• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2013

In this paper, we introduced various 3D printing technology and it's application on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Using the 3D printing technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) has developed 3D bio-printing system. Various 3D tissue engineered scaffolds have been fabricated by the 3D bio-printing system. Cell printing system has been also developed and it is the fundamental technology for organ regeneration in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2022

This study analyzes the Mechanical properties of a medical bone plate by 3D printing. With the recent development of 3D printing technology, it is being applied in various fields. In particular, in the medical field, the use of 3D printing technology, which was limited to the existing orthosis and surgical simulation, has recently been used to replacement bones lost due to orthopedic implants using metal 3D printing. The field of application is increasing, such as replacement. However, due to the manufacturing characteristics of 3D printing, micro pores are generated inside the metal printing output, and it is necessary to reduce the pores and the loss of mechanical properties through post-processing such as heat treatment. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the change in mechanical performance characteristics of medical metal plates manufactured by metal 3D printing under various conditions and to find efficient metal printing results. The specimen to be used in the experiment is a metal plate for trauma fixation applied to the human phalanx, and it was manufactured using the 'DMP Flex 100(3D Systems, USA), a metal 3D printer of DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) method. It was manufactured using the PBF(Powder Bed Fusion) method using Ti6Al4V ELI powder material.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.268-274
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• 2015

3D printing technology has been used in various fields such as materials science, manufacturing, education, and medical field. A number of research are underway to improve the 3D printing technology. Recently, the use of 3D printing technology for fabricating an artificial tissue, organ and bone through the laminating of cell and biocompatible material has been introduced and this could make the conformity with the desired shape or pattern for producing human entire organs for transplantation. This special printing technique is known as "3D Bio-Printing", which has potential in biomedical application including patient-customized organ out-put. In this paper, we describe the current 3D bio-printing technology, and bio-materials used in it and present it's practical applications.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.19-24
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• 2018

Fused deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the most widely used for the prototype of parts at ease. The FDM 3D printing method is a lamination manufacturing method that the resin is melted at a high temperature and piled up one by one. Another term is also referred to as FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication). 3D printing technology is mainly used only in the area of prototype production, not in production of commercial products. Therefore, if FDM 3D printer is applied to the product process of commercial products when considered, the strength and dimensional accuracy of the manufactured product is expected to be important. In this study, the mechanical properties of parts made by 3D printing with FDM method were investigated. The aim of this work is to examine how the mechanical properties of the FDM parts, by changing of processing FDM printing direction and the height of stacking layer is affected. The effect of the lamination direction and the height of the stacking layer, which are set as variables in the lamination process, by using the tensile specimen and impact specimen after the FDM manufacturing process were investigated and analyzed. The PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) was used as the filament materials for the 3D printing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.83-84
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• 2018

3D printing technology can be applied to various industries, and is trapped by major technologies that change existing manufacturing processes. 3D printing materials must satisfy designability, economy and productivity, and building materials are required to have strength and economy secured technology. 3D printing technology of construction field can be divided into structural materials and internal and external materials, and is mainly done by extruding and adapting. Particularly when it is applied as an exterior materials, it is mainly applied to an unstructured exterior materials and high accuracy is required. The exterior materials can be used as a cement composite materials, it is suitable also for a lamination type, and the role of a cement base bonding material is important. In this research, we developed a cementitious base binder applicable as a 3D printing exterior materials, confirmed density and strength characteristics for application as an exterior materials, a flame retardancy test for improving the fire resistance of buildings and confirmed its possibility.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.308-309
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• 2018

Construction automation is needed to improve construction productivity. 3D printing is a key technology of the 4th industrial revolution, and when applied to the construction field, the ripple effect is very large. In this paper, we propose a 3D printing method that can predict the 3D printing process and estimate the construction duration for each process. Through literature review and expert consultation, eight 3D printing activities for structure work were derived. Construction duration and cost estimation for each activity will be needed in the future research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.7
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• pp.124-138
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• 2016

