• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2015

The present paper considers the conceptual design of floating wave-offshore wind hybrid power generation system. The worldwide demand for ocean renewable energy is increasing rapidly. Wave and offshore wind energy have been attractive among the various ocean renewable energy sources, and the site to generate electricity from wave and offshore wind accords well together. This means that a hybrid power generation system, which uses wave and offshore wind energy simultaneously has many advantages and several systems have been already developed in Western Europe. A R&D project for a 10 MW class floating wave-offshore wind hybrid power generation system has been also launched in Korea. A semi-submersible platform, which has four vertical columns at each corner of the platform to be connected with horizontal pontoons, was designed for this system considering arrangements of multiple wind turbines and wave energy converters. A mooring system and power cable were also designed based on the metocean data of installation site. In the present paper, those results are presented, and the difficulties and design method in the design of hybrid power generation system are presented.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.301-310
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• 2010

Bacillus subtilis strains produce a broad spectrum of bioactive peptides. The lipopeptide surfactin belongs to one well-known class, which includes amphiphilic membrane-active biosurfactants and peptide antibiotics. Both the srfA promoter and the ComP-ComA signal transduction system are an important part of the factor that results in the production of surfactin. Bs-M49, obtained by means of low-energy ion implantation in wild-type Bs-916, produced significantly lower levels of surfactin, and had no obvious effects against R. solani. Occasionally, we found strain Bs-M49 decreased spore formation and the development of competence. Blast comparison of the sequences from Bs-916 and M49 indicate that there is no difference in the srfA operon promoter PsrfA, but there are differences in the coding sequence of the comA gene. These differences result in three missense mutations within the M49 ComA protein. RT-PCR analyses results showed that the expression levels of selected genes involved in competence and sporulation in both the wild-type Bs-916 and mutant M49 strains were significantly different. When we integrated the comA ORF into the chromosome of M49 at the amyE locus, M49 restored hemolytic activity and antifungal activity. Then, HPLC analyses results also showed the comA-complemented strain had a similar ability to produce surf actin with wild-type strain Bs-916. These data suggested that the mutation of three key amino acids in ComA greatly affected the biological activity of Bacillus subtilis. ComA protein 3D structure prediction and motif search prediction indicated that ComA has two obvious motifs common to response regulator proteins, which are the N-terminal response regulator receiver motif and the C-terminal helix-turn-helix motif. The three residues in the ComA N-terminal portion may be involved in phosphorylation activation mechanism. These structural prediction results implicate that three mutated residues in the ComA protein may play an important role in the formation of a salt-bridge to the phosphoryl group keeping active conformation to subsequent regulation of the expression of downstream genes.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.799-821
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• 2016

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are essential systems for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) operations in current battlespace. And its importance will be getting extended because of complexity and uncertainty of battlespace. In this study, we forecast the advancement of 96 UAVs during the period of 32 years from 1982 to 2014 using TFDEA. TFDEA is a quantitative technology forecasting method which is characterized as non-parametric and non-statistical mathematical programming. Inman et al. (2006) showed that TFDEA is more accurate in forecasting compared with classical econometrics (e.g. regression). This study got 4.06% point of annual technological rate of change (RoC) for UAVs by applying TFDEA. And most UAVs in the period are inefficient according to the global SOA frontiers. That is because the countries which develop UAVs are in the middle class of technological level, so more than 60% of world UAVs markets are shared by North America and Europe which are advanced countries in terms of technological maturity level. This study could give some insights for UAVs development and its advancement. And also can be used for evaluating the adequacy of Required Operational Capability (ROC) of suggested future systems and managing the progress of Research and Development (R&D).

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 1978

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) infestation in present day Korea has become one of nationwide problems. But, the incidence of pinworm infestation having been reported by many workers was almostly the data for specific groups. The incidence of pinworm infestation for 208 families of 760(male; 30, female;420) middle class inhabitant of Seoul, 238 subrural inhabitants in Gyeonggi Province and 150(male;77, female;73) rural primary students in three different districts were examined by modified Gralam's scotch-tape swab method. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The incidence of nationwide infestation a. The nationwide incidence of pinworm infestation of the 1,148 specimens examined was 28.7% (male; 27.5%, female; 29.6%). b. The highest incidence was found among 5-14 years of age. c. In comparison of the incidence by the area, the highest incidence was found among subrural area, next among rural area and the lowest among urban area. 2, Urban area a. The incidence of the 760 inhabitants examined was 23.2% (male; 24.1%, female; 22. 3%). b. The incidence of the parents group was 12.2% and children group was 30. 30.3%. c. In the parents who hold one or more pinworm poitive cases among children, the incidence of father group was 13.2% and mother group was 29.7%.3. Subrural area a. The incidence of the 238 inhabitants examined was 42.9% (male, 40.8%, female; 44.4%). b. The cumulative positive rate of anal swabs showed increasing tendency. c. Worm collection rates after chemotherapy of 98 inhabitants were 54, 0%. d. In scotch tape anal swab only one times, diagnostic value was 74.0%. e. Mother group infested with pinworm seemed to play an important role for the high incidence in individual family. f. In comparison of the incidence by the examination method, the highest incidence was found among scotch tape method. 4. Rural area The incidence of the 150 primary students examined was 34. 5% (male ; 24. 7%, female; 43.8%).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.175-186
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• 2020

