• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7505-7513
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• 2014

Several toxic substances have been detected in plants which are responsible for animal and human diseases. Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) is one example, widely distributed in many parts of the world. It is known to cause cancer in humans and other animals. In fact, man can be directly or indirectly exposed to the danger by consuming fern, contaminated water, milk, meat, and spore inhalation. Experimental studies have shown an association between bracken exposure and gastric cancer, and research has shown genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in vitro. This paper describes and reviews toxic, carcinogenic, genotoxic/cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory effects of bracken and included possible toxic agents. The chemistry of Ptaquiloside (PT) reactions is emphasized, along with bracken problems in livestock, possible pathways of exposure in man, and control for human health.

• Mycobiology
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

Msi1-like (MSIL) proteins, which are eukaryote-specific and contain a series of WD40 repeats, have pleiotropic roles in chromatin assembly, DNA damage repair, and regulation of nutrient/stress-sensing signaling pathways. In the fungal kingdom, the functions of MSIL proteins have been studied most intensively in the budding yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an ascomycete. Yet their functions are largely unknown in other fungi. Recently, an MSIL protein, Msl1, was discovered and functionally characterized in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, a basidiomycete. Interestingly, MSIL proteins appear to have redundant and unique roles in both fungi, suggesting that MSIL proteins may have evolutionarily divergent roles in different parts of the fungal kingdom. In this review, we will describe the current findings regarding the role of MSIL proteins in fungi and discuss future directions for research on this topic.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2001

Dried parts of the herb medicines are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Heracleum moellendorffii cordata has often been sold instead of Aralia cordata in herbal medicine markets. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop the key for discrimination between them using the RAPD analysis and morphological characteristics. Thirty decarmer oligonucleotide primers were screened for the RAPD analysis, and four primers generated distinct RAPD markers specific to Aralia cordata, Angelica pubescens maxim f. biserrata, and Heracleum moellendorffii. The specific RAPD patterns generated by the selected primers were reproducible from dried materials. In comparison of morphological characteristics, Aralia cordata seems to be entirely developed in xylem fiber, but not developed in pith.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.6-9
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• 2010

In continuing our search for biologically active compounds from Korean Compositae medicinal plants, we investigated the constituents of the aerial parts of Lactuca indica L. and isolated a phenylpropanoid derivative from its MeOH extract. The chemical structure was characterized by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR to be di-E-caffeoyl-meso-tartaric acid (1). Compound 1 was isolated for the first time from this plant. In this paper, we suggest that the NMR assignment at C-2 of (+)-taraxafolin-B should be corrected. In the human HBV-transfected liver cell line HepG2.2.15, the compound 1 effectively reduced HBV DNA level in the release of mature HBV particles from HepG2.2.15 cultivation.

• 식물병연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

Xylella fastidiosa is the most damaging pathogen in many parts of the world. To increase diagnostic capability of X. fastidiosa in the field, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were developed to mqsA gene of citrate-synthase (XF 1535) X. fastidiosa and evaluated for specificity and sensitivity. Both assays were more robust than current published tests for detection of X. fastidiosa when screened against 16 isolates representing the four major subgroups of the bacterium from a range of host species. No cross reaction with DNA from healthy hosts or other species of bacteria has been observed. The LAMP and PCR assays could detect 10-4 pmol and 100 copies of the gene, respectively. Hydroxynaphthol blue was evaluated as an endpoint detection method for LAMP. There was a significant color shift that signaled the existence of the bacterium when at least 100 copies of the target template were present.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2024

Anthracnose fruit rot (AFR) has been observed in greenhouses during the harvesting period in the Chungnam Province of South Korea. Fruits infected inside the greenhouse show black or brown spots, orange conidial masses and in some areas of the infected parts, white fungal growths are visible. The size of these spots gradually expands, leading to the necrosis of the fruits and flowers. Three isolates were obtained from infected fruits and identified as strains of the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex based on morphological characteristics. Multilocus sequence analysis of actin, chitin synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes, and internal transcribed spacer rDNA regions revealed that the isolates belong to a monophyletic group with the type strain of C. nymphaeae. This is the first time C. nymphaeae has been confirmed in strawberry fruit in Korea.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.246-250
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• 2017

2015년 9월 경상남도농업기술원 시험연구포장에 재배중인 녹두에서 흰비단병 증상이 발생하였다. 병징은 녹두의 줄기 지제 부위가 수침상으로 물러지고 부패되어 서서히 시들면서 포기 전체가 말라 죽었다. 줄기의 병반부와 토양 표면에 흰색의 곰팡이가 발생하며 갈색의 작은 둥근 균핵을 많이 형성하였다. 감자한천배지에서 균총은 흰색이고 잘 자라며 배양기간이 경과됨에 따라 갈색의 작은 둥근 균핵을 많이 형성하였다. 균핵의 크기는 1~3 mm이며 균사의 폭은 $4{\sim}9{\mu}m$였다. 균사 생육과 균핵 형성 적온은 $30^{\circ}C$이었다. 균사 특유의 clamp connection이 관찰되었다. 녹두에서 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징, internal transcribed spacer rDNA 염기서열 비교분석 결과를 토대로 이 병을 Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo에 의한 녹두 흰비단병으로 명명하고자 제안한다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2011

