• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.1105-1108
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• 2008

This paper investigated measures of spalling prevention and mechanism to secure stability of subjected to a fire circumstance. The results were summarized as following. 1) There were 4 kinds of methods for spalling prevention, such as declining percentage of water content and cement water ratio, isolating from high temperature with fire proof covering, giving lateral resistance stress, and discharging vapor pressure using fibers. 2) It was confirmed that methods using fibers to a new construction and fire proof covering to a existing construction on the basis of investigation for the spalling mechanism through the existing theory of spalling and a new theory of WPB.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

There are an increasing number of healthcare facilaties, especially branch offices, in rural areas to serve the aging population living there. However, there has been a gradual decline in the ratios of recognition, satisfaction and utilization by people who live in the regions. A significant reason of declining the ratios should be the population decline, but the most of population hierarchy shows the groups of elderly people over 60. This result appears to be limited to visit the public health centers. According to the result of population hierarchy, a branch office of public health center has been re-established as a complex welfare facility which can be fulfilled in the functions of basic medical supports and cultural supports. This research is focused on collecting the meaningful information of the status of physical facilities and utilization with 15branch offices of public health care centers in the rural regions near the city of Ik-San city. In addition, this research has a purpose of getting fundamental data for future architectural plans of the branch offices in rural regions with the results about the status of facility operation systems and users' needs.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.190-200
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• 2014

The domestic distribution environment of electronic goods has been placing more emphasis on securing each company's own interests and maintaining the existing customers as the most important purpose of marketing due to the change in consumption environment, the excessive cutthroat competition between retailers, the saturated number of branches for each company, weak revenue structure and declining competitiveness. In addition, the target of marketing has been shifted to specific consumers and the concept of a consumer is sub-divided into a "user" of a product and a "shopper" who buys a product. The purpose thereof is to increase the in-store purchase rate by analyzing the psychology and behavior of a shopper who actually visits a store for purchasing a product. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between the buying behavior of a shopper and product display based on "Digital Plaza" among the domestic electronic goods brand shops, which is selling products at various prices. This study is meaningful since it is utilized as data to plan store display for promoting purchase.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2005

The main purpose of this study is to prepare an outline for developing of the module-type text-book system on the customize curriculum management and Contents Systems that achieve self-study systems to make the students adopt themselves into new study atmosphere and maximize the result of study on Osan college in Electric-Electronic field. Questionnaire posed to analyze the demand of teaching materials to the students, and professors and also to find characteristics of students in Osan college. The SPSSWIN/PC+ statistics package was used to assay the collected answers. And simple frequency with percentage, average, and standard deviation were calculated to check the entire trend and actual state of teaching. Therefore, the improvement of the existing teaching materials was demanded while the fundamental ability to study of general students is declining. Consequently, it is necessary to introduce new teaching materials which are simple, easy, and organized to offer the students study desire and interest.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

This paper has studied the impacts of the exchange rate, government debt as a percent of GDP and other relevant macroeconomic variables on aggregate output in the Philippines. A simultaneous-equation model consisting of aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply is applied. The dummy variable technique is employed to detect whether the slope and intercept of the real effective exchange rate may have changed. Real depreciation during 1998.Q1 - 2006.Q3, real appreciation during 2006.Q4 - 2016.Q1, a lower domestic debt as a percent of GDP, a lower real interest rate, a higher stock price or a higher lagged real oil price would raise aggregate output. Recent trends of real peso appreciation, declining domestic debt as a percent of GDP, lower real interest rates, and rising stock prices are in line with the empirical results and would promote economic growth. The authorities may need to continue to pursue fiscal prudence and maintain a stronger peso as the positive effect of real appreciation dominates its negative effect in recent years.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2013