This study approaches, from a floristic perspective, the under-researched human-primate competition for forest resources. Investigating the human impact on fruit trees edible for Kinda baboons (Papio kindae Lönnberg), we have collated dietary data on a free-ranging troop and floristic information on two forest sites of the Kundelungu National Park (KNP), Democratic Republic of Congo: the relatively intact Integral Zone (IZ) and the human-disturbed Annex Zone (AZ). Trees with DBH≥10 cm have been identified, counted and measured throughout 22 sample plots (11 per site), each measuring 1,000 ㎡. A total of seven woody species whose fruits are eaten by Kinda baboons were recorded. Four of them, namely the Sycamore fig Ficus sycomorus L., the Mobola plum Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth, the Kudu berry Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax and the Monkey orange Strychnos innocua Delile were found in both sites, while the Large-leaved jackal-berry Diosyros kirkii Hiern and the Buffalo thorn Ziziphus mucronata Willd. were exclusively in the IZ, and Strychnos cocculoides Baker only in the AZ. Compared to the IZ, the AZ had lower values of stem density, species richness and diversity indices, suggesting a negative human impact on baboon-edible trees, in line with our hypothesis. Moreover, as was expected, human activities decreased the abundance of larger baboon-edible fruit trees. However, the size-class distribution of P. curatellifolia depicted a reverse J-curve in the AZ. The abundant younger P. curatellifolia trees remaining in that human-disturbed site constitute an important food stock for baboons, if well preserved. These results also illustrate the critical role of rangers' patrols, formerly more frequent (and presumably efficient) in the IZ than in the AZ of the Park. Their implications on baboons and miombo forests are discussed from both the research and conservation perspectives.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2011

Self-healing materials are a class of smart materials that have the structurally incorporated ability to repair damage caused by mechanical usage over time. A material (polymers, ceramics, metals, etc.) that can intrinsically correct damage caused by normal usage could lower production costs of a number of different industrial processes through longer part lifetime, reduction of inefficiency over time caused by degradation, as well as prevent costs incurred by material failure. The recent announcement from Nissan on the commercial release of scratch healing paints for use on car bodies has gained public interest on such a wonderful property of materials. This article is a second part of healing materials dealing with inorganic engineering materials such as metals, ceramics, and concrete. The healing mechanisms developed for the inorganic materials are to be discussed with the future prospect.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.603-613
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• 1995

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate on the biodegradability, biocompatibility and tissue regenerative capacity of synthetic bioabsorbable membranes in beagle dogs. For animal study, 9 adult beagle dogs were used to examination, on the surgical implantation of membranes and histological analysis. In each animal, the 3rd and 4th premolars of the both sides of the mandible were selected as test teeth. Two types of bioresorbable membranes including "Guidor membrane", "S-membranes" were used to examining for biological activity, and also Gore-tex membranes was used for positive control. Surgically created defects were made in 2 premolars of both sides of the mandible at $3{\times}4mm^2$ in size and tested membranes were implanted in the defected area. A plaque control regimen was instituted with daily tooth brushing with a 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate during experimental periods. All the experimental animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, and 8 weeks from surgery and undecalcified slides were prepared using the "sawing and grinding" technique described by Donath and Breuner". In biodegradability, all the membranes were started their biodegradation from two weeks after implantation and gradually demolished of their frame morphology from eight weeks. However, demolition of membranes in 8 weeks after implantation was highest in Guidor membranes and followed by S-membranes. Biocompatibilityof two kinds of biodegradable membranes including Guidor and S-mambrane were shown to be well tolerated to the surrounding tissue, and were minimal accumulation of inflammatory cell infiltration around the implanted membranes to compare with Gore-tex membrane. Regeneration of defected alveolar bone was initiated from two weeks of membrane implantation and new bone formation was gradually increased from that time. However, pattern of new bone formation on the defected areas of two kinds of biodegrable membranes was almost similar and quite competitive comparing with Gore-tex membrane. These results implicate that bioresorbable membranes should be highly useful tool for guided tissue regeneration of periodontal defects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2002

