• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1739-1750
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment investigated meat color, myoglobin content, enzyme activities, and expression of genes associated with oxidative potential of pigs slaughtered at different growth stages. Methods: Sixty 4-week-old $Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$ pigs were assigned to 6 replicate groups, each containing 10 pigs. One pig from each group was sacrificed at day 35, 63, 98, and 161 to isolate longissimus dorsi and triceps muscles. Results: Meat color scores were higher in pigs at 35 d than those at 63 d and 98 d (p<0.05), and those at 98 d were lower than those at 161 d (p<0.05). The total myoglobin was higher on 161 d compared with those at 63 d and 98 d (p<0.05). Increase in the proportions of metmyoglobin and deoxymyoglobin and a decrease in oxymyoglobin were observed between days 35 and 161 (p<0.05). Meat color scores were correlated to the proportion of oxymyoglobin (r = 0.59, p<0.01), and negatively correlated with deoxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin content (r = -0.48 and -0.62, p<0.05). Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity at 35 d and 98 d was higher than that at 161 d (p<0.05). The highest lactate dehydrogenase/MDH ratio was achieved at 161 d (p<0.05). Calcineurin mRNA expression decreased at 35 d compared to that at 63 d and 98 d (p<0.05). Myocyte enhancer factor 2 mRNA results indicated a higher expression at 161 d than that at 63 d and 98 d (p<0.05). Conclusion: Porcine meat color, myoglobin content, enzyme activities, and genes associated with oxidative potential varied at different stages.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.216-227
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• 1993

Complex formations of practically insoluble antelmintic drugs such as mebendazole (MBZ), albendazole (ABZ) and flubendazole (FBZ) with dimethyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin (DM-$\beta$-CyD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin (HP-$\beta$-CyD) together with $\alpha$-, $\beta$- and $\gamma$-cyclodextrins(CyDs) in duffered solutions were investigated by solubility method. $A_{L}$ type phase solubility diagrams were obtained in all cases except for the complexation (B$_{s}$, type) of FBZ with $\gamma$-CyD. The highest stability constants were obtained with DM-$\beta$-CyD, followed by $\alpha$-CyD > $\beta$-CyD > HP-$\beta$-CyD > $\gamma$-CyD for ABZ, and HP-$\beta$-CyD > $\gamma$-CyD > $\beta$-CyD > $\alpha$-CyD for FBZ at pH 1.2. On the other hand, solid dispersion systems of ABZ and FBZ with $\beta$- and DM-$\beta$-CyDs were prepared by solvent evaporation method and evaluated by dissolution, differential thermal analysis and powder x-ray diffractometry. The dissolution rates of ABZ- and FBZ-DM-$\beta$-CyD solid dispersions were much faster than those of drugs alone, corresponding physical mixtures and tablets on market both at pH 1.2 and 6.8. Although dissolution rates of all samples at pH 6.8 were by far lower than those obtained at pH 1.2, as explained by pH-solubility profiles for ABZ and FBZ, the dissolution rates at pH 6.8 of ABZ from $\beta$- and DM-$\beta$-CyD solid dispersions exceeded the respective equilibrium solubility (23.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml). Fast dissolution of ABZ from solid dispersions with CyDs was attributed to the reduction of drug crystallinity and particle size which was supported by DTA and powder x-ray diffractometry. Consequently these results suggest that solid dispersion systems with CyDs may provide useful means to markedly enhance the solubility and dissolution of benzimidazole antelmintic drugs.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.34 no.3_4
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• pp.269-284
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• 2016

In this paper, we firstly use Krasnosel'skii fixed point theorem to investigate positive solutions for the following three-point boundary value problems for p-Laplacian with a parameter $({\phi}_P(D^{\alpha}_{0}+u(t)))^{\prime}+{\lambda}f(t, u(t))=0$, 0$D^{\alpha}_{0}+u(0)=u(0)=u{\prime}{\prime}(0)=0$, $u^{\prime}(1)={\gamma}u^{\prime}(\eta)$ where ϕ_p(s) = |s|^p−2s, p > 1, $D^{\alpha}_{0^+}$ is the Caputo's derivative, α ∈ (2, 3], η, γ ∈ (0, 1), λ > 0 is a parameter. Then we use Leggett-Williams fixed point theorem to study the existence of three positive solutions for the fractional boundary value problem $({\phi}_P(D^{\alpha}_{0}+u(t)))^{\prime}+f(t, u(t))=0$, 0$D^{\alpha}_{0}+u(0)=u(0)=u{\prime}{\prime}(0)=0$, $u^{\prime}(1)={\gamma}u^{\prime}(\eta)$ where ϕ_p(s) = |s|^p−2s, p > 1, $D^{\alpha}_{0^+}$ is the Caputo's derivative, α ∈ (2, 3], η, γ ∈ (0, 1).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1429-1436
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• 2006

