• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2010

Decorin (DCN) is a member of small leucine-rich proteoglycans which are ubiquitous components of the extracellular matrix. It regulates many physiological processes, such as matrix formation, collagen fibrillogenesis, angiogenesis, cancer growth, and cardiovascular diseases. It has been shown that DCN is expressed in the uterus during pregnancy and modulates implantation and decidualization for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mice and humans. Expression of DCN in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy has not been investigated in pigs. Thus, this study investigated expression of DCN in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in pigs. Uterine endometrial tissues were from day (D) 12 and 15 of the estrous cycle and D12, D15, D30, D60, D90, and D114 of pregnancy. Northern blot and real-time RT-PCR analyses showed that expression of DCN mRNA was detected throughout the estrous cycle and pregnancy with the highest levels during mid pregnancy. In situ hybridization analysis showed that DCN mRNA was localized to both luminal and glandular epithelia during the estrous cycle and pregnancy and also to chorionic membrane during mid pregnancy in pigs. To determine whether endometrial expression of DCN was affected by the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) procedure, DCN mRNA levels in the uterine endometrium from gilts with SCNT embryos on D30 of pregnancy were compared with those from gilts with normal embryos using real-time RT-PCR analysis. The result showed that DCN mRNA levels in the uterine endometrium were not significantly different between gilts with normal embryos and SCNT embryos. These results suggest that DCN may play an important role for endometrial tissue remodeling during mid pregnancy, and DCN expression is not affected by the SCNT procedure at the early stage of pregnancy in pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.650-657
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• 2018

Objective: The study investigated the biological functions and mechanisms for controlling cashmere growth of Liaoning cashmere goat by ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen-like protein 2 (OCIAD2) and decorin (DCN) genes. Methods: cDNA library of Liaoning cashmere goat was constructed in early stages. OCIAD2 and DCN genes related to cashmere growth were identified by homology analysis comparison. The expression location of OCIAD2 and DCN genes in primary and secondary hair follicles (SF) was performed using in situ hybridization. The expression of OCIAD2 and DCN genes in primary and SF was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: In situ hybridization revealed that OCIAD2 and DCN were expressed in the inner root sheath of Liaoning cashmere goat hair follicles. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that these genes were highly expressed in SF during anagen, while these genes were highly expressed in primary hair follicle in catagen phase. Melatonin (MT) inhibited the expression of OCIAD2 and promoted the expression of DCN. Insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) inhibited the expression of OCIAD2 and DCN, while fibroblast growth factors 5 (FGF5) promoted the expression of these genes. MT and IGF-1 promoted OCIAD2 synergistically, while MT and FGF5 inhibited the genes simultaneously. MT+IGF-1/MT+FGF5 inhibited DCN gene. RNAi technology showed that OCIAD2 expression was promoted, while that of DCN was inhibited. Conclusion: Activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway up-regulated OCIAD2 expression and stimulated SF to control cell proliferation. DCN gene affected hair follicle morphogenesis and periodic changes by promoting transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ ($TGF-{\beta}$) and BMP signaling pathways. OCIAD2 and DCN genes have opposite effects on $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling pathway and inhibit each other to affect the hair growth.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2021

Decorin (DCN) is a proteoglycan belonging to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family. It is composed of a protein core containing leucine repeats with a glycosaminoglycan chain consisting of either chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate. DCN is a structural component of connective tissues that can bind to type I collagen. It plays a role in the assembly of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and it is related to fibrillogenesis. It can interact with fibronectin, thrombospondin, complement component C1, transforming growth factor (TGF), and epidermal growth factor receptor. Normal DCN expression regulates a wide range of cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and autophagy, through interactions with various molecules. However, its aberrant expression is associated with oocyte maturation, oocyte quality, and poor extravillous trophoblast invasion of the uterus, which underlies the occurrence of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Spatiotemporal hormonal control of successful pregnancy should regulate the concentration and activity of specific proteins such as proteoglycan participating in the ECM remodeling of trophoblastic and uterine cells in fetal membranes and uterus. At the human feto-maternal interface, TGF-β and DCN play crucial roles in the regulation of trophoblast invasion of the uterus. This review summarizes the role of the proteoglycan DCN as an important and multifunctional molecule in the physiological regulation of oocyte maturation and trophoblast migration. This review also shows that recombinant DCN proteins might be useful for substantiating diverse functions in both animal and in vitro models of oogenesis and implantation.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1993

이동통신 가입자는 통신망을 매우 많이 이용하면서 부단한 서비스를 요구하는 고객이므로 DCN은 고객에게 양질의 서비스를 제공할 수 있게 운용되어야 한다. 따라서 DCN 에서는 시스템 고장과 같은 이유로 통신망에 이상이 발생하지 말아야 하며, 만일 이상이 발생되었다 하더라도 신속한 복구가 이루어질 수 있도록 운용 체계가 구성되어야 한다. 본 고에서는 현재 개발되고 있는 DCN 에서 제어국을 구성하고 있는 한 서브시스템인 CCP 에서 수행되는 유지보수 기능과 이를 구현하는 과정을 보였다. 먼저 DCN 의 구조와 연관하여 제어국의 위치와 역할을 분석하고 제어국 내의 여러 서브 시스템의 기능을 살펴본 후 CCP 의 기능이 원활하게 수행될 수 있도록 CCP 의 유지 보수 기능은 어떻게 정의되어야 하는 가를 분석하고 이를 구현할 수 있는 설계 방향을 제시하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.924-929
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 차세대 USB dongle 적용을 위한 대역 저지 특성 정합 회로를 갖는 이중 대역 MIMO 안테나를 제안한다. 제안된 이중 대역 MIMO 안테나는 광 대역 특성을 갖는 두 개의 이중 대역 PIFA로 구성된다. LTE 대역의 격리도 특성을 개선하기 위해서, 대역 저지 특성을 갖는 정합 회로가 각각의 안테나 끝부분에 삽입되었다. 삽입된 대역 저지 특성을 갖는 정합 회로는 특정 주파수에서 표면 전류를 억압할 수 있고, LTE 대역의 770 MHz와 DCN 대역의 830 MHz에서 추가적인 공진을 발생시킨다. 제안된 MIMO 안테나는 LTE 대역과 DCN 대역을 동시에 만족시킨다.

