Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2015.31.4.345

Concentrations and Characteristics of Carbonaceous Compounds in PM10 over Seoul: Measurement between 2006 and 2007  

Choi, Na Rae (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University)
Lee, Ji Yi (Department of Renewable Energy Convergence, Chosun University)
Jung, Chang Hoon (Department Health Management, Kyungin Women's College)
Lee, Sun Yong (Department of Environmental Health, Seoul National University)
Yi, Seung Muk (Department of Environmental Health, Seoul National University)
Kim, Yong Pyo (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment / v.31, no.4, 2015 , pp. 345-355 More about this Journal
Abstract
Carbonaceous compounds in the atmospheric particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to a nominal $10{\mu}m$ ($PM_{10}$) were analyzed for the samples collected during the period of August 2006 to August 2007 at Jongro in Seoul. A total 18 dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) and levoglucosan, as well as organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), were analyzed. Distinctive seasonal patterns of the concentrations of OC, EC, and WSOC including levoglucosan were observed with the highest concentrations in winter and the lowest concentrations in summer. In addition, OC, WSOC, and most of DCAs showed also higher concentration in summer than in winter. Using the seasonal patterns and relevant indicative ratios (WSOC/EC and $OC_{sec}/OC_{tot}$) of the carbonaceous compounds, it was verified that (1) primary emission sources were elevated in winter, and (2) the formation of secondary OC increased due to the prompted photochemical reaction in summer. Results from this study also suggest that some organic compounds were likely attributed to longrange transport.
Keywords
Organic compounds; Seoul; $PM_{10}$; EC; OC; WSOC; DCAs; Levoglucosan;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 6  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kim, H., J. Jung, J. Lee, and S. Lee (2015) Seasonal characteristics of organic carbon and elemental carbon in $PM_{2.5}$ in Daejeon, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 31, 28-70. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Kim, H.S., J.B. Huh, P.K. Hopke, T.M. Holsen, and S.M. Yi (2007) Characteristics of the major chemical constituents of $PM_{2.5}$ and somg events in Seoul, Korea in 2003 and 2004, Atmos. Environ., 41, 6762-6770.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Kim, Y.P. (2006) Air pollution in Seoul caused by aerosols, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 22, 535-553. (in Korean with English abstract)
4 Kim, Y.P. and M.J. Yeo (2013) The trend of the concentrations of the criteria pollutants over Seoul, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 29, 369-377. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Kim, Y.P., K.C. Moon, J.H. Lee, and M.J. Baik (1999) Concentrations of carbonaceous species in particles at Seoul and Cheju in Korea, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2751-2758.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 KMA (Korean Meteorological Administration) (2011) Available at http://www.kma.go.kr/weather/climate/past_cal.jsp (accessed 2015/04/20).
7 KOSIS (Korea Statistical Information Service), 2013. Available at http://www.kosis.kr/ (accessed Apr. 20, 2015).
8 Lee, J.Y., S.B. Lee, J.Y. Kim, H.C. Jin, H.B. Lim, and G.N. Bae (2014) Characteristics of gas- and particlephase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) distribution in tunnels, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 6, 519-530. (in Korean with English abstract)
9 MOGAHA (Korean Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs) (2013) Statistics city yearbook of Korea, 11-131100-000303-10. (in Korean with English abstract)
10 Park, S.S. and S.Y. Cho (2011) Tracking sources and behavior of water-soluble organic carbon in fine particulate matter measured at an urban site in Korea, Atmos. Environ., 45, 60-72.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Park, S.S., M.S. Bae, J.J. Schauer, Y.J. Kim, S.Y. Cho, and S.J. Kim (2006) Molecular composition of $PM_{2.5}$ organic aerosol measured at an urban site of Korea during the ACE-Asia campaign, Atmos. Environ., 40, 4182-4198.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Pathak, R.K., T. Wang, K.F. Ho, and S.C. Lee (2011) Characteristics of summertime $PM_{2.5}$ organic and elemental carbon in four major Chinese cities: Implications of high acidity of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), Atmos. Environ., 45, 348.325.
13 Rogge, W.F., M.A. Mazurek, L.M. Hildemann, G.R. Cass, and B.R.T. Simoneit (1993) Quantification of urban organic aerosols at a molecular level: identification, abundance and seasonal variation, Atmos. Environ., 27, 1309-1330.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 SI (The Seoul Institute) (2010) Indicator in this transition, Seoul, Available at https://www.si.re.kr/indicator (accessed 2015/04/12).
15 Stone, E.A., S.C. Yoon, and J.J. Schauer (2011) Chemical characterization of fine and coarse particles in Gosan, Korea during springtime dust events, Aerosol. Air. Qual. Res., 11, 31-43.
