• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.453-467
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• 2018

The excavation performance and the cutting tool wear prediction of shield TBM are very important issues for design and construction in TBM tunneling. For hard-rock TBMs, CSM and NTNU model have been widely used for prediction of disc cutter wear and penetration rate. But in case of soft-ground TBMs, the wear evaluation and the excavation performance have not been studied in details due to the complexity of the ground behavior and therefore few testing methods have been proposed. In this study, a new soil abrasion and penetration tester (SAPT) that simulates EPB TBM excavation process is introduced which overcomes the drawbacks of the previously developed soil abrasivity testers. Parametric tests for penetration rate, foam mixing ratio, foam concentration were conducted to evaluate influential parameters affecting TBM excavation and also ripper wear was measured in laboratory. The results of artificial soil specimen composed of 70% illite and 30% silica sand showed TBM additives such as foam play a key role in terms of excavation and tool wear.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.129-139
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• 2009

Objectives : This study evaluated the effectiveness of school-based mental health screening and treatment linkage programs, focusing on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adolescent depression. Methods : All 11,158 children and adolescents aged 8-14 years in Seoul received a school-based mental health screening, consisting of the Korean versions of the ADHD rating scale and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), for ADHD, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-DS) and the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Junior (SIQ-JR), for depression. The high-risk children's and adolescents' diagnoses were confirmed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV (DISC-IV). Treatment linkage programs were managed by the Seoul Metropolitan Community Mental Health Center (Program 1), the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education (Program 2), or the Dongjak District Office of Education (Program 3). We estimated and compared the referral rates of the three programs. Results : Program 1 screened and referred 22.9% of ADHD youths to mental health services, Program 2, 68.8%, and Program 3, 40.0%. Program 1 screened and referred 22.8% of depressed youths to mental health services, Program 2, 53.8%, and Program 3, 88.9%. Key elements for successful screening and referral programs were an effective school/community mental health center/Office of Education network, the parents' financial support and perception of their child's mental health status as being problematic, and the teachers' active engagement. Conclusion : This is the first study investigating the effectiveness of school-based mental health screenings' linkage to treatment for primary and middle school students in Korea. An effective network for community mental health and improvements in parents' and teachers' perceptions regarding mental health are needed for more successful treatment linkage.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2009

Objectives: Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) often have difficulties in social behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a short-term training program for improving social skills, self-perception and attention deficits. Methods: The subjects were nine children diagnosed with ADHD with(or without) other mental disorders using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children(DISC-ADHD) module. Children were given eight sessions of a social skills training program. Parents of children simultaneously participated in their own training which was designed to support their children's generalization of skills. Assessments included child, parent and teacher ratings of social skills, self-perception and attention deficit at baseline and post-treatment. Results: Social skills training led to significant improvements in child-reported measures of self-esteem, in teacher reported measures of social skills, and in parent-reported measures of attention deficit. Conclusion: This study suggests that short-term social skills training programs for children with ADHD may improve their social skills, self-perception and attention deficits.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the practice patterns of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) doctors and the acceptance of payment model in order to develop a new TKM health insurance payment model linked with TKM clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Methods : Lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) and idiopathic facial palsy (IFP) were selected as a test diseases to develop a new TKM payment model. The level of benefit coverage in the National Health Insurance (NHI) was designed. The survey asked 228 TKM doctors about their practice patterns in HIVD and IFP patients and acceptance of new payment model. Results : Mean of medical cost for treatment of HIVD was 441,000 KW, mean of treatment period ranged from 4.9 to 17.5 weeks, and mean of number of treatment ranged from 14.6 to 50.4 HIVD patients. In the case of IFP, mean of medical cost for treatment of IFP was 468,000 KW, mean of treatment period was at least 4.2 and up to 15.9 weeks and mean of number of treatment ranged from 14.2 to 52 IFP patients. Conclusions : Current study suggests that mixed payment model of per-visit and episode-based model seem to be proper. The model 1 bundles both items which were covered and not covered by NHI in a rational way. The model 2 is based on the development and application of critical pathway. Lastly, model 3 suggests bundling of items covered by current NHI. Acceptance of TKM doctors is expected to be highest in the model 3.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2013

In order to evaluate the effect of conservative treatment for Temporomandibular Disorders(TMD), 137 patients were subjected at the Department of Oral Medicine, Pusan National University Dental Hospital from June 2012 to Sept. 2012. They were treated conservatively with behavioral therapy, physical therapy, medication and occlusal stabilizing splint therapy. Subjective symptoms and clinical findings were investigated to evaluate and compare the patients' status after 3 months treatment. The results were as follows; 1. Pain, Noise, LOM(Limitation of motion) and MCO(Maximum comfortable opening) measurements of TMD were markedly improved after conservative treatments including behavior therapy, physical therapy, medication and splint therapy. 2. There was no difference in treatment outcomes after conservative treatments when the subjects were classified and compared according to gender and chronicity. 3. Conservative treatment including stabilization splint produced better results than physical therapy with medication. 4. After 3 months of treatment, pain and LOM were significantly improved in the MD(Muscle disorder) group. Pain, LOM and noise were significantly improved in the DD(Disc displacements) group. In the OA(Osteoarthritis) group, pain, noise, LOM and MCO were significantly improved.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2009

PLGA microspheres have been known as an injectable system for tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to investigate the condition of emulsion formation and cell adhesion on the microsphere surface. BSA-loaded PLGA microsphere was fabricated by oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) solvent evaporation method. Sodium alginate was dissolved in water phase to control initial burst release and to improve lag time by PLGA bulk degradation. In addition, the morphology of cells attached on the micro spheres was studied using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cellular proliferation behavior of human disc cells cultivated on PLGA micro spheres was analyzed using a MTT assay. MTT assay revealed that the cells can attach and proliferate on PLGA microspheres. According to these results, we concluded that BSA -loaded alginate/PLGA microspheres can be used as an injectable system for tissue engineering application.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-76
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• 1994

