• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.107-110
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the quantity of Holstein dry cow manure excreted and their characteristics. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follow; The average body weight of the Holstein dry cow during experiment was 619.9kg. The feed intake(DM basis) and water consumption was 10.7, 38.6kg/day/head, repectively. The manure production of Holstein dry cow was 44.8kg/day/head (feces 26.9, urine 17.9kg). The moisture content of feces and urine was 84.5%, 95.3%, respectively. Wastewater pollutant concentration of $BOD_5$(Biochemical Oxygen demand), $COD_{Mn}$ (Chemical Oxygen demand), SS(Suspended Solids), T-N(Total Nitrogen) and T-P(Total Phosphorus), excreted from Holstein dry cow was 16,874,55,763, 87,333, 2,353, $368mg/{\ell}$ in feces and 5,621, 8,673, 518, 2,423, $3mg/{\ell}$ in urine, repectively. The fertilizer content of manure, N(Nitrogen), $P_2O_5$(Phosphoric acid) and $K_2O$(Potassium oxide) was 0.24, 0.08, 0.15% in feces and 0.24, 0.001, 0.30% in urine, respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.8.1-8.11
• /
• 2016

To quantitatively estimate the influence of cuttlebone on the target strength (TS) of golden cuttlefish, the cuttlebone was carefully extracted from 19 live cuttlefish caught using traps in the inshore waters around Geojedo, Korea, in early May 2010 and the TS was measured using split-beam echosounders (Simrad ES60 and EY500). The TS-length relationships for the cuttlefish (before the extraction of cuttlebone, Fish Aquat Sci. 17:361-7, 2014) and the corresponding cuttlebone were compared. The cuttlebone length ($L_b$) ranged from 151 to 195 mm (mean $L_b$ = 168.3 mm) and the mass ($W_b$) ranged from 29.3 to 53.2 g (mean $W_b$ = 38.8 g). The mean TS values at 70 and 120 kHz were -33.60 dB (std = 1.12 dB) and -32.24 dB (std = 1.87 dB), respectively. The mean TS values of cuttlebone were 0.19 dB and 0.04 dB lower than those of cuttlefish at 70 and 120 kHz, respectively. For 70 and 120 kHz combined, the mean TS value of cuttlebone was -32.87 dB, 0.11 dB lower than that of cuttlefish (-32.76 dB). On the other hand, the mean TS value of cuttlebone predicted by the regression ($TS_b$ = 24.86 $log_{10}$ $L_b$ - 4.86 $log_{10}$ ${\lambda}$ - 22.58, $r^2$ = 0.85, N = 38, P < 0.01) was -33.10 dB, 0.04 dB lower than that of cuttlefish predicted by the regression ($TS_c$ = 24.62 $log_{10}$ $L_c$ - 4.62 $log_{10}$ ${\lambda}$ - 22.64, $r^2$ = 0.85, N = 38, P < 0.01). That is, the contribution of cuttlebone to the cuttlefish TS determined by the measured results was slightly greater than that by the predicted results. These results suggest that cuttlebone is responsible for the TS of cuttlefish, and the contribution is estimated to be at least 99 % of the total echo strength.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2017

In a MPC coding using excitation source of voiced and unvoiced, it would be a distortion of speech waveform. This is caused by normalization of synthesis speech waveform of voiced in the process of restoration the multi-pulses of representation section. This paper present PCFBD-MPC( Position Compensation Frequency Band Division-Multi Pulse Coding ) used V/UV/S( Voiced / Unvoiced / Silence ) switching, position compensation in a multi-pulses each pitch interval and Unvoiced approximate-synthesis by using specific frequency in order to reduce distortion of synthesis waveform. Also, I was implemented that the PCFBD-MPC( Position Compensation Frequency Band Division-Multi Pulse Coding ) system and evaluate the SNRseg of PCFBD-MPC in coding condition of 8kbps. As a result, SNRseg of PCFBD-MPC was 13.4dB for female voice and 13.8dB for male voice respectively. In the future, I will study the evaluation of the sound quality of 8kbps speech coding method that simultaneously compensation the amplitude and position of multi-pulse source. These methods are expected to be applied to a method of speech coding using sound source in a low bit rate such as a cellular phone or a smart phone.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 1979

The survey on food intake in Masan and Ulsan city in Gyeong -Sang nam -Do was done by college students of nutrition major under the direction of nutrition professors on August 2nd, 3rd and 4th, 1976. The number of subjects were 260 family members from 54 households. The results are as follow : 1. Daily caloric intake for adults was 1670 kal which was 61.8% of R.D.A.2. The intake of protein appears to be adequate (80g per adult per day ) but fat intake was about 23g which was 5.8% of total calory intake. 3. The level of calcium and iron intake was close to that of R.D.A. However the level of vitamin A & vitamin $B_{2}$ was below R.D.A.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.208-219
• /
• 2022

