• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.322-327
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• 2013

The genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of eleven herbaceous peonies grown in Korea were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Twenty-four decamer RAPD primers were used in a comparative analysis of these Korean peony species. Of the 142 total RAPD fragments amplified, 124 (87.3%) were found to be polymorphic. The remaining 18 fragments were found to be monomorphic (12.7%) shared by individuals of all 11 peony species. Cluster analysis based on the presence or absence of bands was performed by Jaccard's similarity coefficient, based on Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages. Genetic similarity range was 0.39 to 0.90 with a mean of 0.64. This study offered a rapid and reliable method for the estimation of variability among different peony species which could be utilized by the breeders for further improvement of the local peony species. Also, the results propose that the RAPD marker technique is a useful tool for evaluation of genetic diversity and relationship amongst different peony species.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2008

Marine fisheries are important natural resources and must be maintained, especially fish species that are important sources of food. Despite the increase in stocking programs to maintain fisheries with artificially raised fish, the genetic impact stocking has on the wild fry population has not been addressed. Genetic variation in rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus, within and between wild-caught parents and the $F_1$ generation produced by them in 1 day was assayed using nine highly variable micro satellite markers. The nine micro satellite loci used in this study displayed diverse polymorphisms, and in total, 98 different alleles were observed over all loci. Differences in genetic variability of the $F_1$ offspring compared to their wild-caught parents (brood stock) were observed in terms of allele frequency, gene diversity, and heterozygosity. Although the $F_1$ generation of rock bream was missing 16% of the micro satellite alleles, no significant reduction was found in mean heterozygosity of the $F_1$ population compared to the brood stock. Eight of nine loci showed significant Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) deviations in the $F_1$ population, while the brood stock deviated from HWE at three micro satellite loci (KOF85, KOF360 and KOF374). These deviations showed mostly a deficit of heterozygotes. Our results provide evidence for genetic differences in the $F_1$ hatchery offspring compared to their wild-caught parents and reinforce the need for a series of consecutive egg collections to avoid the loss of genetic variability. This also further underscores the importance of monitoring genetic variability of hatchery populations for the conservation of natural rock bream resources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1535-1539
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• 2003

Four microsatellite DNA loci BM1818, BM1258, BM1443 and BM1905 associated with the somatic cell counts (SCC) in cow milk were analyzed for genetic variation in 240 Beijing Holstein cows. The PCR amplified products of microsatellites DNA were detected by non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The number of alleles for BM1818, BM1258, BM1443 and BM1905 were 4, 5, 8 and 6 in Beijing Holstein cows, respectively. The allele size ranges for BM1818, BM1258, BM1443 and BM1905 were 274 bp to 286 bp, 92 bp to 106 bp, 154 bp to 170 bp and 187 bp to 201 bp, respectively. The polymorphism information content/effective number of alleles/heterozygosity for BM1818, BM1258, BM1443 and BM1905 were 0.3869/1.7693/0.4348, 0.5923/2.9121/0.6566, 0.7114/3.9012/0.7437 and 0.5921/2.8244/0.6459. These data showed the microsatellite DNA locus BM1443 has the highest variability, followed by BM1258, BM1905 and BM1818. The results of the least squares means analysis showed as follows: the least squares mean of SCC for BM1818 284 bp/284 bp was significantly lower than that for BM1818 286 bp/286 bp (p<0.05). The least squares mean of SCC for BM1258 100 bp/100 bp was significantly lower than that for BM1258 102 bp/102 bp, 106 bp/106 bp, 106 bp/104 bp, 106 bp/102 bp, 106 bp/100 bp, 104 bp/100 bp (p<0.05). The least squares mean of SCC for BM1443 166 bp/160 bp and 166 bp/166 bp was significantly lower than that for BM1443 170 bp/160 bp, 160 bp/157 bp, 165 bp/160 bp (p<0.05). The least squares mean of SCC for BM1905 187 bp/187 bp was significantly lower than that for BM1905 197 bp/195 bp, 193 bp/187 bp (p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1234-1239
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• 2006

Murrah and NiliRavi are the important North Indian buffalo breeds occupying the prominent position of being the highest milk producers. These breeds are more or less similar at morphological as well as physiological levels. The technique of RAPD-PCR was applied in the present study to identify a battery of suitable random primers to detect genetic polymorphism, elucidation of the genetic structure and rapid assessment of the differences in the genetic composition of these two breeds. A total of 50 random primers were screened in 24 animals each of Murrah and NiliRavi buffaloes to generate RAPD patterns. Of these, 26 (52%) primers amplified the buffalo genome generating 263 reproducible bands. The number of polymorphic bands for the 26 chosen RAPD primers varied from 3 (OPG 06 and B4) to 26 (OPJ 04) with an average of 10.1 bands per primer and size range of 0.2 to 3.2 kb. DNA was also pooled and analyzed to search for population specific markers. Two breed specific RAPD alleles were observed in each of Murrah (OPA02 and OPG16) and NiliRavi (OPG09) DNA pools. RAPD profiles revealed that 11 (4.2%) bands were common to all the 48 individuals of Murrah and NiliRavi buffaloes. Pair-wise band sharing calculated among the individual animals indicated considerable homogeneity of individuals within the breeds. Within breed, band sharing values were relatively greater than those of interbreed values. The low genetic distance (Nei's) value (0.109) estimated in this study is in accordance with the origin and geographical distribution of these breeds. The RAPD analysis indicated high level of genetic similarity between these two important North Indian buffalo breeds.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 1996