Small area variations in health care utilization have long been studied as an important issue related to boto cost containment and quality assurance. This study was conducted to investigate if variations in hospital services across small geographic areas in Korea existed. The claims data of the fiscal year 1992 obtained from the regional health insurance societies were used for the study. Main findings of the research can be summarized as follows : 1. Extremal Quotients(EQ) of hospital expenditure per capita and hospital days per capita varied among diagnosis types. The EQ ranged from 2.05(cataract) to 41.67(pneumonia) in hospital expenditure per capita and from 1.86(cataract) to 45.89(pneumonia) in hospital days per capita. The diagnosis groups which showed high variation were pneumonia, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, gastritis and duodenitis, fracture of rib, and acute bronchitis. Those which showed low variation were acute appendicitis and cataract. 2. The EQ level of admission rate was different in terms of diagnosis types, ranging from 2.57(catarct) to 44.45(pneumonia). The variations were high in medical disorders such as pneumonia, oephalo-pelvic disproportion, gastritis and duodenitis and acute bronchitis, while relatively low in surgical conditions such as acute appendicitis and cataract. 3. As an indicator of service intensity, the EQ of expenditure per admission ranged from 1.67(acute appendicitis) to 31.27(essential hypertension). The diagnoses which had high variation were essential hypertension, gastric ulcer, whereas those which had low variation were cephalopelvic disproportion and acute appendicitis. With regard to hospital days per admission, the EQ ranged from 1.55(acute appendicitis) to 28.13(gastric ulcer) by diagnosis types. The diagnosis groups with showed high variation were gastric ulcer, essential hypertension, and acute bronchitis, whereas those with low variation were cephalo-pelvic disproportion, intervertebral disc disorders, and acute appendicitis. Both the expenditure and hospital days per admission showed lewwer variations than the expenditure per capita, hospital days per capita and admission rate. 4. Comparing patterns of variation in utilization indices, diagnoses such as essential hypertension, gastric ulcer, fracture of rib showed higher variations in expenditure per admission than in admission rates, whereas diagnoses such as pneumonia, cephalo-pelvic disproportion and gastric ulcer showed higher variations in admission rate than expenditure per admission. These findings suggest that wide variations existed in several diagnoses groups across small areas in Korea. Further research should be performed to investigate factors related to small area variations including provider behavior.

• 한국노년학
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.229-246
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in the personality type, diabetes-related distress, and diabetes self-management among older adults with type 2 diabetes. The data of 180 older adults was collected at S Senior Center from between August 14 and October 14, 2012. There were significant differences in self-management between individual personality types(p<.001). The self-management level was lower in the dominance personality type than in the steadiness and conscientiousness types. In particular, foot care subunit self-management was significantly lower in the dominance personality than in the other personality types(p<.001). Moreover, dominance personality was the most important factors influencing diabetes self-management negatively. Using hypoglycemic agent and drinking also influence on diabetes self-management negatively(modified R²=16%). Therefore, when we provide intervention to the older adults with type 2 diabetes, we should consider their personality type and check whether using hypoglycemic agent and drinking alcohol or not. Furthermore, we need to develop intervention program focus on the older adults with dominance personality type, using hypoglycemic agent and having drinking behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.131-142
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• 2002

The Langmuir adsorption isotherms of the under-potentially deposited hydrogen (UPD H) and the over-potentially deposited hydrogen (OPD H) at the poly-Pt/0.5M $H_2SO_4$ and 0.5 M LiOH aqueous electrolyte interfaces have been studied using cyclic voltammetric and ac impedance techniques. The behavior of the phase shift $(0^{\circ}{\leq}{-\phi}{\leq}90^{\circ})$ for the optimum intermediate frequency corresponds well to that of the fractional surface coverage $(1{\geq}{\theta}{\geq}0)$ at the interfaces. The phase-shift method, i.e., the phase-shift profile $({-\phi}\;vs.\;E)$ for the optimum intermediate frequency, can be used as a new electrochemical method to determine the Langmuir adsorption isotherms $({\theta}\;vs.\;E)$ of the UPD H and the OPD H for the cathodic $H_2$ evolution reactions at the interfaces. At the poly-Pt/0.5M $H_2SO_4$ aqueous electrolyte interface, the equilibrium constant (K) and the standard free energy $({\Delta}G_{ads})$ of the OPD H are $2.1\times10^{-4}$ and 21.0kJ/mol, respectively. At the poly-Pt/0.5M LiOH aqueous electrolyte interface, K transits from 2.7(UPD H) to $6.2\times10^{-6}$ (OPD H) depending on the cathode potential (E) and vice versa. Similarly, ${\Delta}G_{ads}$ transits from -2.5kJ/mol (UPD H) to 29.7kJ/mol (OPD H) depending on I and vice versa. The transition of K and ${\Delta}G_{ads}$ is attributed to the two distinct adsorption sites of the UPD H and the OPD H on the poly-Pt surface. The UPD H and the OPD H on the poly-Pt surface are the independent processes depending on the H adsorption sites themselves rather than the sequential processes for the cathodic $H_2$ evolution reactions. The criterion of the UPD H and the OPD H is the H adsorption sites and processes rather than the $H_2$ evolution reactions and potentials. The poly-Pt wire electrode is more efficient and useful than the Pt(100) disc electrode for the cathodic $H_2$ evolution reactions in the aqueous electrolytes. The phase-shift method is well complementary to the thermodynamic method rather than conflicting.