• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.91-104
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• 2022

The purpose of the present work is to study the parametric nonlinear vibration behavior of three layered symmetric laminated plate. In the analytical formulation; both normal and shear deformations are considered in the core layer by means of the refined higher-order zig-zag theory. Harmonic balance method in conjunction with Galerkin procedure is adopted for simply supported laminate plate, to obtain its natural and damping properties. For these aims, a set of complex amplitude equations governed by complex parameters are written accounting for the geometric nonlinearity and viscoelastic damping factor. The frequency response curves are presented and discussed by varying the material and geometric properties of the core layer.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.6
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• pp.239-266
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• 1994

In den 30er Jahren fing man an, sich Gedanken $\ddot{u}ber$ eine internationale Regelung der Rechtsstellung des Luftfahrtpersonals zu machen, um Konflikte zwischen den verschiedenen nationalen Gesetzgebungen hinsichtlich der Handlungen des Luftfahrtpersonals bei der Aus bung seiner Verrichtungen zu verhindern. Aber bisher gibt es keine ausreichende Erfolg. Aus dem Vorhergehenden ergibt sich, $da{\beta}$ eine internationale Regelung der Rechtsstellung des Personals der Zivilluftfahrt erw nscht $w\ddot{a}re$. In der Praxis wird dies jedoch wegen der verschiedenen Arbeitsgesetzgebungen und der anderen nationalen Bestimmungen schwer durchzuf hren sein. Weil aber das Luftfahrtpersonal, insbesondere das Flugpersonal, eine arbeits - und sozialrechtliche Sonderstellung einnimmt, $w\ddot{a}re$ es zu empfehlen, allgemeine internationale Richtlinie zu schaffen, welche in den nationalen $Gesamtarbeitsvertr\ddot{a}gen$ $n\ddot{a}her$ ausgearbeitet werden $k\hat{o}nnten$, sowohl $f\ddot{u}r$ das Kabinenpersonal als $f\ddot{u}r$ die Piloten. Ferner $d\ddot{u}rfte$ es dringend notwendig sein, die Haftpflicht des Kommandanten ausf hrlicher und einheitlicher zu regeln, weil die Intensivierung des Lufttransports und die Anzahl der Flugg ste $st\ddot{a}ndig$ zunehmen. Hinsichtlich der Befugnisse des Kommandanten im Faile von an Bord des Luftfahrzeuges begangenen strafbaren Handlungen gibt das Abkommen von Tokio einige Bestimmungen. Die zivilrechtlichen Aspekte seiner Stellung sind noch nicht festgelegt. Es $k\ddot{o}nnte$ bei internationalen Regelung eine Vorschrift aufgenommen werden, die es $erm\ddot{o}glicht$, einem anderen als dem Kommandanten aile Vollmachten zu erteilen. $Au{\beta}erdem$ $k\ddot{o}nnten$ Regelungen geschaffen werden, welche die Rolle der $\ddot{u}brigen$ Besatzung bei der $Unterst\ddot{u}zung$ des Kommandanten $n\ddot{a}her$ umschreiben. $K\hat{o}nnte$ eine internationale Regelung in diesen Punkten erzielt werden, so $w\ddot{a}re$ sowohl der Einheitlichkeit der Rechtsvorschriften als auch der Rechtssicherheit gedient.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1994

This study is carried out to develope parent education methodology by analysing "${\acute{E}}cole$ des Parents" of France. To study this subject we approach by following three methodes. Firstly, we examined bibliographes to find out motivation of initiative caused from hystological and sociological circumstance. Secondly, to analyse chronological developement and modification of "${\acute{E}}cole$ des Parents" we interviewed with three periods of persons : founder, developer and actually working animators. In addition, we riviewed three hundred eighty volumes of $\underline{{\acute{E}}cole\;des\;Parents}$, from first jurnals to october, 1993. Thirdly, this study were approached by participant observation in actual activities, and by analyse statstical records and subject of articals. In results, we noticed following caractors working in french parent education system. All the regional "${\acute{E}}cole$ des Parents" are alined with "$F{\acute{E}}d{\acute{E}}ration$ Nationale des ${\acute{E}}cole$ des Parents et des ${\acute{E}}ducateurs$"(F.N.E.PE.) in educational polish but activities and methodes of education are independant with F.N.E.P.E., and in most different regional "${\acute{E}}cole$ des Parents" focussed the educational programes to the middle class families in economic point of view. these programes adjust very rapidly systematicaly to social requirment due to successed intensive research. Mordern programs tend to contain all members of family in stead of targeting only maternal members. Methodes of education by lectures and speechs only to deliver information also replaced by discussion, forum and groop animation to induce self-correction. We propose that the systems of FNEPE can be ideal models to solve many actual problems facing in Korean parent education systemes.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.85-90
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• 2012

