• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.338-342
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• 2006

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 1998

The results of chromosome aberration test in mammalian cells in culture (Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells) showed no induction of structural and numerical aberrations by antifungal agents of YH1715 series regardless of metabolic activation. While positive control group (mitomycin C and benzo(a)pyrene) showed structural chromosome aberrations of 37% and 23%, respectively. The in vivo induction of micronuclei was measured in polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of male ddY mouse given YH1715R and YH1729R at 1, 0.5, 0.25 g/kg by p.o. once. After 24 hours, animals were sacrificed and evaluated 40 the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in whole erythrocytes. Although a positive response for induction of micronuclei in animals treated with mitomycin C demonstrated the sensitivity of the test system for detection of a chemical clastogen, YH1715R did not induce micronuclei in bone marrow of ddY male mice but induced cytotoxicity to bone marrow cells at the highest concentration (1 g/kg, p〈0.05), and YH1729R induced micronuclei in bone marrow of ddY male mice dose dependently (p<0.05) but did not induce cytotoxicity to bone marrow cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.792-802
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• 2009

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered to be a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics for future generations. We identified four novel hexapeptides with antimicrobial activity: KCM11 (TWWRWW-$NH_2$), KCM12 (KWRWlW-$NH_2$), KCM21 (KWWWRW-$NH_2$), and KRS22 (WRWFIH-$NH_2$), through positional scanning of a synthetic peptide combinatorial library (PS-SCL). The ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria and unicellular fungi was evaluated. KCM11 and KRS22 preferentially inhibited the normal growth of fungal strains, whereas KCM12 and KCM21 were more active against bacterial strains. Bactericidal activity was addressed in a clear zone assay against phytopathogenic bacteria, including Pectobacterium spp., Xanthomonas spp., Pseudomonas spp., etc. KCM21 showed the highest activity and was effective against a wide range of target organisms. Application of KCM21 with inoculation of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum on detached cabbage leaves resulted in an immune phenotype or a significant reduction in symptom development, depending on the peptide concentration. Cytotoxicity of the four hexapeptides was evaluated in mouse and human epithelial cell lines using an MTT test. The results revealed a lack of cytotoxic effects.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.315-320
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• 1998

In vitro skin iritation of anti-inflammatory drugs was investigated in terms of the cytotoxicity method to human skin fibroblast cells. Five anti-inflammatory drugs (Diclofenac, Naproxen, Meclofenamic acid, Ibuprofen and Fnoprofen) which are commercially available as oral preparations or injections were tested. The cytotoxicity of 5 chemicals was evaluated by using MTT[tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. NRU (neutral red uptake) assay and Alamar Blue assay after fibroblast cells had been exposed to the chemicals for 24 hours or 489 hours. The $IC_{50}$ values of the chemicals showed the comparative strength of cytotoxicity as following order of Meclofenamic acid>Diclofenac>Fenoprofen>Ibuprofen>Naproxen. The values of $IC_{50}$ determined by Alamar Blue assay were lower than those of MTT and NRU assay. These data suggest Alamar Blue assay can be useful method for assessing in vitro skin irritation potential of anti-inflammatory drugs.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 1996

This laboratory has recently reported the synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity of PT(II) complexes containing ethylenediamine and diphosphine. In view of the reports of others, cisplatin is toxic to the kidney since the kidney's vulnerability to PT(II) complexes may originate in its ability to accumulate and retain platinum to a greater degree than other organs. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these synthetic PT(II) complexes on the primary cultured proximal tubular cells of rabbit kidney and renal cortical cells of human kidney was investigated. Three endpoints for cytotoxicity tests were evaluated:3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), $^3H$-thymidine uptake and the glucose consumption tests. The rank order of sensitivity exhibited $^3H$-thymidine uptake>MTT>glucose consumption test. The agents with diphosphine leaving group were significantly less cytotoxic than cisplatin. Moreover, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) exhibited less cytotoxicity than 1.3-bis (diphenylphosphino)propane (DPPP) against on rabbit and human cultured kidney cells. Based on these results, the decreased nephrotoxicity of these new complexes over cisplatin appeared to be partially attributable to a leaving group of DPPP and DPPE. This novel class of platinum compound represents a valuable lead in the development of a "third-generation" agent.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.201-205
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to evaluate of the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect, cytotoxicity and tyrosinase inhibition activities using methanol extracts from different parts of four herb plants. The results showed that whole and root extracts of yarrow the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents as well as whole of yarrow revealed the highest DPPH radical scavenging effect. In cytotoxicity test against three cancer cell lines, HeLa (uterus), SK-Hep-1 (liver), and YD-15 (oral), the whole extract of feverfew showed the highest toxicity with $IC_{50}$ values of $102.58-138.68{\mu}g/mL$. Also, mallow root extract ($71.24{\mu}g/mL$) exhibited potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity comparable to arbutin ($69.56{\mu}g/mL$), which was used as the control.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.281-286
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• 2002

