• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2010.07a
• /
• pp.32-35
• /
• 2010

This paper presents an efficient monitoring method of a network protocol for a downloadable conditional access system (DCAS) that can securely transmit conditional access software via a bi-directional communication channel. In order to guarantee a secure channel based on mutual authentication between a DCAS head end server and set-top boxes, DCAS messages are encrypted and digitally signed. Owing to applied cryptographic algorithms, it is impossible to get information from messages directly without additional processing. Through categorizing DCAS messages into several groups, the proposed monitoring method can efficiently parse and trace DCAS messages in real-time. In order to verify the stability and effectiveness of the proposed monitoring method, we implement a DCAS monitoring system capable of capturing and parsing all DCAS messages. The experimental results show that the proposed monitoring method is well designed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.161-174
• /
• 2009

IPTV provides their services only for their subscribers who have a eligibility to watch it by using Conditional Access System(CAS). CAS has been servicing their contents for subscribers by using set-top box or cable card so far, but these days, to solve the compatibility between kinds of devices, linkage with other services as DRM and confirming stability, the research of Downloadable CAS(DCAS) is being advanced steadily. On this paper, we analyse the vulnerability of DCAS based on the OpenCable and make up for the vulnerability in DCAS, then proposes to use secure DCAS system for IPTV. Also we show the result of the research and analyse the satisfaction of requirements.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2013

CAS (Conditional Access System) is a content protection solution that restricts access to the system according to user's standing and only authorized users can access the content in a pay-TV system. DCAS (Downloadable Conditional Access System) can download CAS client which is a software implemented via network. In recent years, research and development has been carried out on DCAS to solve the problems of compatibility among heterogeneous devices and internetworking with other services. In this paper, we propose key generation and management scheme for efficient interoperability among different DCASs based on PBC (Pairing Based Cryptography).

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.730-736
• /
• 2006

To evaluated the effect of recombinant adenovirus Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas which can simultaneously express both antisense ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) on cell cycle distribution in colorectal cancer cell and investigated underlying regulatory responses, human colorectal cancer cells HT-29 were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium and infected with Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas. Cell cycle progression was detected by flow cytometry analysis. The expression levels of cell cycle regulated proteins were measured by Western blot analysis. The mRNA level of cyclin D1 was measured by RT-PCR. And a luciferase reporter plasmid of cyclin D1 promoter was constructed to observe the effect of Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas on cyclin D1 promoter activity. The results showed that recombinant adenovirus Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas significantly induced $G_1$ arrest, decreased levels of cyclin D1 protein and mRNA and suppressed the promoter activity. Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas also inhibited nuclear translocation of $\beta$-catenin. In conclusion, downregulation of ODC and AdoMetDC mediated by Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas transfection induces $G_1$ arrest in HT-29 cells and the arrest was associated with suppression of cyclin D1 expression and inhibition of $\beta$-catenin nuclear translocation. As a new anticancer reagent, the recombinant adenovirus Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas holds promising hope for the therapy of colorectal cancers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.105-116
• /
• 2011

Mobile IPTV is a IPTV interactive broadcasting service through wireless Internet. Mobile IPTV service would be much more promoted. Thus, the methods for protecting the broadcasting contents will be indispensible elements for the successful Mobile IPTV service achievement. This paper describes the characteristics of Mobile IPTV and the related contents protection techniques. To evaluate several security issues, we suggest a DCAS security framework model for Mobile IPTV, and speculate the most widespread, a security technologies for Mobile IPTV such as DCSA. Moreover, candidate models of Mobile IPTV protection system are suggested based on these technologies.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.204-213
• /
• 2010

In this paper, we investigate the possible security threats to downloadable conditional access system (DCAS) host devices. We then propose a DCAS secure micro (SM) and transport processor (TP) security protocol that counters identified security threats using a secure key establishment and pairing management scheme. The proposed protocol not only resists disclosed SM ID and TP ID threats and indirect connection between TA and TP threats, but also meets some desirable security attributes such as known key secrecy, perfect forward secrecy, key compromised impersonation, unknown key-share, and key control.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.53-65
• /
• 2010

Conditional Access System (CAS) is a core security mechanism of IPTV SCP (Service and Content Protection) which enables only authenticated user to be able to watch the broadcasting contents. In the past, it was general that CAS was built in Set-Top Box (STB) as hardware or as a detachable cable card. However, numerous researches in Downloadable CAS (DCAS), where users can download CAS code in their STB through their network, have been recently conducted widely due to the lack of security and scalability problem. In this paper, the security requirements of OpenCable based DCAS which is typical example of downloadable IPTV SCP will be derived, the novel authentication and key management scheme will be proposed by using the Authentication Proxy (AP) which is the core DCAS. Also, the benefits of the proposed system will be evaluated by comparison and analysis with preceding research.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2010

The mobility is one of the most important factor for mobile IPTV. However, mobility is highly vulnerable to eavesdropping and unauthorized access. Generally mobility of mobile services is based on handover techniques. But we showed that mobile IPTV must use other techniques to confirm mobility. In this paper, we analyzed security of wibro mobile IPTV from the viewpoint of mobility. We considered DCAS host must include new addresses of mobile devices. We analyzed total number of authentication for the proposed method. So we showed that proposed method was more efficient than wibro-mobile IPTV. We compared the security of our proposal to the security requirements of TTA.

• Review of KIISC
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.73-85
• /
• 2012

현재 국내 IPTV 서비스에서는 콘텐츠 보호를 위해 기존 방송 보호시스템인 제한수신시스템(CAS)과 디지털저작권관리(DRM) 기술을 혼용하여 사용하고 있다. 하지만 사용자는 가정의 셋톱박스에서 뿐만 아니라 모바일 단말을 통해서 IPTV 콘텐츠를 시청하고자 한다. 이는 셋톱박스의 콘텐츠나 채널을 모바일 IPTV 와 연계하는 것을 요구한다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 환경에서 셋톱박스에서 공유되는 콘텐츠나 채널을 모바일 단말까지 안전하게 공유하기 위해 요구되는 보안 문제점을 도출하고 이에 따른 보안 요구사항을 도출하며, 이를 기반으로 DCAS(downloadable conditional access system) 을 위한 보안 프레임워크를 제안한다. 또한 기존의 SRP 프로토콜[7]을 기반으로 키 교환 프로토콜을 구성하여 셋톱박스와 모바일 IPTV의 안전한 콘텐츠와 채널의 공유가 가능한 DCAS용 인증 프로토콜을 제안한다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.345-355
• /
• 2015

Carbonaceous compounds in the atmospheric particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to a nominal $10{\mu}m$ ($PM_{10}$) were analyzed for the samples collected during the period of August 2006 to August 2007 at Jongro in Seoul. A total 18 dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) and levoglucosan, as well as organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), were analyzed. Distinctive seasonal patterns of the concentrations of OC, EC, and WSOC including levoglucosan were observed with the highest concentrations in winter and the lowest concentrations in summer. In addition, OC, WSOC, and most of DCAs showed also higher concentration in summer than in winter. Using the seasonal patterns and relevant indicative ratios (WSOC/EC and $OC_{sec}/OC_{tot}$) of the carbonaceous compounds, it was verified that (1) primary emission sources were elevated in winter, and (2) the formation of secondary OC increased due to the prompted photochemical reaction in summer. Results from this study also suggest that some organic compounds were likely attributed to longrange transport.