16 Turpin, B.J. and J.J. Huntxicker (1995) Identification of secondary organic aerosol episodes and quantitation of primary and secondary organic aerosol concentrations during SCAQS, Atmos. Environ., 29, 3527-3544.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Yang, H., J. Xu, W.S. Wu, C.H. Wan, and J.Z. Yu (2004) Chemical characterization of water-soluble organic aerosols at Jeju Island collected during ACE-Asia, Environ. Chem., 13-17.
18 Zhang, T., M. Claeys, H. Cachier, S. Dong, W. Wang, W. Maenhaut, and X. Liu (2008) Identification and estimation of the biomass burning contribution to Beijing aerosol using levoglucosan as a molecular marker, Atmos. Environ., 42, 7013-7021.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Yang, L., M.B. Ray, and L.E. Yu (2008) Photooxidation of dicarboxylic acids-Part 2: Kinetics, intermediates and field observations, Atmos. Environ., 42, 868-880.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Zhang, T., J.J. Cao, J.C. Chow, Z.X. Shen, K.F. Ho, S.S.H. Ho, S.X. Liu, Y.M. Han, J.G. Watson, G.H. Wang, and R.J. Huang (2014) Characterization and seasonal variations of levoglucosan in fine particulate matter in Xi'an, China, J. Air. Waste. Manag. Assoc., 64, 1317-1327.   DOI
21 Zhang, Y.Y., L. Mueller, R. Winterhalter, G.K. Moortgat, T. Hoffmann, and U. Poeschl (2010) Seasonal cycle and temperature dependence of pinene oxidation products, dicarboxylic acids and nitrophenols in fine and coarse air particulate matter, Atmos. Chem. and Phys., 10, 7859-7873.   DOI
22 Zhao, X., X. Wang, X. Ding, Q. He, Z. Zhang, T. Liu, X. Fu, B. Gao, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, X. Deng, and D. Wu (2014) Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles ($PM_{2.5}$) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China, J. Environ. Sci., 26, 110-121.   DOI
23 Choi, J.K., J.B. Heo, S.J. Ban, S.M. Yi, and Z.D. Zoh (2012) Chemical characteristics of $PM_{2.5}$ aerosol in Incheon, Korea, Atmos. Environ., 60, 583-592.   DOI
24 Ackerman, A.S., M.P. Kirkpatrick, D.E. Stevens, and O.B. Toon (2004) The impact of humidity above stratiform clouds on indirect aerosol climate forcing, Nature, 432, 1014-1017.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Agawal, S., S.G. Aggarwal, K. Okuzawa, and K. Kawamura (2010) Size distributions of dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids, ${\alpha}$-dicarbonyls, sugars, WSOC, OC, EC and inorganic ions in atmospheric particles over Northern Japan: implication for long-range transport of Siberian biomass burning and East Asian polluted aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5839-5858.   DOI
26 Bi, X., B.R.T. Simoneit, G. Sheng, S. Ma, and J. Fu (2008) Composition and major sources of organic compounds in urban aerosols, Atmos. Res., 88, 256-265.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Ho, K.F., S.C. Lee, J.J. Cao, K. Kawamura, T. Watanabe, Y. Cheng, and J.C. Chow (2006) Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls in the urban roadside area of Hong Kong, Atmos. Environ., 40, 3030-3040.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Han, J.H., B. Bhang, M. Lee, S.C. Yoon, S.W. Kim, L. Chang, and K.S. Kang (2013) Semi-continuous measurements of $PM_{2.5}$ OC and EC at Gosan: Seasonal variations and characteristics of high-concentration episodes, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 29, 237-250. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Han, S.H. and Y.P. Kim (2015) Long-term Trends of the Concentrations of Mass and Chemical Composition in $PM_{2.5}$ over Seoul, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 31, 143-156. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Heo, J.B., P.K. Hopke, and S.M. Yi (2009) Source apportionment of $PM_{2.5}$ in Seoul, Korea, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4957-4971.   DOI
31 Hong, S.Y., J.J. Lee, J.Y. Lee, and Y.P. Kim (2008) Comparison of the fine particle concentrations in Seoul and other foreign mega-cities, Par. Aerosol. Res., 4, 1-7. (in Korean with English abstract)
32 Jung, J., S. Lee, H. Kim, D. Kim, H. Lee, and S. Oh (2014) Quantitative determination of the biomass-burning contribution to atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols in Daejeon, Korea, during the rice harvest period, Atmos. Environ., 89, 642-650.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Kawamura, K. and O. Yasui (2005) Diurnal changes in the distribution of dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxycli acids abd dicarbonyls in the urban Tokyo atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 39, 1945-1960.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Kawamura, K., H. Kasukabe, and L.A. Barrie (1996) Source and reaction pathways of dicarboxycli acid, ketoacids and dicarbonyls in arctic aerosols: one year of observations, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1709-1722.   DOI   ScienceOn