To understand the cytotoxic mechanism of $MPP^+,$ we examined the involvement of ceramide in $MPP^+-induced$ cytotoxicity to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. When SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to $MPP^+,\;MPP^+$ induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity accompanied by 2-fold elevation of intracellular ceramide levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Three methods were used to test the hypothesis that the elevated intracellular ceramide is related to $MPP^+-induced$ cytotoxicity: $C_2-ceramide$ was directly applied to cells, sphingomyelinase (SMase) was exogenously added, and oleoylethanolamine (OE) was used to inhibit degradation of ceramide. Furthermore, inhibition of ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP), the effector of ceramide, using okadaic acid (OA) attenuated cell death but treatment of fumonisin $B_1,$ the ceramide synthase inhibitor, did not alter the cytotoxic effect of $MPP^+.$ Based on these, we suggest that the elevation of intracellular ceramide is one of the important mediators in $MPP^+-induced$ cell death.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2013

Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of four different root canal sealers i.e. Apexit Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), Endomethasone N (Septodont), AH-26 (Dentsply) and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer (Pulpdent), on a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Materials and Methods: Thirty two discs for each sealer (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were fabricated in Teflon mould. The sealer extraction was made in cell culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMEM) using the ratio 1.25 $cm^2/mL$ between the surface of the sealer samples and the volume of medium in a shaker incubator. Extraction of each sealer was obtained at 24 hr, 7th day, 14th day, and one month of interval. These extracts were incubated with L929 cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done. Two-way ANOVA for interaction effects between sealer and time and Post-hoc multiple comparison using Tukey's test across all the 16 different groups were used for statistical analysis. Results: Apexit Plus root canal sealer was significantly less toxic than other sealers (p < 0.05) and showed higher cellular growth than control. Endomethasone N showed mild cytotoxicity. AH-26 showed severe toxicity which became mild after one month while Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer showed severe to moderate toxicity. Conclusions: Apexit Plus was relatively biocompatible sealer as compared to other three sealers which were cytotoxic at their initial stages, however, they became biocompatible with time.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.128-135
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• 2014

Objective: This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of fixed orthodontic treatment with three different light-cured orthodontic bonding composites by analyzing micronucleus (MN) formation in the buccal mucosa during a 6-month period. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers were selected from consecutive patients referred for orthodontic treatment. Equilibrium 2 brackets and molar tubes (Dentaurum) were bonded with three different lightcured orthodontic bonding composites-Transbond XT (3M Unitek), Kurasper F (Kuraray Europe), or GrenGloo (Ormco Corporation)- to all teeth in both arches. Exfoliated buccal epithelial cells were scraped from the middle part of the inner cheeks with sterile cement spatulas before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. MNs and nuclear alterations, such as karyorrhexis (KR), karyolysis (KL), and binucleated cells (BNs), were scored under a light microscope. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to calculate statistical differences in degenerative nuclear abnormalities. Results: MN rates did not significantly differ among different time points within the same cell type (p > 0.05). In contrast, the number of BNs in buccal epithelial cells significantly increased in all composite groups (p < 0.01, Transbond XT; p < 0.001, Kurasper F and GrenGloo). KL frequency significantly increased between the beginning and end of the study in the Kurasfer F ($0.80{\pm}0.79$ to $1.90{\pm}1.10$; p < 0.05) and GrenGloo ($1.30{\pm}1.06$ to $2.40{\pm}1.08$; p < 0.05) groups. Conclusions: After 6 months of fixed orthodontic treatment with different light-cured composites, morphological signs of cytotoxicity were observed but genotoxic effects were absent.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.273-277
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• 1995

Sixty kinds of medicinal plants were examined upon the cytotoxicity against L1210 mouse leukemia cells. Isolation and purification of effective antitumor substances from Chysanthemum boreale had been performed which appeared strong cytotoxicity, In cytotoxicity test of the each solvent fractions, $ED_{50}$ values of chloroform fraction against L1210, K562 and A549 cells were shown as 3.98, 4.28, 3.84 (${\mu}g/ml$), respectively. Compound I and II were purified from the chloroform fraction. Between the purified compounds, $ED_{50}$ values of Compound I against L1210, K562 and A549 cells were shown as 0.55, 0.0003, 0.001 (${\mu}g/ml$), respectivety. Whereas Compound II was shu as 4.79 against K562.