• 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자파학회 2001년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.11 No.1
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• pp.235-238
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• 2001

단일 단말기로부터 멀티 통신이 가능하게 됨에 따라 광대역 또는 듀얼대역에서 사용되는 RF 소자 개발이 중요시되고 있다. 그러므로 소형, 저 비용의 멀티대역 VCO(Voltage Controlled Oscillator)개발이 요구된다. 본 논문에서 GSM/DCN 대역에서 사용 가능한 듀얼밴드 VCO을 설계하였다. 하나의 발진부, 듀얼 공진부, 완충증폭기, 스위치회로로 구성되었으며, 위상 보정 기법을 이용하여 각 밴드에 대한 발진 조건을 만족시키므로 사용 부품의 수를 줄일 수 있어 저 비용, 소형화, 낮은 위상잡음(phase noise)을 얻을 수 있다. 설계된 듀얼 VCO는 GSM 대역에서 -110dBc/Hz(100kHz offset) 이하의 위상 잡음과 DCN 대역에서 -108dBc/Hz(100kHz offset)의 위상 특성을 보인다. 출력전력은 0$\pm$3dBm이며 소비전력 7mA로 만족할만한 성능을 보인다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2010년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.1004-1007
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• 2010

본 논문은 대용량을 요구하는 멀티미디어와 같은 스트리밍 서비스등 이에 관한 품질을 사용자의 요구에 따라 빠르게 요구 대역폭을 할당하고 보장하기 위한 광대역폭 기반의 응용지원을 위한 DCN(Dynamic Circuit Network)을 구축 및 검증하는 내용을 기술 하였다. 이를 위해 GMPLS, RSVP, OSPF등의 기술을 기반으로 2계층의 LSP를 동적으로 할당할 수 있게 하였으며, WBUI(Web-based User Interface)를 통해 사용자의 요구를 받아서 서비스를 제공할 수 있게 하였고, Iperf를 통해 요구 대역폭 할당과 보장을 검증한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.1610-1623
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• 2013

In-network caching is a key component of information-centric networking (ICN) for reducing content download time, network traffic, and server workload. Data center network (DCN) is an ideal candidate for applying the ICN design principles. In this paper, we have evaluated the effectiveness of caching placement and replacement in DCN with butterfly-topology. We also suggest a new cache placement policy based on the number of routing nodes (i.e., hop counts) through which travels the content. With a probability inversely proportional to the hop counts, the caching placement policy makes each routing node to cache content chunks. Simulation results lead us to conclude (i) cache placement policy is more effective for cache performance than cache replacement, (ii) the suggested cache placement policy has better caching performance for butterfly-type DCNs than the traditional caching placement policies such as ALWASYS and FIX(P), and (iii) high cache hit ratio does not always imply low average hop counts.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 다양한 네트워크의 통합관리를 위한 네트워크토폴로지를 설계하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 TMN-DCN 디바이스를 정의하고 이를 주요요소로 이용하기로 한다. 이 때 관리정보량이 주요변수가 된다. 또한 네트워크 관리특성의 주요요소로 떠오르는 네트워크 서바이벌특성이 포함되는 네트워크 토폴로지의 간단한 설계방법을 제안한다. 이들 방법은 링크비용을 최소로 하면서 전체 트래픽 량을 지원할 수 있다. 실제 설계 예를 통하여 그 결과를 확인한다. 설계방법이 간단하게 제안 되었지만 서바이벌 특성구현과 관리 네트워크설계에 관한 보편적으로 적용할 수 있는 최적의 설계알고리듬이 존재하지 않기에 본 논문에서 제안된 설계방법이 실제 관리망의 구축 시 활용될 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2016

Inflammatory and fibrotic responses are accelerated during the reperfusion period, and excessive fibrosis and inflammation contribute to cardiac malfunction. NecroX compounds have been shown to protect the liver and heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to further define the role and mechanism of action of NecroX-5 in regulating inflammation and fibrosis responses in a model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR). We utilized HR-treated rat hearts and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated H9C2 culture cells in the presence or absence of NecroX-5 ($10{\mu}mol/L$) treatment as experimental models. Addition of NecroX-5 significantly increased decorin (Dcn) expression levels in HR-treated hearts. In contrast, expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 ($TGF{\beta}1$) and Smad2 phosphorylation (pSmad2) was strongly attenuated in NecroX-5-treated hearts. In addition, significantly increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF{\alpha}$), $TGF{\beta}1$, and pSmad2, and markedly decreased Dcn expression levels, were observed in LPS-stimulated H9C2 cells. Interestingly, NecroX-5 supplementation effectively attenuated the increased expression levels of $TNF{\alpha}$, $TGF{\beta}1$, and pSmad2, as well as the decreased expression of Dcn. Thus, our data demonstrate potential antiinflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of NecroX-5 against cardiac HR injuries via modulation of the $TNF{\alpha}/Dcn/TGF{\beta}1/Smad2$ pathway.