• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1998년도 The Third Asian Fuzzy Systems Symposium
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• pp.489-494
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• 1998

This paper describes a design of graphical user interface for a simulated breeding tool with multifield. The term field is used here as a population of visualized individuals that are candidates of selection. Multi-field interface enables the user to breed his/her favorite phenotypes by selection independently in each field, and he/she can copy arbitrary individual into another field. As known on genetic algorithms, a small population likely leads to premature convergence trapped by a local optimum, and migration among plural populations is useful to escape from local optimum. The multi-field user interface provides easy implementation of migration and wider diversity. We show the usefulness of multi-field user interface through an example of a breeding system of 2D CG images.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.112-119
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• 2005

Efficient plant regenerationsystem from cell suspension cultures was established in D. acicularis (2n = 90) by monitoring ploidy level and visual selection of the cultures. The highly regenerable cell lines selected maintained original ploidy level and consisted of compact cell clumps with yellowish color and relatively moderate growth, suggesting that it is possible to select visually the highly regenerable cell lines with the original ploidy level. All the regenerated plantlets from the highly regenerable cell cultures exhibited normal phenotypes and no variations in ploidy level were observed by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제2회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.92-92
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• 1993

Point mutations in a highly conserved central region of the HIV-1 integrase protein were analyzed for their effects on viral replication and virion morphogenesis. Conservative amino acid replacements of two amino acid residues invariant un retroviral integrases, D116 and E152 of HIV-1, as well as the highly conserved amino acid S147, completely blocked viral replication in two CD4$\^$＋/ human T cell lines. Mutation of four other highly conserved amino acids in the region had no detectable effect on viral replication, while Mutations at two positions, N117 and Y143, resulted in viruses with a delayed replication phenotype. Characteristic and reproducible defects id virion core structure were observed by electron microscopic analysis of sore of the replication defective integrase point mutants, indicating that mutant integrase proteins can interfere with the process of virion core maturation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.452-457
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• 2005

The adaptor protein (AP) complexes are involved in membrane transport of many proteins. There are 3 AP complexes in C. elegans unlike mammals that have four. To study the biological functions of the AP-3 complexes of C. elegans, we sought homologues of the mouse and human genes that encode subunits of the AP-3 complexes by screening C. elegans genomic and EST sequences. We identified single copies of homologues of the ${\mu}3$, ${\sigma}3$, ${\beta}3$ and ${\delta}$ genes. The medium chain of AP-3 is encoded by a single gene in C. elegans but two different genes in mammals. Since there are no known mutations in these genes in C. elegans, we performed RNAi to assess their functions in development. RNAi of each of the genes caused embryonic and larval lethal phenotypes. APM-3 is expressed in most cells, particularly strongly in spermatheca and vulva. We conclude that the products of the C. elegans ${\mu}3$, ${\sigma}3$, ${\beta}3$ and d genes are essential for embryogenesis and larval development.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2002

This study compared the blood-brain barrier permeability of [$^3H$] taurine in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) and normal mouse with common carotid artery perfusion (CCAP) method and intravenous injection technique to establish a possible relation between aging and changes in tissue levels of taurine. The SAM strains show senescence acceleration and age-associated pathological phenotypes similar to geriatric disorders seen in humans. In the result of this experiments, the plasma clearance of [$^3H$]taurine in SAM was almost comparable with that of normal mice by intravenous injection technique, but the brain volume of distribution ($V_{D brain}$) of [$^3H$]taurine in SAM by CCAP method reduced by 85% compared with that in normal mice. These results suggest that aging may have an effect on the brain transport activity of taurine in disease state model animal.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.41.1-41.8
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• 2020

We provide an algorithm for the construction and analysis of autocorrelation (information) functions of gene nucleotide sequences. As a measure of correlation between discrete random variables, we use normalized mutual information. The information functions are indicative of the degree of structuredness of gene sequences. We construct the information functions for selected gene sequences. We find a significant difference between information functions of genes of different types. We hypothesize that the features of information functions of gene nucleotide sequences are related to phenotypes of these genes.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2023

Urological cancers such as kidney, bladder, prostate, and testicular cancers are the most common types of cancers worldwide with high mortality and morbidity. To date, traditional cell lines and animal models have been broadly used to study pre-clinical applications and underlying molecular mechanisms of urological cancers. However, they cannot reflect biological phenotypes of real tissues and clinical diversities of urological cancers in vitro system. In vitro models cannot be utilized to reflect the tumor microenvironment or heterogeneity. Cancer organoids in three-dimensional culture have emerged as a promising platform for simulating tumor microenvironment and revealing heterogeneity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in prostate and kidney cancer organoids regarding culture conditions, advantages, and applications of these cancer organoids.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.887-896
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• 2004