Heungdukwang'(興德王) costume ordinance(834A.D.) is a very important written historical record because it reveals Tongil Shills's(統一新羅) costume. But among the clothing pieces that appeared in Heundukwang'(興德王) costume ordinance, classification of Naeoe(內衣) and Danoe(短衣) is not clear. This study focuses on the categorization of Naeoe(內衣) and Danoe(短衣). Upper garments included among costume ordinance were Pyooe(表衣), Naeoe(內衣) and Danoe(短衣), Pyooe(表衣) and aeoe(內衣) were unisex, while Danoe(短衣) was worn only by women excluding the lower class. Pyooe(表衣) is applicable to Po(袍), Naeoe(內衣) is aplicable to Yu(유). Shilla'(新羅) upper garments appearing in visual records are as follows: -With the exception of Pyooe(表衣), the length of men's upper garments were between hip and knee length. These upper garments featured V-neck and round neck styles with the left side of the garments folded over the right side. -Again excluding Pyooe(表衣), women's upper garments were similar to men's upper garments having V-neck and round necklines. We know this to be true from the relics found during the excavations of Hwangsungdong and Yonggangdong, as well as from the women in the stone reliefs of Sangju. Although we know the shape of necklines. the length of upper garments remained a mystery because women of that tome tucked in their upper garments into the skirts and/or wore an over garment. However a clay doll found around Bulguksa(佛國寺) wearing a knee length garment with V-neck. The upper garment was opened in the front and was worn over another garment with same length and round neckline. At that time, The upper garments found in China and Japan. were not much different than those found in Shilla (新羅). They also included garments that were waist length, had peach-shaped necklines, or were worn over head. Shilla's(新羅) traditional upper garment was between hip and knee length, but with the introduction and influence of Chinese costume. upper garments with a length coming down to the high waist line began to appear. In addition to Chinese influence, because Shilla's(新羅) women wore the upper garment first and then the lower garment, a long upper garment was not necessary. These shorter upper garments came to be known as 'Danoe(短衣)'When we perceive clothing. we look at silhouette first and then the details. Silhouette is much determined by length and neckline or the front of the garment determines the details, So we need to attention to the basis of ancient dress classifications. These classifications were according to first length [Po(袍), Yu(유)] and then neckline [Danryoung(團領), Jingryoung(首領)]. As a result. Naeoe(內衣) and Danoe(短衣) are classified by the length. The length (內衣) was between hip and knee length while Daneoe(短衣) was waist length. Danoe(短衣) was worn by putting the bottom of it inside skirt naeoe(內衣) was worn over a skirt or plant. But both had V-neck and round neck styles, and styles with the left side of the garments folded over the right side.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.536-547
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• 2008

Anthocyanidin synthase (ANS, leucoanthocyanidin oxygenase), a 2-oxoglutarate iron-dependent oxygenase, catalyzed the penultimate step in the biosynthesis of the anthocyanin class of flavonoids, from the colorless leucoanthocyanidins to the colored anthocyanidins. The full-length cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of ANS gene (designated as GbANS) were isolated from Ginkgo biloba for the first time. The full-length cDNA of GbANS contained a 1062-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 354-amino-acid protein. The genomic DNA analysis showed that GbANS gene had three exons and two introns. The deduced GbANS protein showed high identities to other plant ANSs. The conserved amino acids (H-X-D) ligating ferrous iron and residues (R-X-S) participating in 2-oxoglutarate binding were found in GbANS at the similar positions like other ANSs. Southern blot analysis indicated that GbANS belonged to a multi-gene family. The expression analysis by real-time PCR showed that GbANS expressed in a tissue-specific manner in G. biloba. GbANS was also found to be up-regulated by all of the six tested abiotic stresses, UV-B, abscisic acid, sucrose, salicylic acid, cold and ethylene, consistent with the promoter region analysis of GbANS. The recombinant protein was successfully expressed in E. coli strain with pET-28a vector. The in vitro enzyme activity assay by HPLC indicated that recombinant GbANS protein could catalyze the formation the cyanidin from leucocyanidin and conversion of dihydroquercetin to quercetin, suggesting GbANS is a bifunctional enzyme within the anthocyanidin and flavonol biosynthetic pathway.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.321-328
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• 2015

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand to apply the new IACS(International Association of Classification Societies) standards for ice and polar-classed ships. For ice-class vessel propulsion system, the ice impact torque design criterion is defined as a periodic harmonic function in relation to the number of the propeller blades. However, irregular or transient ice impact torque is assumed to occur likely in actual circumstances rather than these periodic loadings. In this paper, the reliability and torsional vibration characteristics of a comparatively large six-cylinder marine diesel engine for propulsion shafting system was examined and reviewed in accordance with current regulations. In this particular, the transient ice impact torque and excessive vibratory torque originating from diesel engine were interpreted and the resonant points identified through theoretical analysis. Several floating ice impacts were carried out to evaluate torque responses using the calculation method of classification rule requirement. The Newmark method was used for the transient response analysis of the whole system.