IFN-γ of SFWE treated group was greater than that of the DNCB only group. In addition, SFWE alleviated the AD symptoms when compared to the DNCB only group and reduced the epidermal thickness and the number of mast cells in histological analysis. In conclusion, these results suggest that the application of SFWE has an anti-atopic activity through the modulation of IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines, and the total IgE in DNCB-induced BALB/c mice. Therefore, SFWE can be utilized with atopic disease therapies.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.94-106
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• 2019

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Gwakhyangjeonggi-san(GJS) on atopic dermatitis(AD) induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB) in mice. Methods : The mice(Balb/c mice) were divided into three groups; normal Balb/c mice with oil treatment(Sham group), DNCB-induced AD mice(AD group), and GJS treated AD mice(GJS group). GJS group were orally administered GJS daily for 2 weeks. We observed changes of clinical skin severity score, the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP), interleukin(IL)-4 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$ in skin and mast cell infiltration. Also, serum immunoglobulinE(IgE), IL-4, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 were evaluated. Results : The clinical skin severity score of GJS group was decreased compared to AD group. In hematoxylin and eosin staining results, GJS group showed a significant reduction of epithelial skin thickness. In addition, expression of TSLP and mast cell infiltration in skin were also reduced by GJS treatment compared to those of AD group. Thus, we evaluated expression of IL-4, Th2-dependent cytokine, and $TNF-{\alpha}$, pro-inflammatory cytokine in skin. GJS significantly reduced both IL-4 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ compared to AD mice. Moreover, levels of IgE, IL-4, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 in plasma also significantly decreased by oral GJS treatment. Conclusion : The present study suggests that GJS can significantly reduced symptoms of AD, therefore it can be a promising candidate for anti-atopic dermatitis treatment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.508-517
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of Hangryunhaedocktang (HHT) on epidermal damages induced by allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The sensitization were caused by one application of $25{\mu}l$ of 5% 2,4-dinitroch1orobenzene (DNCB) onto a back-lumbar skin of BALB/c mice. 2 weeks later, ACD was elicitated with $4{\mu}l$ of 2.5% DNCB and then mice were given HHT extract in doses of 3.3ml/kg/day, for 72 hours. The ACD induced epidermal damages in HHT treated ACD mice was more mitigated than non-treated ACD elicited mice. The features related with epidermal damage such as epidermal hyperplasia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, increase of nuclear shrinkages and vacuolation, and enlargement of intercellular space softened. And the distribution of soybean agglutinin (SBA) positive reaction in stratum spinosum (SS) and stratum basale (SB) were similarly maintained in a normal configuration. The numerical decrease of BrdU, TUNEL, and Fas positive cells observed were prominent in SB. Results suggest a benefit role for HHT in mitigating epidermal damages in mice with allergic contact dermatitis.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2003

Allergic contact dermatitis may be caused by a wide variety of chemicals. A murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been developed as an alternative to guinea pig models for assessing the contact sensitization potential of chemical. However, there is a need to develop a nonradioisotopic endpoint for the LLNA, because of the radioisotopic method's requiring the use of special facilities. In this study, we investigated the development of a nonradioisotopic endpoint for LLNA using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Female Balb/c mice were treated by the topical application on the dorsum of both ears with four different strong sensitizers, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), oxazolone (OXZ), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and trimellitic anhydride (TMA), and a strong irritant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), once daily for three consecutive days. The proliferation of cells in the auricular Iymph node was analyzed by means of the labelling index (Ll) of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into cells. The weights of the Iymph nodes in the mice treated with allergens, DNCB, OXZ, TDl and TMA were increased compared to the vehicle control. The stimulation index (Sl) of mice treated with DNCB, OXZ, TDl, and TMA was over three-fold increase compared to the vehicle control. However, the S1 of mice exposed to SLS was not significantly increased compared to the vehicle control, while the lymph node weight of SLS was significantly increased. These results suggest that the LLNA modified endpoint using ELISA based on BrdU incorporation could provide a useful method of screening for irritants and allergens.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2015

This study investigated the clinical parameters of atopic dermatitis and evaluated the inhibitory effects of Black currant seed oil for atopic dermatitis by using a Dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB) induced BALB/c mice model. Five-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: normal group (N, non-treated), control group (C, atopic dermatitis-induced), positive control group (PC, Tacrolimus ointment-treated against induced atopic dermatitis, PC), experiment group (E, Black currant seed oil-treated against induced atopic dermatitis). After induction of atopic dermatitis by DNCB, the erythema, edema, eschar, and scratching were severely observed. The symptoms of atopic dermatitis were improved after 2 weeks, and almost disappeared after 4 weeks in PC and E group. The increased frequencies of scratching in C group were decreased in PC and E group. Transepidermal water loss, erythema index and serum IgE level were significantly decreased in E and PC compared to that in C after 4 weeks of the treatment. The results indicated that Black currant seed oil can relieve atopic dermatitis symptoms effectively, and may be possibly used as a functional material for suppression of atopic dermatitis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

