• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2001

Whlie cytologic characteristics of squamous dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix are well documented, relatively few studios have dealt with the cellular features of microinvasive carcinoma. In order to describe the cellular characteristics of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma, we retrospectively reviewed 45 cervovaginal smears(15 carcinoma in situ, 15 microinvasive cancer, 15 invasive cancer) which were confirmed by histologic examination of specimens obtained by hysterectomy at the Seoul National University Hospital during S years from 1995 to 1999. The cytologic features about tumor diathesis, inflammatory background, ceil arrangement, anisonucleosis, nuclear membrane irregularity, nuclear chromatin pattern, and nucleoli were observed. The cytologlc characteristics of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix are syncytial pattern, mild tumor diathesis, the irregularity of nuclear membrane, irregularly distributed nuclear chromatin, and occurrence of micronucleoli. But, correlation between the depth of Invasion and the cytologic feature had limited value.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 1991

Liver is generally known as an organ which is most commonly involved by the metastic tumors. According to the tendency of using fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of hepatic tumors, the differentital diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic carcinoma frequently has been a main issue in the poorly differentitated cases, especially to the pathologists of Korea, an endemic area of hepatocellular carcinoma. Until now the problem has been usually solved by the comparison of cytologic characteristics of their tumor cells but not by background cytologic features which rarely have been studied. We observed the background cytologic features helpful for the differential diagnosis through the analysis of 20 cases who had confirmed primary cancer and were diagnosed as metastatic carcinomas in the liver by fine needle aspiration cytology. Twenty cases included 9 adenocarcinomas, 7 spuamous cell carcinomas, 1 small cell carcinoma, 1 carcinoid, 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 1 renal cell cacinoma. Analysis of background cytologic features revealed that 77% of adenocacinoma cases showed benign mesenchymal components and hepatocytes and spuamous cell carcinoma cases disclosed benign mesenchymal tissue (71%) and necrosis (57%), Remaining cases showed variable combinations of benign mesenchymal component, necrosis, hepatocytes, and bile duct epithelial cells. No case revealed atypical hepatocytic naked nuclei, a useful cytologic finding of hepatocellular carcinoma. In summary, the background cytologic features more commonly observed in metastatic carcinomas than in the hepatocellular carcinoma were benign mesenchymal components, hepatocytes, necrosis, and bile duct epithelium. The endothelial cells and hepatocytic naked nuclei, two relatively specific findings of hepatocellular carcinoma were not observed except for renal ceil carcinoma. Above background cytologic features are thought to be helpful for the differential diagnosis between the hepatocellular carcinoma and various metastatic carcinomas in the poorly differentiated cases.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 1991

Localized or solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the pleura has been classified as a type of mesothelioma, arising from the submesothelial connective tissue cells. The preoperative diagnosis of the tumor at the cytologic or histologic level is very important for the proper handling of the lesion. This preoperative diagnosis is now possible by means of the advance in the transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) techniques and in the very experience of the cytopathologists. We describe FNA cytologic feature of two cases of SFT arising from the pleura. Cytologic, histologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic characteristics of pleural SFT are discussed. The tumor cells of SFT are spindle or oval in shape with a variable amount of cytoplasm. They are arranged in irregular trabeculae intimately associated with capillaries. A unique cytologic feature observed in this tumor is that thick, eosinophilic, amorphous collagen bundles are scattered between tumor cells.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2008

The major categories of neuroendocrine tumors of lung are typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. The histologic classification criteria of neuroendocrine tumors are well documented in the "WHO Classification of Tumors" based on mitotic figures and necrosis. Cytologic characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors are trabecular, acinar, and solid arrangement of tumor cells and occasional rosette formation. Nuclear chromatin patterns are characteristically described as "salt and pepper chromatin pattern". Many of cytologic classifications documented in the literature are before the "WHO Classification". In this review, the cytologic features of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are documented according to the WHO classification, and recent concepts of neuroendocrine tumors of lung are discussed.