Fermentation characteristics, nutrient retention and aerobic stability of barley silages prepared using 6 commercial inoculants were evaluated using 126 mini-silos (3-L) in a completely randomized design. Whole barley forage was chopped, wilted to 39% DM and treated with water (control, S) or one of six inoculants: A (containing Lactobacillus plantarum); B (L. plantarum and Enterococcus faecium); C (L. plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae); D (L. plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii, plus hydrolytic enzymes); E (Lactobacillus buchneri plus hydrolytic enzymes); F (L. buchneri and P. pentosaceus plus hydrolytic enzymes). Samples of treated forage were collected for analysis at the time of ensiling, and then 18 silos of each treatment were filled, capped and weighed. Triplicate silos were weighed and opened after 1, 3, 5, 7, 33, and 61 d. On d 61, $400{\pm}5g$ of material from each silo was placed in 1-L styrofoam containers, covered with cheesecloth and held at room temperature. Silage temperature was recorded hourly for 14 d via implanted thermocouple probes. Chemical composition of the forage at ensiling was consistent with previously reported values. At d 61, pH was lowest (p<0.01) in silage S. Ammonia-N was lower (p<0.05) in silage A than in silages S, B, E, or F. Compared to pre-ensiling values, water soluble carbohydrate concentrations were elevated in silages S, A, B, C and D, and decreased in E and F. Lactic acid concentrations were similar (p>0.10) across treatments. Acetic acid levels were highest (p<0.01) in silage E and lowest (p<0.01) in silage D. Recovery of DM was lower (p<0.01) in silage F than in silages S, A, B, C, or D. On d 61, yeasts were most numerous (p<0.01) in silage D, which was the only silage in which temperature rose more than $2^{\circ}C$ above ambient during aerobic exposure. Silage D also had the highest (p<0.01) pH and ADIN content after aerobic exposure. Lactic acid and WSC content of silage D decreased dramatically during the 14-d aerobic exposure period. Yeast counts (at d 14 of exposure) were lowest (p<0.01) in silages E and F. In general, the commercial inoculants did not appear to enhance the fermentation of barley silage to any appreciable extent in laboratory silos.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.45-59
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• 2013

This study deals with the comparative analysis between two freight demand estimation methods : Unimodal O/D based method and P/C based method. The data of access/egress truck trips has been omitted from the Korean freight unimodal O/D of KTDB. This is because KTDB's unimodal O/D has not marked the series of unlinked trips down as the whole freight intermodal transport and surveyed only the main-haul trips of them. For these reasons, freight intermodal transport mechanism has not been analysed perfectly with Korean unimodal O/D data. This study tries to estimate P/C table of Korean Import/Export container freight and develop the MCC(Multimodal Channel Choice) model. Then, comparing unimodal O/D based method and P/C based method in terms of the switch commodities between production point(the initial point of freight transport) and consumption point(the terminal point of freight transport), unimodal commodities, and commodities on links is conducted. The results show that the P/C based method is able to simulate the freight intermodal transport.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2013

The thyroid is the organ that has the greatest risk of malignant tumors among the endocrine tumors. The papillary carcinoma occupies 80% of the entire thyroid tumors. Immunohistochemical staining of galectin-3 has usually been used in differentiating papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma. The p53 gene of the cell cycle is a tumor suppressor gene acting in on the control points. The cyclin D1 genes in the cell cycle, involved in the implementation of G1 and S phase, plays an important role in the progression of thyroid tumors. This research compares and analyzes correlation between papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, p53, cyclin D1 and galectin-3 gene expression patterns. In a total of 30 cases from papillary carcinoma, 21 cases from p53 (70%), 27 cases in galectin-3 (90%), and 26 cases in cyclin D1 (86.7%) showed positive rate. The galectin-3 staining investigated, showed a significant difference between a papillary carcinoma and a follicular carcinoma. Follicular carcinoma from 15 cases, p53 in 13 cases (86.7%), galectin-3 in 5 cases (33.3%) and cyclin D1 in 12 cases (80%) showed a positive rate. The cyclin D1 in follicular carcinoma and staining between the p53 that had correlation was also investigated. In this study, as the examples of the expression of the 27 cases of galectin-3 (90%) in papillary carcinoma and 5 cases in follicular carcinoma (33.3%) indicate, it was concluded that there is a difference in the expression on both carcinoma. In addition, cyclin D1 and p53 has a positive rate in follicular carcinoma, when cyclin D1 in 12 cases (80%), there was a significant correlation that was investigated. Distinguishing between papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma can be identified by the expression of galectin-3. It is considered to get results that are more accurate in follicular carcinoma diagnosis depending on whether the cyclin D1 and p53 is expressed or not.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.484-491
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• 2018