DES is a 64-bit binary, and each block is divided into units of time are encrypted through an encryption algorithm. The same key as the symmetric algorithm for encryption and decryption algorithms are used. Conversely, when decryption keys, and some differences may apply. The key length of 64 bits are represented by two ten thousand an d two 56-bit is actually being used as the key remaining 8 bits are used as parity check bits. The 64-bit block and 56-bit encryption key that is based on a total of 16 times 16 modifier and spread through the chaos is completed. DES algorithm was chosen on the strength of the password is questionable because the most widely available commercially, but has been used. In addition to the basic DES algorithm adopted in the future in the field by a considerable period are expected to continue to take advantage of the DES algorithm effectively measures are expected to be in the field note.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.75 no.2
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• pp.193-209
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• 2020

This paper presents a new hyperbolic shear deformation plate theory including the stretching effect for free vibration of the simply supported functionally graded plates in thermal environments. The theory accounts for parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strains and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. This theory has only five unknowns, which is even less than the other shear and normal deformation theories. The present one has a new displacement field which introduces undetermined integral variables. Material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent, and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume power laws of the constituents. The equation of motion of the vibrated plate obtained via the classical Hamilton's principle and solved using Navier's steps. The accuracy of the proposed solution is checked by comparing the present results with those available in existing literature. The effects of the temperature field, volume fraction index of functionally graded material, side-to-thickness ratio on free vibration responses of the functionally graded plates are investigated. It can be concluded that the present theory is not only accurate but also simple in predicting the natural frequencies of functionally graded plates with stretching effect in thermal environments.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.485-492
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• 2009

Estrogen has dramatic effects on the development and function of the reproductive tract in mammals. Although diethylstilbestrol (DES) triggers the development of reproductive organs in immature animals, continued exposure to DES induces dysfunction of the female reproductive tract in mice. To investigate the effects of neonatal estrogen exposure on the reproductive tract of female chickens, we implanted DES pellets into the abdominal region of immature female chicks and then examined the effects of DES on the oviducts of both immature chicks and sexually mature chickens (30 weeks old). DES induced mass growth and differentiation of the oviduct in immature chicks. The chick oviduct increased by 2.7- and 29-fold in length and weight, respectively, following primary DES stimulation. In secondary DES stimulation, the length and weight of the chick oviduct increased by 4.5- and 74-fold, respectively. Additionally, DES treatments caused abnormal development of the infundibulum and magnum in hen oviducts. Furthermore, infundibulum abnormality gave rise to unusual ovulation of follicles and resulted in infertility and dysfunction of the magnum, such as less production of egg white proteins. Our results indicate that DES exposure during early developmental stages in chickens has detrimental effects on the development and maintenance of the female reproductive tract after sexual maturation.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.585-612
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• 2004

Die vorliegende Arbeit bezieht sich auf die Probleme, ob eine Vereinbarung, in der einer der Parteien oder den beiden ein Wahlrecht zwischen ordentlichem Gericht und Schiedsgericht eingeraumt ist, als eine wirksame Schiedsvereinbarung anzusehen ist, wem das Wahlrecht zuzustehen ist und wie das Wahlrecht auszuuben ist. Im Hinblick auf diese Problematik stehen nicht nur in der Literatur sondern auch in der Praxis die Meinungen einander kontrar gegenuber. Die Wirksamkeit einer wahlweisen Vereinbarung zwischen Schiedsund Staatsgericht ergibt sich vor allem aus dem Wesen der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit, dem allgemeinen Personlichkeitsrecht i.V.m. Vertragsfreiheit und nicht zuletzt dem effektiven Rechtsschutz. Weil es fur das schiedsgerichtliche Verfahren wesentlich ist, dass es an die Stelle des sonst offenstehenden Verfahrens vor den Staatsgerichten tritt und nach dem Erlass des Schiedsspruchs die Beschreitung des ordentlichen Rechtswegs auszuschliessen ist, ist es erforderlich, den Parteien die Erledigung des Rechtsstreits auf verschiedene Weise zu gewahrleisten. Das tragt auch zum effektiven Rechtsschutz der Parteien bei. Ausserdem ist es nicht einzusehen, warum es rechtlich nicht moglich sein sollte, die Vertragsschliessenden sich gegenseitig das Wahlrecht zwischen Schiedsgericht und Staatsgericht einzuraumen. Die Vertragsfreiheit bzw. das allgemeine Personlichkeitsrecht gilt auch fur Schiedsvertrage. Wenn die Parteiautonomie im Privatrecht ihren Sinn behalten sollte, ist es notwendig, den Parteiwillen in dem wortlichen Ausdruck und in seinem Sinngehalt bestehen zu lassen. Damit steht fest, dass gegen die Einraumung eines Wahlrechts zwischen staatlichem Gericht und Schiedsgericht grundsatzlich keine Bedenken bestehen. Das Hauptproblem der wahlweisen Vereinbarung zwischen Schiedsund Staatsgericht liegt nicht in ihrer Wirksamkeit, vielmehr in den einzelnen Problemen hinsichtlich des Wahlrechts, namlich das Subjekt, die Art und Weise der Ausubung des Wahlrechts usw. Das Wahlrecht kann aufgrund der Parteivereinbarung nur einer Partei vorbehalten bleiben oder beiden eingeraumt werden. Anders als die Ansicht des hochsten Gerichtshofes ist von der Bindung der Partei an die Ausubung des Wahlrechts auszugehen, wenn die andere yon dem Wahlrecht Gebrauch macht. In bezug auf die Bindung bedarf es im Prinzip keiner erganzenden Vereinbarung, denn mit dem Verneinen dieser Bindung wurde zugleich das Wahlrecht selbst geleugnet. Ein Verbrauch des Wahlrechts ist anzunehmen, sobald die Klage vor dem staatlichen Gericht erhoben oder das Schiedsverfahren eingeleitet wurde. Steht das Wahlrecht nur einer Partei zu, ist es entsprechend §381 KBGB Frist zu setzen, nach deren fruchtlosem Ablauf das Wahlrecht ubergeht.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2013