Background and Objective : Radiation resistance(RR) is one of main determinants of treatment outcome in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC), but accurate prediction of RR is difficult. We aim to establish RR OSCC cell lines and identify genes related with RR by a measurement of altered gene expression after inducing RR. Material and Methods : OSCC cell lines, SCC15, SCC25 and QLL1, were treated with 2Gy radiation per session, and parts of them were alive in finally accumulated dosage of 60Gy through 30 times repetition of radiotherapy for inducing RR cell lines. We compared results of cDNA array and proteomics in non-radiated cell lines and RR cell lines to detect changes of gene expression. Western blot was used for the validation of results. Results : cDNA array revealed 265 commonly up-regulated genes and 268 commonly down-regulated genes in 3 RR cell lines comparing their non-radiated counterpart. Among them, 30 cancer related genes were obtained. Proteomics showed 51 commonly altered protein expressions in 3 RR cell lines and 18 cancer related proteins were obtained. Among the detected genes, we found NM23-H1 and PA2G4 were over-expressed in both cDNA array and proteomics. Western blot showed increased expression of NME1 in RR cell lines but not in PA2G4. Conclusion: We concluded that NM23-H1 may be a candidate of RR related gene and over-expression of NM23-H1 could be a biomarker to predict RR in OSCC.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1229-1234
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• 2007

생 아귀와 마른 아귀를 부위별로 구분하여 여러 용매를 이용하여 추출물을 제조한 후 항산화 활성과 항유전독성 활성을 조사하였다. 아귀의 수분함량을 조사한 결과 생 아귀의 껍질, 살, 위 부분은 모두 85%이상의 수분을 함유하였으나, 간은 53.5%이었다. 마른 아귀의 경우 껍질 부위가 생것의 경우보다 21.2%가 낮은 66.7%이었고, 살 부위는 생것의 경우보다 7.9% 낮은 77.7%이었다. 추출수율은 마른 아귀 껍질 분쇄물 100 g으로부터 물을 이용하여 추출하였을 때 6.76g의 추출물이 얻어진 경우로 이 조건이 가장 수율이 높았다. 항산화 활성을 1, 20, 40 mg/L의 농도에서 측정하였을 때 라디칼 소거능, 환원력은 각각 농도에 의존하여 결과값이 향상되었으며, 라디칼 소거능에서는 생 아귀의 껍질, 살 및 위 부분과 말린 아귀의 껍질, 살에서는 모두 아세톤 추출물에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 한편, 생 아귀의 간부위에서는 메탄올 추출물과 물 추출물에서 높은 활성을 보였고, 에탄올과 아세톤 추출물에서도 비교적 높은 활성을 보였다. 환원력에서는 껍질, 살 및 위 부분에서 아세톤 추출물에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 생 아귀의 간부위에서는 모든 추출물에서 높은 환원력을 보였다. 그리고 다양한 아귀 추출물을 $50{\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 백혈구에 처리한 후 $H_2O_2\;200{\mu}M$의 농도로 DNA 손상을 유도한 결과 손상된 DNA tail 부분의 DNA함량을 측정한 % fluorescence in tail이 위의 메탄올, 아세톤 및 물 추출물을 제외하고는 각 부위의 모든 추출물에서 $H_2O_2$ 처리 양성대조구인 $32.1{\pm}6.7%$에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 한편, 추출용매별로 아귀 각 부위의 항유전독성 효과를 비교한 결과 메탄올, 에탄올, 물 추출물은 부위에 따른 항유전독성효과의 차이가 없었으나, 아세톤 추출물의 경우 마른 살이 위에 비해 DNA손상정도가 유의적으로 낮았다. 따라서 이번 연구결과는 생리활성 물질을 탐색함에 있어서 해양생물이 중요한 천연자원이 될 수 있다는 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.967-972
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• 2018

최근 우리나라 연안에서 출현빈도가 점차 늘어나고 있는 침편모조류에 속하는 Chattonella는 대표적인 유해조류 중 하나로, 이들 종은 세포벽이 없어, 단순히 세포의 형태나 크기 등 광학현미경 관찰만으로는 정확하게 동정하는 것이 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2017년 득량만에서 발생한 Chattonella 적조 시료를 대상으로 단일 세포를 분리하고, 이들 시료의 28s rDNA, rbcL, psaA 영역을 대상으로 single-cell PCR 기법을 이용하여 종 동정을 실시하였다. 현미경 관찰 결과 장축은 평균 $74.0{\pm}10.1{\mu}m$이고 단축은 평균 $33.1{\pm}3.6{\mu}m$로 일반적인 Chattonella의 형태적 특징을 보였다. 28s rDNA, rbcL, psaA 영역을 대상으로 한 염기서열 비교 결과에서는 세 영역 모두에서 하나의 종으로 명확히 구분되지는 않았다. 하지만 C. marina, C. marina var. antiqua, C. marina var. ovata 그룹과 99~100 % 높은 서열 유사성을 보였다.