• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.411-419
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• 2010

Korean mistletoe has a variety of biological effects, such as immunoadjuvant activities. This study investigates the effects of Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album L. var. coloratum agglutinin, VCA) on human T lymphocytes to determine whether VCA acts as an immunomodulator. Purified human T-lymphocytes were cultured with VCA and RNA from each point was analyzed using Affymetrix human genome chips containing 22,500 probe sets which represents more than 18,000 transcripts derived from 14,500 human genes. As a result, there was a striking upregulation of genes coding for chemokines. Seventeen genes out of 50 coding for proteins with chemokine activity were upregulated including CXCL9 and IL-8 which are related to the treatment of cancer. In addition, 28 cytokine genes were upregulated including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-$\gamma$, and TNF-$\alpha$. Taken together, the data suggest that Korean mistletoe lectin, in parallel with European mistletoe, has an ability to modulate human T cell function.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.181-185
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• 2001

The morphological characteristics of newly isolated Cordyceps hepialidicola were characterized, and the phylogenetic relationships with other Cordyceps species were investigated using a sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The PCR product of 592 bp showed a homology of 92 and 91% with C. militaris and C. nutans, respectively, In an in vitro model using mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), a methanol extract of C. hepialidicola induced multiple cytokines, including IFN-${\gamma}$ IL-4, and IL-18. The extract also enhanced the percentages of the CD4$\^$+/ and CD8$\sub$+/ T cells in the healthy murine PBMCs to 56.1% and 13.0%,respectively. The percentages of CD4$\^$+/ and CD8$\^$+/ in the untreated controls were 28.4 and 7.3%, and concanavalin A-treated positive controls were 62.4 and 18.3%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2009

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are key players in host defense against various microbial infections. We investigated the role of NKT cells in immune response to A. phagocytophilum infection using NKT-knockout ($J\alpha$18-/-) mice. $J\alpha$18-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were infected with low-passage A. phagocytophilum and assayed for hepatic histopathology and cytokine production during 7 days post-infection. Compared to WT controls, the infected $J\alpha$18 -/- mice had much less histopathologic lesions and less apoptosis through day 7, and lower concentrations of ${IFN\gamma}$ and IL- 12, but not of IL-10. This result suggests that NKT cells are major components in the pathogenesis of HGA.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2002

본 연구는 P. gingivalis biofilm을 쥐에 면역했을 경우 숙주의 면역체계중에서 T 임파구가 어떻게 반응하는가를 비교연구한 것으로 P. gingivalis biofilm은 단일 세균으로 구성된 것과, F. nucleatum과 복합된 것 공히 T 임파구가 유리하는 cytokine 중에서 IFN-gamma의 현저한 감소를 초래하는 것으로 판명되어, 향후 숙주 면역방어체계에 미치는 영향을 연구하는 중요한 지침자료를 제공해 주었다.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.635-641
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• 1999

In this study, we investigated the immunopotent activities of lepidan, a water soluble proteoglycan from Lentinus lepideus. To examine whether lepidan may affect nonspecific immune responses, we determined the effect on the production of nitric oxide (NO). Lepidan effectively increased the NO production in IFN-${\gamma}$ and LPS triggered RAW 264.7 cells. To further demonstrate the evidence that lepidan activates various immune cells, we determined the alkaline phosphatase activity, plaque-forming cell number and secretion of interleukine-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) after lepidan treatment in murine splenocytes. The results showed that lepidan increased alkaline phosphatase activity and the number of plaque-forming cells, which indicates that lepidan can lead B lymphocytes to late stage of differentiation. Also, when the splenocytes were cultured with lepidan for 48 hr, the level of IL-4 and GM-CSF in the supernatant dramatically increased. Taken together, these data suggest that lepidan is a biological response modulator that is able to activate immune responses.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.276.2-276.2
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• 2002

