• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제71권1호
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2011

Background: Gefitinib and erlotinib are useful, molecular targeted agents in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who failed previous chemotherapy. We compared the efficacy and toxicity of two drugs in patients with squamous cell lung cancer, most of whom are male smokers. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical information on patients with NSCLC who were treated with gefitinib or erlotinib treatment at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital between July 2002 and November 2009. The overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between the two drugs. Results: A total of 182 (100 gefitinib vs. 82 erlotinib) of 584 patients treated by targeted agents had squamous histology. Of the 182 patients, 167 (91.7%) were male and 159 (87.4%) were smokers. The ORR and disease control rate (DCR) were 4.9% and 40.6%, and there was no significant difference between gefitinib and erlotinib (ORR, 5.0% vs 4.8%; p=0.970; DCR, 40.0% vs 41.4%; p=0.439). The median OS in the gefitinib group was 12.1 months, and that in the erlotinib was 12.7 months (hazard ratio [HR], 1.282; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.771~2.134; p=0.339). The median PFS for the gefitinib group was 1.40 months, compared with 1.37 months for the erlotinib group (HR, 1.092; 95% CI, 0.809~1.474; p=0.564). Skin rash ${\geq}$grade 3 was more common in erlotinib (12.2%) than gefitinib (1.0%, p=0.003) groups. Conclusion: This retrospective study showed that the two drugs appear to have similar antitumor efficacy and toxicity except for skin rash.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.176-183
• /
• 2013

본 논문에서는 3차원 영상 획득을 위한 LADAR(LAser Detection And Ranging)용 광수신기 모듈을 설계-제작하고 측정한 결과를 보고한다. 광수신기 모듈은 1 km 이상의 거리에서도 신호를 측정할 수 있도록 디지털모드(Geiger Mode)에서 동작하는 InGaAs APD(Avalanche Photodiode)로 설계하였으며, $16{\pm}16$ FPA(Focal Plane Array)로 설계-제작하였다. 디지털모드(Geiger Mode)는 항복전압 이상의 영역에서 동작하여 작은 광에 대해 반응 할 수 있게 큰 증폭률을 가지게 된다. 1ns의 FWHM(Full Width at Half Maximum)을 갖는 펄스를 수광할 수 있고, 배열 크기는 $16{\pm}16$, Geiger Mode 동작 등의 특성을 만족하도록 광수신기를 구성하기 위해 ROIC(Read Out Integrated Circuit)를 자체적으로 설계-제작하였다. 제작된 광수신기 모듈은 원거리 표적정보 획득이 가능하며, PDE(Photon Detection Efficiency)는 28%, DCR(Dark Count Rate)은 140 kHz 이하의 특성을 보였으며, LADAR 시스템에서 3차원 영상을 획득하였다. 이는 $16{\pm}16$ FPA APD를 이용한 광수신기에서 가장 우수한 특성을 나타낸 것이다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.276-280
• /
• 2007

전통 올벼쌀의 품질특성 측정 결과 수분은 12.7%, 조지방, 회분, 조단백 함량은 1.0%, 0.9%, 6.3%로 측정되었다. 전체적인 색차이를 보기 위한 ${\Delta}E$값은 올벼쌀이 43.0로 다른 시료보다 높은 값을 나타내어 표준색판과 색의 차이가 가장 큰 것으로 측정되었다. 올벼쌀의 수분흡수지수는 침지초기에 급격히 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 침지 5분만에 4.76 g/g 수준으로 건조햇반 3.34 g/g에 비해 상당히 빠른 흡수속도를 나타내었고, 침지시간이 증가함에 따라 흡수량도 현저히 증가하였다. 올벼쌀은 시간이 증가할수록 수분 용해지수도 증가하여 40분 후 수분용해지수가 4.75%로 가장 높은 값을 보여 전분 용출이 많은 것으로 판단된다. 경도 측정 결과 건조햇반 7.0 $kg_f$, 찰현미 8.9 $kg_f$, 올벼쌀 10.5 $kg_f$, 발아현미 7.5 $kg_f$로 측정되어 다른 시료보다 높은 경도를 나타냈다. 올벼쌀의 호화특성 측정결과 호화개시온도가 $39.5^{\circ}C$로 다른 시료보다 낮은 값을 나타내어 초기호화가 빨리 시작됨을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 올벼쌀과 건조햇반, 발아현미, 찰현미는 다른 품질특성을 나타내므로 올벼쌀을 이용한 가공제품 개발시 기존과 다른 가공기술을 이용해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2005