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis was applied to detect the molecular polymorphisms in Gentiana scabra var. buergeri. A high level of molecular variability was found among wild plants and cultivars. In genetic analysis, eight of twenty primers were selected and 54 amplification products ranged 2. 2 to 0.2 kb were compared. Twenty - nine amplified products showed polymorphic, while five were monomorphic. Twenty of line specific bands were found. In genetic similarity and cluster analysis using PCR products, three wild plants collected from Naejangsan, Daedunsan and Keojedo and one cultivar Seochunjaerae were grouped into one cluster, while cultivar Jinbujaerae and Japanese line separated into another clusters, respectively. The identification of DNA polymorphisms by the RAPD technique will facilitate the selection of the lines from different origin.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2005

Two bacterial isolates obtained from rotifer and diseased olive flounder larvae, Paralichthys olivaceus, were identified as Vibrio ichthyoenteri based on the results of phenotypic characterization. In an attempt to develop rapid PCR method for the detection of V. ichthyoenteri, we examined the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region(ISR) of V. ichthyoenteri and developed species-specific primer for V. ichthyoenteri. Analysis of the ISR sequences showed that V. ichthyoenteri contains one type of polymorphic ISRs. The size of ISRs was 348 bp length and did not contain tRNA genes. Mutiple alignment of representative sequences from different V. species revealed several domains of high sequence variability, and allowed to design species-specific primer for detection of V. ichthyoenteri. The specificity of the primer was examined using genomic DNA prepared from 19 different V. species, isolated 18group Vibrio species and most similar sequence of other known Vibrio species. The results showed that the PCR reaction using species-specific primer designed in this study can be used to detect V. ichthyoenteri.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.156-162
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• 2008

Five microsatellite DNA markers were used to investigate genetic diversity and population structure of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus collected from four locations (YD, SC, GJ, WD) where hatchery-based seeds of the flounder have been released. The average of observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.833 to 0.871, and from 0.842 to 0.876, respectively. The average number of alleles per locus ranged from 12.4 to 17.8. The proportion of stocked flounder ranged from 20.0% to 95.8% for wild-caught populations with a decreasing tendency of alleles per locus following a higher proportion of stocked flounder. There is need to implement a more careful stock-enhancement program of hatchery-based seeds and to monitor its genetic effects on wild populations to ensure conservation of natural flounder resources.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.676-681
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• 2002

Different types of transcripts encoding growth hormone (GH) were identified from cDNA libraries constructed with pituitaries of a marine fish species, greenling (Hexagrammos otakii). GH-homologous cDNA clones were isolated using the high-density filter hybridization and the expressed sequence tag techniques. Of 39 full-length positive cDNA clones, 31 clones ($79\%$) displayed an identical sequence, however, remaining 8 clones exhibited several polymorphisms in their sequences including (1) the length and sequence variability in the 5' upstream region, (2) insertional sequences in open reading frame, and (3) deletion and/or single nucleotide polymorphism in the untranslated 3' region. Based on RT-PCT and RNA dot blot analyses, these transcripts were proven to be expressed in a pituitary-specific manner.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 2004

Genetic variation is the basis of crop improvement. Limited genetic diversity in a crop species may restrict the amount of genetic improvement that can be achieved through plant breeding. Soybean is one of the world's most important crops. A potential source of genetic variability for the cultivated soybean is the wild species G. soja Sieb. ＆amp; Zucc. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis is a PCR-based technique, which can detect a 10-fold greater nubmer of loci than other DNA marker analysis. Twenty cultivated soybeans and two-hundred wild soybeans were used to determine genetic vatiations by AFLPs and evaluate the usefulness of AFLPs as DNA markers. Six-hundred and ten fragments were detected with an average of 56 AFLP fragments produced per primer in a total of 11 AFLP primer pairs. The number of polymorphic loci detected per primer ranged from 7 to 20 and the polymorphism was greater in wild than in cultivated soybean. F$_2$ segregation analysis of four AFLP fragments in combination of Hwaeomputkong ${\times}$ PI 417479 indicated that they segregate as stable Mendelian loci with 3 : 1. This results strongly suggest that the AFLP analysis is a good technique for the detection of genetic polymorphism in a wide plant species.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.468-473
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• 2005

The coastal regions of Yeosu, the South Sea of Korea, has occurred annually the red tide which is caused by potentially ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate C. polykrikoides, with a wide avenue for exchange with oceanic waters and freshwater runoff from Sumjin river. We attempted to examine the variability in response to vertical migration and concentration of extracted DNA/RNA of C. polykrikoides exposed to salinity-stratified waters. The experimental aquarium of the 60 liter was employed to culture C. polykrikoides. One aquarium was supplied with only sea water, the other was consisted of sea water and freshwater. Experiment was conducted for 5 days. In experimental column (mixture of freshwater and sea water), salinity was maintained to 20 at upper and approximately 30 at bottom during the period of this study. The fluctuation with related to dissolved oxygen and pH was similar pattern to both columns. Chlorophyll a was significantly higher value at upper than bottom. During 24h, chlorphyll a on experimental column was extremely high on the top as soon as lighting, compared with control. With elapsed time, the gap between experimental and control columns was a little. In darkness, chlorophyll a was not significantly different between upper and bottom, most cells appeared to randomly distribute on column regardless of water layer. Fluctuation with related to concentration of extracted DNA and RNA based on ratio of absorbance of 260 and 280 nm in experimental column was higher at final day or diel migration than control. These results implied that a large volume of freshwater could be associated with influence of concentration of DNA and RNA, in particular, rapid upward movement caused massive fish kills as soon as sunset.