Members of the colony stimulating factor cytokine family play important roles in macrophage activation and recruitment to inflammatory lesions. Among them, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is known to be associated with immune response to mycobacterial infection. However, the mechanism through which Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) affects the expression of GM-CSF is poorly understood. Using PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells, we found that MTB infection increased GM-CSF mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Induction of GM-CSF mRNA expression peaked 6 h after infection, declining gradually thereafter and returning to its basal levels at 72 h. Secretion of GM-CSF protein was also elevated by MTB infection. The increase in mRNA expression and protein secretion of GM-CSF caused by MTB was inhibited in cells treated with inhibitors of p38 MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK-1), and PI3-K. These results suggest that up-regulation of GM-CSF by MTB is mediated via the PI3-K/MEK1/p38 MAPK-associated signaling pathway.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.413-431
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• 2020

Luxury fashion brands have begun to aggressively introduce art to justify inherent values such as tradition, craftsmanship, and exclusivity that make it difficult for luxury brands to uphold awe-inspiring atmosphere. Artification refers to a process in which non-artistic factors are transformed into art or artistic category under the influence of artistic thoughts or actions. In addition, the consumption space provided by brands have become important as the importance of substantial shopping experience has increased. Especially, since the artification is actively utilized in flagship stores in the communication interface with consumers. This study uses a literature review and case studies to typify and derive the meaning of the method for artification at a flagship store that effectively conveys brand identity and value. The types of artification at a luxury fashion brand flagship store are divided into pursuing brand permanency and maintaining brand exclusivity that also provides a new value of permanency like a work of art to a luxury fashion brand. Basic values, such as scarcity are declining, reviving and justifying the value threatened by the popularization of luxury.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.563-564
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• 2010

A Numerical analysis of preventing pressure oscillation for the supersonic inlet of IRR at the boosting mode was conducted in this study. To reduce the fluctuation of pressure, the supersonic inlet was equipped with annular slit. By decreasing the entrained air mass, the amplitude of fluctuation and maximum pressure at the inlet were decreased while the frequency was increased. In case, the optimal trade-off value is obtained between frequency and amplitude, it is expected that the pressure oscillation declining method using the slit will be helpful in various boosting and transition mode problem for IRR.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 2012

All contemporary seismic Codes have adopted smooth design acceleration response spectra, which have derived by statistical analysis of many elastic response spectra of natural accelerograms. The above smooth design spectra are characterized by two main branches, an horizontal branch that is 2.5 times higher than the peak ground acceleration, and a declining parabolic branch. According to Eurocode EN/1998, the period range of the horizontal, flat branch is extended from 0.1 s, for rock soils, up to 0.8 s for softer ones. However, from many natural recorded accelerograms of important earthquakes, the real spectral amplification factor appears to be much higher than 2.5 and this means that the spectrum leads to an unsafe seismic design of the structures. This point is an issue open to question and it is the object of the present study. In the present paper, the spectral amplification factor of the smooth design acceleration spectra is re-calculated on the grounds of a known "reliability index" for a desired probability of exceedance. As a pilot scheme, the seismic area of Greece is chosen, as it is the most seismically hazardous area in Europe. The accelerograms of the 82 most important earthquakes, which have occurred in Greece during the last 38 years, are used. The soil categories are taken into account according to EN/1998. The results that have been concluded from these data are compared with the results obtained from other strong earthquakes reported in the World literature.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1651-1661
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to draw up a plan for improving working conditions of distant water fishing vessel crew in order to revitalize the declining distant water fishing industry. Land-based employment has increased as the result of industrialization, which in turn created shortage in marine crew supply for distant water fishing vessels. Pressure on increasing wages for sea farers is put on the industry for this reason, making the labour market in the distant water fishing industry tougher and tighter. Multiple issues have yet to be addressed for distant water fishing vessel crew. They suffer from excessive work compared to other industries. Crew management is another issue, as sea farers face poor labour conditions, working on board vessels in a collective way where no autonomous actions are allowed. Other issues include unqualified crew supply, increasing ratio of labour costs for crew to sales, and intensified implications of labour unions, which are as well making crew supply difficult as a whole. To this end, more well-qualified workers should take part in production operations in the distant water fishery. Both wage increase and working condition improvement should be achieved in order to strengthen motivation towards qualified sea farers. Sustainable crew supply can be achieved when working environments, gender-based working conditions, welfare are prioritized and improved as a whole.