제주말의 혈통보존을 위한 기초자료를 마련할 목적으로 국내에서 사육중인 몽고말 19두를 대상으로 적혈구항원형 및 혈액단백질형의 표현형 분포와 유전자 빈도를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 적혈구항원형의 표현형은 $A^af$(42.1%), $C^a$(89.5%), $K^-$((84.2%), $U^a$(63.2%), $P^a$(42.1%) $P^-$(42.1%), $Q^c$(31.6%), $Q^-$(31.6%)에서 높은 빈도를 나타냈으며 적혈구항원형 D 시스템의 유전자형은 $D^cgm/dghm$ (15.8%), $D^dghm/dghm$(15.8%), $D^ad/dghm$(10.5%), $D^ade/dghm$ (10.5%)가 높은 빈도 순으로 관찰되었다. 혈액단백질형 7개의 좌위에서는 $AL^{AB}$(52.6%), $AIB^K$( (89.5%), $ES^I$(63.2%), $GC^F$(78.9%), $HB^{BI}$(68.4%),$PGD^F$(84.2%), $TF^{F1R}I$(21.1%), $TF^{F2R}I$(21.1%)로 높은 빈도를 보였으며, $HB^{A2B2}I$(5.3%), $PGD^{DS}I$(5.3%)가 특이하게 관찰되었다. 적혈구항원형의 유전자 빈도를 조사한 결과 $A^a$(0.4211), $C^a$(0.8947), $K^-$(0.8421), $U^a$(0.6316), $P^a$ (0.4474), $Q^c$(0.4474), $D^{dghm}$(0.4211)로 가장 높은 빈도를 보였으며, 혈액단백질형 7개 좌위에 대해서 유전자 빈도를 조사한 결과 $AL^B$(0.6579), $AIB^K$(0.9211), $ES^I$(0.7895), $GC^F$(0.8947), $HB^BI$ (0.7895), $PGD^F$(0.8421), $TF^R$(0.3421)가 높은 빈도로 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1597-1606
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• 2020

Transcription factor engineering to regulate multiple genes has shown promise in the field of microalgae genetic engineering. Here, we report the first use of transcription factor engineering in Chlorella sp. HS2, thought to have potential for producing biofuels and bioproducts. We identified seven endogenous bZIP transcription factors in Chlorella sp. HS2 and named them HSbZIP1 through HSbZIP7. We overexpressed HSbZIP1, a C-type bZIP transcription factor, in Chlorella sp. HS2 with the goal of enhancing lipid production. Phenotype screening under heterotrophic conditions showed that all transformants exhibited increased fatty acid production. In particular, HSbZIP1 37 and 58 showed fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yields of 859 and 1,052 mg/l, respectively, at day 10 of growth under heterotrophic conditions, and these yields were 74% and 113% higher, respectively, than that of WT. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the improved phenotypes, we identified candidate HSbZIP1-regulated genes via transcription factor binding site analysis. We then selected three genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and investigated mRNA expression levels of the genes by qRT-PCR. The result revealed that the possible HSbZIP1-regulated genes involved in fatty acid synthesis were upregulated in the HSbZIP1 transformants. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HSbZIP1 can be utilized to improve lipid production in Chlorella sp. HS2 under heterotrophic conditions.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.208-219
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• 2001

The pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia exhibits wide inter-individual variabilities in clinical efficacy and adverse effects. Recently, human genetic diversity has been known as one of the essential factors to the variation in human drug response. This suggests that drug therapy should be tailored to the genetic characteristics of the individual. Pharmacogenetics is the field of investigation that attempts to elucidate genetic basis of an individual's responses to pharmacotherapy, considering drug effects divided into two categories as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The emerging field of pharmacogenomics, which focuses on genetic determinants of drug response at the level of the entire human genome, is important for development and prescription of safer and more effective individually tailored drugs and will aid in understanding how genetics influence drug response. In schizophrenia, pharmacogenetic studies have shown the role of genetic variants of the cytochrome P450 enzymes such as CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP2A1 in the metabolism of antipsychotic drugs. At the level of drug targets, variants of the dopamine $D_2$, $D_3$ and $D_4$, and 5-$HT_{2A}$ and 5-$HT_{2C}$ receptors have been examined. The pharmacogenetic studies in schizophrenia presently shows controversial findings which may be related to the multiple involvement of genes with relatively small effects and to the lack of standardized phenotypes. For further development in the pharmacogenomics of schizophrenia, there would be required the extensive outcome measures and definitions, and the powerful new tools of genomics, proteomics and so on.