Objectives : HRHDT has been known as a useful prescription with antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and immunosuppressive activity. To evaluate anti-atopic dermatitis effect of HRHDT, we treated HRHDT in NC/Nga mice model skin induced contact hypersensitivity. Methods : Contact hypersensitivity, a local inflammatory response of skin, was induced by spreading the back skin of NC/Nga mice with 0.4${\sim}$1% DNCB. HRHDT was prepared by dissolving 3% HRHDT in solution and treated 3 weeks on the back skin. Results : HRHDT significantly reduced TEWL and erythema by 0.4${\sim}$1% of DNCB treatment compared to control group. HRHDT also reduced IgE on serum obtained from blood of DNCB-treated mice. Conclusions : These results showed that HRHDT could be used as a pharmaceutical material with anti-atopic dermatitis effect by reducing IgE in contact, hypersensitivity atopic dermatitis NC/Nga mice model by DNCB.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.39-49
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• 2013

Objectives In the theory of Korean medicine, rice straw (RS) has been used effectively as treatments for dyspepsia, diarrhea, enteritis, inflammatory epigastric diseases and various dermatitis. However, the theory has not been studied intensively yet about anti-inflammatory effects for human. This study was to investigate effects of RS for a treatment of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobezene (DNCB) in mice. Methods In this experiment, effects of RS were investigated on changes in body weights, dorsum skin thickness, clinical aspects on the dorsum skin, spleen and body weight among these four groups; normal group (NOR), control group (CON), RS spread group (RSS) and RS spread and administer group (RSS+Adm). In addition, the effects on proliferations of splenocytes were also investigated in vitro and in vivo study. Results RSS group and RSS+Adm group showed increasing in body weights, diminished dorsum skin thickness and treated dermatitis on dorsum skin. In RSS+Adm group, spleen weights were lowered significantly compared to CON group. Conclusions In conclusion, these data suggest that RS can decrease symptoms of ACD significantly, and it shows the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effect as well. Therefore, RS can be useful to treat patients with ACD.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.579-589
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• 2014

Atopic dermatitis (AD) syndrome is one of the most common and severe skin diseases in Korea; a large population has this disease. We examined the effects of the extract from the leaf and sprig of Camellia sinensis on the development of AD by using NC mice as a model of atopic dermatitis. Oral administration of the extract to NC/Nga mice treated with 2,4?dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions as shown by a significant decrease in the skin symptoms of the disease and a decrease in ear thickness and levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and thymus-and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) level in the skin. Administration of the extract markedly suppressed the DNCB-induced mRNA expression of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$). The findings suggest that transdermal application of the extract may modulate in the skin of NC/Nga mice. The extract was effective for the prevention and treatment of AD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1611-1618
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Eriobotrya japonica and Saurus chinensis extracts and their fermented extracts on immune parameters in BALB/c mice treated with 1% 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The groups were Eriobotrya japonica extract (BI), Saurus chinensis extract (SA), mixture with E. japonica extract and S. chinensis extract (FB) and fermented mixture with E. japonica extract and S. chinensis extract (FA) and distilled water treated control. The level of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E was decreased in FA compared to control group, but significant difference was not observed (p<0.05). The histamine and contents in FA and control group were $1.47{\pm}0.20$ ng/mL and $1.90{\pm}0.04$ ng/mL, respectively (p<0.05). Ceramide contents were significantly increased in FA compared to BI, SA, FB and control group (p<0.05). These results suggest that FA supplementation in the DNCB treated BALB/c mice affect anti-allergic activities positively, and may be used as functional material for suppression of atopy dermatitis in food industry.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.94-99
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• 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by itchy and age-dependent lesions. Previous studies have shown that pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) significantly improved chronic ulcers and ununited fractures, providing an evidence for the application of PEMF in resolving inflammation caused by AD. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of PEMF on DNCB-induced AD in animal models. Five male hairless mice (6 weeks old) per group were assigned to a normal group, a sham group, and two PEMF groups (15Hz, 75Hz). Mice were treated with 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to induce uniform AD among all groups excluding a normal group. To examine the inflammatory progress and the improvement of AD after the PEMF stimulation, images are taken with various cameras for non-invasive evaluation and the results are expressed using principal component analysis (PCA) for visualization. The results of this study demonstrated that PEMF effectively improved skin lesions without the use of drugs.