본 논문에서는 송신기와 수신기의 구현에 있어서 많은 장점을 제공하는 직접 확산-주파수(DSSS-FSK) 변조를 제안한다. 주파수 변조를 사용하여, 직접 확산 통신에서도 주파수합성기(PLL)를 이용한 송신기의 구현이 가능하므로 저전력, 저가격이 가능하다. 또한, 반송과 인접 대역에 정보를 전송하지 않아서 직접변환방식 수신기(DCR)의 구현을 용이하게 한다 한편, DSSS-FSK 신호를 위한 최적 동기 검파와 반동기 상관 검파 구조를 제안하고 그 성능을 분석한다. 매우 큰 반송파 주파수오프셋에서도 우수한 비트오율성능을 가지기 위해서, 분할 반동기 상관 검파 구조를 제안하고 성능을 분석한다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제14권10호
• /
• pp.1104-1111
• /
• 2003

본 논문에서는 직접 변환 방식의 수신기에서 발생하는 I 채널 및 Q 채널 간의 이득 및 위상 불일치를 보상하는 방법에 대해서 기술한다. 직접 변환 방식의 복조기에서의 이득 및 위상 불일치를 가변 스텝(Variable Step-size) 적응적 루프를 이용하여 블라인드(blind) 등화 방식으로 보상하는 알고리즘을 된 논문에서 제안한다. 이득 및 위상 불일치를 보상하기 위해 일반적인 블라인더 등화 기법을 이용할 경우 루프 이득에 따라 수렴속도와 지터(jitter) 영향이 trade-off 관계에 있다. 본 논문에서는 이들 문제를 극복하기 위하여 적응적 루프의 이득을 오차에 따라 가변 하는 방법을 제시한다. 본 논문에서는 가변 스텝 적응적 루프를 이용하여 빠른 수렴속도와 지터의 영향을 줄이도록 하는 방법을 제시하였고, 모의실험을 통하여 신호 손실 보상과 수렴 속도의 향상을 확인한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.691-694
• /
• 2013

Purpose: By carrying out a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared sorafenib or combined chemotherapy with placebo or combined chemotherapy, the effectiveness of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma was evaluated in the present study, which also provided clinical practice guidelines of evidence-based-medicine. Methods: We reviewed PubMed citations concerning sorafenib treating hepatocellular carcinoma in randomized controlled trials from Jan 2000 to July 2012. All the literature was extracted by Cochrane systematic reviews and underwent meta-analysis with RewMan 5.0 software. Results: Finally, four papers documenting randomized controlled studies were included. Compared with controls, sorafenib was shown to significantly increase overall survival (OS), time to progression (TTP), and disease control rates (DCR), but not the time to symptom progression (TTSP) in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. The incidence of grade-III/IV adverse reactions, including hand-foot-skin reactions, diarrhea, hypertension and skin rash or desquamation, in sorafenib treatment group was higher than that in controls. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of hypodynamia between the two groups. Conclusions: Sorafenib exerts significant curative effects in hepatocellular carcinoma.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 전력전자학회 2006년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.363-365
• /
• 2006

소비자의 요구와 기술력의 발달로 PDP시장은 42인치와 60인치등 대형PDP가 주류를 이루고 있으며 대형화에 따라서 PDP전원의 소모전력 또한 $400W{\sim}600W$ 까지 증가 하고 있다. 기존 소용량 PDP전원으로 사용되던 Flyback의 경우 소모 전력이 증가함에 따라 대형PDP에 적용하기에는 소자 내압 및 시스템 효율 측면에서 다소 무리가 있다. 따라서 대형PDP의 전원을 위해서 새로운 2 Switch 3 Diode를 채용한 고효율 DCR (Diode Clamping Rectifier) Flyback Converter를 제안하였으며 이를 42인치 PDP에 적용하여 회로의 타당성 및 우수성을 검증하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2010