Objectives: The goal of this study was to perform an economic analysis of a primary stenting with drug-eluting stents (DES) compared with bare-metal stents (BMS) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admitted through an emergency room (ER) visit in Korea using population-based data. Methods: We employed a cost-minimization method using a decision analytic model with a two-year time period. Model probabilities and costs were obtained from a published systematic review and population-based data from which a retrospective database analysis of the national reimbursement database of Health Insurance Review and Assessment covering 2006 through 2010 was performed. Uncertainty was evaluated using one-way sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results: Among 513 979 cases with AMI during 2007 and 2008, 24 742 cases underwent stenting procedures and 20 320 patients admitted through an ER visit with primary stenting were identified in the base model. The transition probabilities of DES-to-DES, DES-to-BMS, DES-to-coronary artery bypass graft, and DES-to-balloon were 59.7%, 0.6%, 4.3%, and 35.3%, respectively, among these patients. The average two-year costs of DES and BMS in 2011 Korean won were 11 065 528 won/person and 9 647 647 won/person, respectively. DES resulted in higher costs than BMS by 1 417 882 won/person. The model was highly sensitive to the probability and costs of having no revascularization. Conclusions: Primary stenting with BMS for AMI with an ER visit was shown to be a cost-saving procedure compared with DES in Korea. Caution is needed when applying this finding to patients with a higher level of severity in health status.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2016

Magnetic nano-based sorbents have been synthesized for the recovery of two rare earth elements (REE: Nd(III) and Yb(III)). The magnetic nano-based particles are synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal procedure involving co-precipitation under thermal conditions of Fe(III) and Fe(II) salts in the presence of chitosan. The composite magnetic/chitosan material is crosslinked with epichlorohydrin and modified by grafting alanine and serine amine-acids. These materials are tested for the binding of Nd(III) (light REE) and Yb(III) (heavy REE) through the study of pH effect, sorption isotherms, uptake kinetics, metal desorption and sorbent recycling. Sorption isotherms are well fitted by the Langmuir equation: the maximum sorption capacities range between 9 and 18 mg REE $g^{-1}$ (at pH 5). The sorption mechanism is endothermic (positive value of ${\Delta}H^{\circ}$) and contributes to increase the randomness of the system (positive value of ${\Delta}S^{\circ}$). The fast uptake kinetics can be described by the pseudo-second order rate equation: the equilibrium is reached within 4 hours of contact. The sub-micron size of sorbent particles strongly reduces the contribution of resistance to intraparticle diffusion in the control of uptake kinetics. Metal desorption using acidified thiourea solutions allows maintaining sorption efficiency for at least four successive cycles with limited loss in sorption capacity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.89 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

This article introduces a novel analytical model for examining the impact of porosity on shear correction factors (SCFs) in functionally graded porous beams (FGPB). The study employs uneven and logarithmic-uneven modified porosity-dependent power-law functions, which are distributed throughout the thickness of the FGP beams. Additionally, a modified exponential-power law function is used to estimate the effective mechanical properties of functionally graded porous beams. The correction factor plays a crucial role in this analysis as it appears as a coefficient in the expression for the transverse shear stress resultant. It compensatesfor the assumption that the shear strain is uniform across the depth of the cross-section. By applying the energy equivalence principle, a general expression for static SCFs in FGPBs is derived. The resulting expression aligns with the findings obtained from Reissner's analysis, particularly when transitioning from the two-dimensional case (plate) to the one-dimensional case (beam). The article presents a convenient algebraic form of the solution and provides new case studies to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed formulation. Numerical results are also presented to illustrate the influence of porosity distribution on SCFs for different types of FGPBs. Furthermore, the article validates the numerical consistency of the mechanical property changesin FG beams without porosity and the SCF by comparing them with available results.