The present study observes collaboration methods in which 3D printing was a part of the fashion manufacturing process, expression methods of such cases, and their ripple effects. As a result, the three types of collaborations between fashion designers and other industry fields, fashion brands and 3D printing companies, and fashion designers and artists. Case analysis results and ripple effects found according to each collaboration method were as follows. First, in collaborations found were between fashion designers and other industry fields, 3D printed fashion works with futuristic images were seen through the fusion of future industries, which claim to support cutting edge digital technology, and creative fashion design. As they were mainly collaborations between automobile industries with cutting edge images or digital related industries and fashion designers, they were expressed as a new form of experimental clothing, and were used as strategies to improve future corporate images of the high tech industry. Second, in collaborations between fashion brands and 3D printing technology businesses, the sporting good brands and the shoe industry attempted to let their products be known through the promotion of functional material or ergonomic technology. While they emphasize practicality by mainly using flexible material, they were mainly proposed as functional sporting goods for famous players or as shoe accessories, so methods are still used for public distribution as brand promoting marketing strategies. Third, with collaborations between fashion designers and artists, creative pieces were shown through the grafting of 3D printing technology, the artistry of artists, and the experimentation of fashion designers. In particular, the innovative value of fashion as art was created through the union of the artistic 3D modeling technology support of artists and the creativity of designers. Like this, 3D printing fashion can graft the cutting edge nature of fashion to other industry fields through collaborations, enhancing pacesetting images, and in the fashion field, it can improve possibilities for innovations in the fashion industry through the support of 3D printing technology businesses and artists, raising expectations towards future human living.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.67-84
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• 2019

Since the early 2000s, various fashion design products that use 3D printing technology have constantly been introduced to the fashion industry. However, given the nature of 3D printing technology, the flexible characteristics of material of textile fabrics is yet to be achieved. The aim of this study is to develop the optimal design conditions for production of flexible and elastic 3D printing fabric structure based on plain weave, which is the basic structure in fabric weaving using SLS 3D printing technology. As a the result this study aims to utilize appropriate design conditions as basic data for future study of flexible fashion product design such as textile material. Weaving structural design using 3D printing is based on the basic plain weave, and the warp & weft thickness of 4mm, 3mm, 2mm, 1.5mm, 1mm, and 0.7mm as expressed in Rhino 6.0 CAD software program for making a 3D model of size $1800mm{\times}180mm$ each. The completed 3D digital design work was then applied to the EOS SLS Machine through Maker ware, a program for 3D printer output, using polyamide 12 material which has a rigid durability strength, and the final results obtained through bending flexibility tests. In conclusion, when designing the fabric structure design in 3D printing using SLS method through application of polyamide 12 material, the thickness of 1 mm presented the optimal condition in order to design a durable digital textile structure with flexibility and elasticity of the 3D printing result.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2022

Objectives: Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer which is one of the material extrusion (MEX) technologies is an additive manufacturing (AM) process. 3D printers have been distributed widely in Korea, particularly in school and office, even at home. Several studies have shown that nanoparticles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were emitted from an FDM 3D printing process. The objective of this study was to identify types of chemicals possibly emitted from FDM 3D printing materials such as PLA (polylactic acid), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), nylon, PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol), PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), PC (polycarbonate) filaments. Methods: 19 FDM 3D printing filaments which have been distributed in Korea were selected and analyzed VOCs emitted of 3D printing materials by headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (headspace GC-MS). Subsamples were put into a vial and heated up to 200℃ (500 rpm) during 20 minutes before analyzing FDM 3D printing filaments. Results: In the case of PLA filament, lactide and methyl methacrylate, the monomer components of one, were detected, and the volume ratio ranged 27~93%, 0.5~37% respectively. In the case of ABS filaments, styrene (50.5~59.1%), the monomer components of one, was detected. Several VOCs among acetaldehyde, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, etc were detected from each FDM 3D printing filaments. Conclusions: Several VOCs, semi-VOCs were emitted from FDM 3D printing filaments in this study and previous studies. Users were possibly exposed to ones so that we strongly believe that we recommend to install the ventilation system such as a local exhaust ventilation (LEV) when they operate the FDM 3D printers in a workplace.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.23-31
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• 2015

With the expiration of main patent of printing method, public interest now has shifted to 3D printing. In this, it needs to shine a light on the negative effects, particularly in the socio-economic aspect of 3D printing. By analyzing the existing research findings, policy reports and press releases, the negative effects of 3D printing and its countermeasures were derived. The main drawbacks of 3D printing includes the following: It might cause 3D printing-related crimes(e.g. printed weapons, intellectual property infringement, etc.) and it poses a big threat to other related business sectors.(e.g. potential job loss in molding and medical equipments manufacturing industries) What's more, the nature of 3D printing that it is easy to operate attracts lots of people, which then leads to serious social and environmental problems-product liability, ethical issues, environmental pollution, and finally government's blindly excessive investment in 3D printing. To avoid such potential risks, the government should establish and enforce the institutional law, and guidelines. Government's rational investment decision is also inevitable for the short-term and long-term sustainability of 3D printing.