Crime amount prediction is crucial for optimizing the police patrols' arrangement in each region of a city. First, we analyzed spatiotemporal correlations of the crime data and the relationships between crime and related auxiliary data, including points-of-interest (POI), public service complaints, and demographics. Then, we proposed a crime amount prediction model based on 2D convolution and long short-term memory neural network (2DCONV-LSTM). The proposed model captures the spatiotemporal correlations in the crime data, and the crime-related auxiliary data are used to enhance the regional spatial features. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets are conducted. Results demonstrated that capturing both temporal and spatial correlations in crime data and using auxiliary data to extract regional spatial features improve the prediction performance. In the best case scenario, the proposed model reduces the prediction error by at least 17.8% and 8.2% compared with support vector regression (SVR) and LSTM, respectively. Moreover, excessive auxiliary data reduce model performance because of the presence of redundant information.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.34 no.8
• /
• pp.1233-1241
• /
• 2010

This study analyzes the body characteristics of high school boys according to 3 different body types in order to improve the fit of upper garments. First, among the lateral body types, the straight body type was selected from the SizeKorea 3D scanned data and 2D measurement data. Second, high school boys (classified as straight lateral body type) were grouped into type B, A, and Y drop groups. The percentages of type B, type A, type Y are 17.8%, 48.1%, 32.1% respectively. The characteristics of the body types were analyzed. While the bust circumference were the same among the three body types (chest width, back width, back across shoulder, and bust width did not show a significant difference); however, waist and hip measurements showed a significant difference among the three body types. Third, the height of the high school boys ranged between 165cm and 180cm and the bust circumference between 85cm and 97cm. For the bust size categories, type B and type Y are distributed similarly; however, type A is distributed in the smaller bust size categories.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 1980

A microorganism which produced D-glucose isomerase was identified to be similar to Streptomyces antibioticus on the morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics except the spore chain and the utilization of sucrose. D-xylose grown cells of Streptomyces sp. strain K-17 were disrupted by grinding with sea sand. D-glucose isomerase was partially purified with the fractionation by ammonium sulfate, Mn-treatment, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, DEAE-sephadex (A-50) column chromatography and gel filtration of sephadex G-200. The enzyme was purified about 380 fold with 25 ％ recovery.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1999

The use of structural wood based panels like plywood, OSB in many applications involves the use of nails, and data on the performance of panel-nail connection are needed for design and comparative purpose. This study was carried out to develop basic information on nail performance(withdrawal, embedding, nailhead push through) with water absorption in plywood and OSB. In withdrawal resistance test, initial stiffness of plywood performed better than OSB in 24hr soaked condition. The soaked condition reduced average nail withdrawal resistance value about 46% (12d mail), 53%(8d nail) in OSB, 17%(12d mail), 24%(8d mail) in plywood. The nail embedding strength of plywood also performed better than that of OSB and retention value(wet strength/dry strength) yielded similar in each nail types. The nail head push through capacity of OSB was higher than that of plywood in dry condition, but equal or lower in soaked condition. Therefore, critical consideration about structural panels is required in moist applications. The average values of nail withdrawal, nail embedding strength and nail head push through resistance of tested materials meet the minimum requirement of various specification and standards.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.47-51
• /
• 2014

Purpose: Neonatal late-onset hypocalcemia is defined as hypocalcemia developed after postnatal 3 days and associated with hypoparathyroidism, high phosphate diets and vitamin D deficiency. We experienced the increment of neonatal late onset hypocalcemia over 1 year. We tried to evaluate the relationship between late onset hypocalcemia and maternal hypovitaminosis D. Methods: The medical records in the neonates with late-onset hypocalcemia during January 2007 to July 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Among those patients, 17 paired sera of mothers and neonates had collected. The levels of 25-OH vitamin D (25OHD) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured and were compared with neonate and the mother. Results: The mean gestational age was $38^{+1}$ weeks, and the mean body weight was 2,980 g. The onset time of hypocalcemia was 5.9 days of age. Most of them (88.2%) were feeding with formula and no one was only breast milk feeding. Of the 17 patients, 13 were born in spring or in winter. The median levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, iPTH and 25OHD were 7.0 mg/dL, 8.6 mg/dL, 191.0 U/L, 57.2 pg/mL and 24.0 ng/mL in neonates. The levels of 25OHD of 6 neonates were <20 ng/mL. A total of 16 mothers were considered vitamin D-deficient (<20 ng/mL), and vitamin D insufficient (20<25OHD<30 ng/mL). Conclusion: Neonatal late-onset hypocalcemia in our study seems to be influenced by maternal vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Sun tanning and vitamin D supplements from winter to spring would be helpful to prevent maternal vitamin D deficiency, one of the causes of neonatal late-onset hypocalcemia.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.276-279
• /
• 2015

This paper presents two 3-stage D-band stacked amplifiers developed in a $0.13-{\mu}m$ SiGe BiCMOS technology, employed to compare the conventional cascode topology and the common-base (CB)/CB stacked topology. AMP1 employs two cascode stages followed by a CB/CB stacked stage, while AMP2 is composed of three CB/CB stacked stages. AMP1 showed a 17.1 dB peak gain at 143.8 GHz and a saturation output power of -4.2 dBm, while AMP2 showed a 20.4 dB peak gain at 150.6 GHz and a saturation output power of -1.3 dBm. The respective power dissipation was 42.9 mW and 59.4 mW for the two amplifiers. The results show that CB/CB stacked topology is favored over cascode topology in terms of gain near 140 GHz.