This study is connected with evaluation of the progressive collapse resisting capacity for sustainable RC super tall building design. As the progressive collapse is not considered in current design codes in Korea, differences between linear static and dynamic analysis based on the GSA guidelines was analyzed for better evaluation, and the analysis model of flat plate system was determined. Finally, the progressive collapse resisting capacity was evaluated for structural system of super tall building. According to this study, the results by linear dynamic analysis were underestimated than the results by linear static analysis. Thus, the dynamic coefficient value of 2 provides conservative approach. The Effective Beam Width's model, currently used in field, is useful for the analysis about lateral force, but this model does not consider the effect of load redistribution by the slab. Hence, finite element analysis considering slab element will be needed for progressive collapse resisting capacity of the flat plate system. Finally, analysis model of 80-story building designed based on KBC(Korea Building Code) shows the weakness against progressive collapse because the DCR value is over 2. Thus, the countermeasure for alternative loading path such as installment of spandrel beam and reinforcements around slab is required to prevent the progressive collapse.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.8-12
• /
• 2005

Response in a modified reciprocal recurrent selection scheme for egg production was evaluated considering variable family sizes and genetic correlation between purebred and crossbred half sisters. The criteria of selection of purebred breeders included pullet's own performance, purebred full and half sisters and crossbred half sister's performance. Heritability of egg production of crossbreds (aggregate genotype) and purebred's was assumed to be 0.2 and genetic correlation between purebred and crossbred half sisters ($r_{pc}$) as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0, -0.1, -0.2, -0.3, -0.4, -0.5 and -1.0. Number of dams per sire to produce purebred and crossbred progenies assumed to be 5, 6, 7, 8, while number of purebred female progeny ($N_p$) and crossbred progeny ($N_c$) per dam were considered to be 3, 4, 5 and 6 in each case. Considering phenotypic variance as unity, selection indices were constructed for different combinations of dams and progeny for each value of $r_{pc}$. Following selection index theory, response in crossbred and purebred for egg production was computed. Results indicated that response in crossbreds depended mainly on crossbred family size and also on magnitude of$r_{pc}$ irrespective of its direction, and response was greater with large crossbred family size than the purebred families. Correlated response in purebreds depends both on magnitude and direction of $r_{pc}$ and was expected to be greater with large purebred family size only. Inclusion of purebred information increased the accuracy of selection for crossbred response for higher magnitude of$r_{pc}$ irrespective of its direction. Present results indicate that desirable response in both crossbred and purebred performance is a function of $r_{pc}$ and family sizes. The ratio of crossbred and purebred family sizes can be optimized depending on the objective of improving the performance of crossbreds and/or of purebreds.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.4481-4485
• /
• 2012

Background: Chemotherapy induced leutropenia has been shown to be associated with improved treatment outcomes in selected solid tumors. We studied the association of chemotherapy induced leutropenia with treatment related outcomes in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Methods: This is a prospective analysis of patients receiving chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC at the Shandong Cancer Hospital from 2005-07.The chemotherapy included cisplatin $35mg/m^2$, IV on $d_{1,2}$ and vinorelbine $25mg/m^2$ IV on $d_{1,8}$ every 21 days. Patients were stratified into three groups (A) those experiencing grades 0 leucopenia, group (B) grades 1-2 and group (C) grades 3-4. The outcomes studied were response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR), and time to progression (TTP). Results: 128 patients were studied. The RRs in groups A, B and C were 30.8%, 56.8% and 71.4%, respectively, p=0.010. The DCRs were 61.5%, 83.8% and 92.9%, respectively, p=0.009 and the median TTPs were 150 days (95%CI: 91-209), 189 days (95%CI: 181-197) and 207 days (95%CI: 172-242), p=0.009. The differences in RR and TTP were significant. In patients whose CIL kept on 10 days at least, the TTP was significantly prolonged, p=0.0213, and the same was the case for those experiencing grades 1-2 leucopenia and ECOG 0, p=0.0412. Conclusions: Occurrence of CIL correlated with RR and TTP in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving cisplatin and vinorelbine chemotherapy, especially in patients experiencing grades 1-2 leucopenia and ECOG 0, and the same for those with CIL persisting for 10 days at least. CIL could be a biological measure of drug activity and a marker of efficacy.