• 대한세포병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.06a
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• pp.31.2-32
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• 1992

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.116-124
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• 1995

Eighty cases of malignant effusion were cytologically studied to elucidate the incidence of primary tumor site and cytologic characteristics of each tumor types. Eighty fluid specimens were composed of 43 ascitic, 35 pleural, and 2 pericardial effusion and primary tumor site had been confirmed by histology. The frequent primary sites were stomach(22 cases, 28%), lung(21 cases, 26%), ovary(11 cases, 14%), liver(7 cases, 9%), and breast (4 cases, 5%). The principal malignant tumors were adenocarcinoma (56 cases, 70%), squamous cell carcinoma (7 cases, 9%), liver cell carcinoma (7 cases, 9%), small cell carcinoma (4 cases, 5%), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (4 cases, 5%). The distinctive cytologic findings according to primary tumor types were as follows; the gastric adenocarcinomas were mainly characterized by isolated cells and irregular clusters sometimes with signet ring cells. Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary showed frequently papillary clusters and occasional psammoma bodies. Breast carcinoma of ductal type showed cell balls with smooth margins. Colonic adenocarcinoma showed rather irregular clusters or palisading pattern of cylindrical cells. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, liver cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and non-Hodgkln's lymphoma showed also characteristic features. These findings Indicate that the cytological features observed in the great majority of malignant effusion are similar to those of primary tumor types, which are very helpful to indentify the primary tumor site.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2001

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma(CXPA) is a rare malignant tumor of the salivary gland, fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) of which are rarely reported. We retrospectively reviewed FNAC of five cases of histologically proven CXPA of the salivary glands diagnosed in Seoul National University Hospital to evaluate their cytologic characteristics. Histologically, the carcinoma components were low-grade in three cases and high-grade in two cases. The cytologic diagnosis were malignancy in two cases(40%), suspicious for malignancy in one(20%), and benign(pleomorphic adenoma) in two(40%). All of the high-grade carcinomas were correctly diagnosed by FNAC, however, 2 cases of low-grade carcinomas were diagnosed as benign by FNAC. The low sensitivity in cytologic diagnosis is due to interpretative difficulties in low-grade tumors. The characteristic cytologic features of CXPA were high cellularity, necrotic, bloody, and inflammatory background, marked nuclear overlapping, coarsely granular chromatin, prominent macronucleoli, and atypical mitosis in epithelial component in addition to the typical biphasic pattern of pleomorphic adenoma consisting of epithelial cells admired with spindle-shaped cells and chondromyxoid stroma. Even though low-grade tumors show mild pleomorphism, the cytologic findings of necrotic background, moderate to high cellularity, and nuclear overlapping could lead to an accurate cytodiagnosis of CXPA.

• 대한세포병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.06a
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• pp.36-36
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• 1993

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.116-119
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• 2004

Primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix is rare and cytomorphology in the vaginal smear have not been previously described in Korean literatures. The cytologic characteristics of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix include : malignant cells with abundant, finely vacuolated cytoplasm ; hobnail appearance, and distinctive basement membrane-like hyaline materials within cellular aggregates. A 36-year-old woman presented with vaginal bleeding. Cytologic examination of vaginal smear and histopathologic examination of a radical hysterectomy specimen allowed the diagnosis of hemorrhagic tumor in the uterine cervix as a clear cell adenocarcinoma. Cytologic findings were very characteristic. The tumor cells had abundant, pale, finely vacuolated cytoplasm with indistinct cytoplasmic membrane. The nuclei were round to oval with finely dispersed chromatin. Extracellular basement membrane-like hyaline substance, which stained a light green color in Papanicolaou's preparation, was frequently observed within the cancer cell clusters.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

In an attempt to better define the cytologic characteristics of schwannomas, we have reviewed aspirates and corresponding histologic sections from 23 schwannomas. Of this number, the original cytologic diagnoses were: schwannoma in 14 cases (61%), benign soft tissue tumor in 2 cases (9%), and insufficient specimen in 7 cases (30%). The cytologic findings common to all cases of schwannoma included fragments of tightly cohesive fascicles with variable cellularity and corresponding Antoni type A area. The Antoni type B area, consisting of scattered spindle cells and some histiocytes and lymphocytes against a myxoid background, was seen in 14 cases. Fibrillary stroma was seen in 12 cases. The tumor cells had spindle- or ovalshaped nuclei, with pointed ends and indistinct cell borders. Nuclear palisading was seen in 10 cases, and distinctive Verocay bodies were seen in 5 cases. In ancient schwannomas, there were no Verocay bodies. Most schwannomas have distinct cytomorphologic features that allow correct diagnosis. The major problem with fine needle aspiration cytology of these tumors is the high frequency of poor cellularity, particularly in lesions with cystic degeneration. Of 7 cases with insufficient specimen, 4 showed marked cystic changes and 1 showed marked hyaline changes on histologic sections. In conclusion, we believe that if cytopathologist reminds the situation such as cystic degeneration or hyaline degeneration, the correct diagnosis of the schwannoma will be easily made.