Primer $Sj{\ddot{o}}gren's$ Syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune/inflammatory illness. The platelet indices (PIs) indicate the inflammatory response and activity/severity of many diseases. A vitamin D deficiency is accompanied by the increased tendency of autoimmune diseases. This study investigated whether the vitamin D levels are related to the altered platelet indices in pSS. A total of 261 individuals were included in this analytical cross-sectional study. The laboratory data of pSS patients were evaluated and the relationship between the PIs and vitamin D status was examined. According to these findings, in patients with pSS, the vitamin D levels were lower than the healthy control group (P<0.05). The vitamin D levels were negatively associated with PDW (P=0.012), but positively correlated with PCT (P<0.001). The cut-off point was obtained with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves for PDW: 12.53 (AUC 0.921, sensitivity 90%, specificity 85%), for PCT; 0.29 (AUC 0.660, sensitivity 68%, specificity 55%). In multivariate linear regression analysis, the most significant parameters for the effects of PDW are the following: vitamin D (${\beta}=-0.373$; t=-2.626; sig.=0.013) and plateletcrit (${\beta}=-0.308$; t=-2.13; sig.=0.040). A vitamin D deficiency may be accompanied by changes in PIs in pSS. A higher PDW and lower PCT supports the underlying inflammation, which may be vitamin D related useful parameters to consider in approaching to pSS.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.130-136
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• 2021

Purpose: The Halcyon radiotherapy platform at Groote Schuur Hospital was delivered with a factory-configured analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) beam model for dose calculation. In a recent system upgrade, the Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm was installed. Both algorithms adopt fundamentally different approaches to dose calculation. This study aimed to compare the dose distributions of cervical carcinoma RapidArc plans calculated using both algorithms. Methods: A total of 15 plans previously calculated using the AAA were retrieved and recalculated using the AXB algorithm. Comparisons were performed using the planning target volume (PTV) maximum (max) and minimum (min) doses, D95%, D98%, D50%, D2%, homogeneity index (HI), and conformity index (CI). The mean and max doses and D2% were compared for the bladder, bowel, and femoral heads. Results: The AAA calculated slightly higher targets, D98%, D95%, D50%, and CI, than the AXB algorithm (44.49 Gy vs. 44.32 Gy, P=0.129; 44.87 Gy vs. 44.70 Gy, P=0.089; 46.00 Gy vs. 45.98 Gy, P=0.154; and 0.51 vs. 0.50, P=0.200, respectively). For target min dose, D2%, max dose, and HI, the AAA scored lower than the AXB algorithm (41.24 Gy vs. 41.30 Gy, P=0.902; 47.34 Gy vs. 47.75 Gy, P<0.001; 48.62 Gy vs. 50.14 Gy, P<0.001; and 0.06 vs. 0.07, P=0.002, respectively). For bladder, bowel, and left and right femurs, the AAA calculated higher mean and max doses. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were observed for PTV D2%, max dose, HI, and bowel max dose (P>0.05).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 1997

Wild type nodulin 26(nod 26) cDNA(S262) and phodphorylation aite mutant(S262D) were constructed by a yeast expression system using pYES2 plasmids(pTES2-D262 and pTES2-S262D) were sc-reened by restriction mapping with BamHI of KpnI. S262 nod 26 contained a sreine residue at position 262 and S262D nod 26 contained the substitution mutation of serine to aspartic acid residue at position 262 were verified by automated floursent DNA sequencing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.674-682
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• 2014

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of fat-soluble vitamin administration to sows or newborn pigs on plasma vitamin status. In Exp. 1 and 2, a total of 24 and 43 newborn pigs were allotted to control and vitamin treatments (vitamin $D_3$ with variable addition of vitamins A and E) orally or by i.m. injection. In Exp. 3, pigs from Exp. 2 were allotted to 2 treatments (${\alpha}$vitamins $D_3$ and E in drinking water) for 14 d postweaning. In Exp. 4, twenty-four gestating sows were used for 2 treatments (${\pm}injection$ of a vitamin $D_3$/A/E product 2 wk prepartum). In Exp. 1 and 2, when vitamin $D_3$ was administrated orally or by i.m. injection on d 1 of age, pigs had increased plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH $D_3$) concentration 10 d after administration compared with control pigs (p<0.05). The injectable administration with vitamin $D_3$ and E was able to achieve higher plasma 25-OH $D_3$ (p<0.05) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (p<0.05) concentrations than oral administration. At weaning, the pigs in the injection group had higher plasma 25-OH $D_3$ concentration than those in the other groups in both studies (p<0.05). In Exp. 3, water supplementation of vitamin $D_3$ and E postweaning increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations at d 14 postweaning (p<0.01). In Exp. 4, when sows were injected with the vitamin $D_3$ product prepartum, serum 25-OH $D_3$ concentrations of sows at farrowing (p<0.01), and in their progeny at birth (p<0.01) and weaning (p<0.05) were increased. These results demonstrated that fat-soluble vitamin administration to newborn pigs increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ concentration regardless of administration routes and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration by the injectable route, and that water supplementation of vitamin $D_3$ and E to nursery pigs increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations. Additionally, injecting sows with vitamin $D_3$ prepartum increased 25-OH $D_3$ in sows and their offspring. If continued research demonstrates that the serum levels of 25-OH $D_3$ are critical in weanling pigs, a variety of means to increase those levels are available to swine producers.