Glycosaminoglycans(PT -Gag) were isolated from the porcine testis. From the PT -Gag. we obtained two different types of Gag fractions using Dowex macroporous Resin MSA-1 column. PT-Gag-1.5% NaCl and PT -Gag-16% NaCl. Various biological activities of the GAGs were examined in aspect of anticoagulant and immunomodulating activity. The anticoagulant activity of the GAGs was evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT ) assay and thrombin time (TT) assay. The GAGs of porcine testis markedly increased the clotting times of both of aPTT and TT. showing that PT-Gag-16% NaCl was more effective than PT-Gag-1.5% NaCl. The immunomodulating activity of the GAGs was examined in relation to regulation of cytokine production of mutine peritoneal macrophages. Treatment with the GAGs promonently enhanced the prodution of cytokines. IFN-${\gamma}$, from macrophages. Taken together. GAGs isolated from porcine testis possess biological functions such as anticoagulant and immunomodulating activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.919-928
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• 2017

The immuno-enhancing effects of alginate oligosaccharides from Sargassum coreanum were investigated. The alginate oligosaccharides were produced by an alginate-degrading enzyme from S. oneidensis PKA 1008. The degraded alginate oligosaccharides were visualized by thin-layer chromatography developed using a solvent system of 1-butanol/methanol/water, 4:1:2 (v/v/v). Alginate was degraded into dimmers at 60 h. As a result, the levels of Th1 cytokine [interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ and interleukin (IL)-2] and Th2 cytokine (IL-6 and IL-10) increased with increasing incubation time compared to the control in vitro. Enzymatic extract treatment promoted proliferation of splenocytes at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg at 24 h in vivo. Secretion of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-2 significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner at 24 h as well as induced higher production of IgG2a in serum. Natural killer cell activity was measured and tended to increase. In addition, complete blood cell counts increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that alginate oligosaccharides produced by crude enzyme from S. oneidensis PKA 1008 may have significant immune activities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3077-3084
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• 2016

Various beneficial effects have been described for fermented papaya preparation (FPP: SAIDO-PS501) based on its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory functions. The present study was designed to determine the effects of FPP on carcinogenesis in vivo, and immunomodulatory function in vitro. Mice were injected with RL male 1 cells subcutaneously or 3-methylcholantherene (MCA) intravenously to induce cancer and orally or intraperitoneally treated with FPP solution. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from healthy volunteers and patients with atopic dermatitis, treated with FPP, and subjected to measurement of cytokine production and changes in Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cell (Treg) stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Administration of FPP suppressed tumor size and the incidence of malignancy. In vitro, treatment of PBMC with FPP induced IL-$1{\beta}$, $TNF{\alpha}$ and $IFN{\gamma}$ production. Moreover, FPP suppressed proliferation of PHA-stimulated Foxp3-expressing Treg. These results suggest that FPP has chemotherapeutic properties.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.4 s.143
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• pp.338-343
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• 2005

Inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha}),\;interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma})$ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are thought to play major roles in joint diseases such as a rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and there is considerable evidence playing a role for these cytokines in osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, we have studied the effects on anti-inflammation and analgesic by ethyl acetate fraction from 70% ethanol extract of Artemisia capillaries (EAC). As a positive control, apigenin, which is known as an anti-inflammatory agent as an iNOS inhibitor, was used and showed the dose-dependent inhibitory effect. EAC showed strong inhibitory efficacy against cytokine-induced proteoglycan degradation, $PGE_2$ production, nitric oxide (NO) production, and matrix-matalloproteinases (MMPs) expression in rabbit articular chondrocyte. In the writhing test induced by acetic acid, EAC $(200{\sim}400\;mg/kg)$ exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of writhing. The results indicate that EAC have anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, and could be a good herbal medicine candidate for curing of RA and/or OA.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.641-649
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• 2012

To investigate scientific evidence for the use of a Korean Medicine (KM), the papers regarding Sipjeondabo-tang (Shiquandabu-tang) frequently used in Korean medical clinics and hospitals were collected and analyzed. The papers were classified as being from domestic or international journals and by the year of publication. The mechanisms of immuno-activity Sipjeondabo-tang (Shiquandabu-tang) were researched. Among 41 papers, 4 were published as Korean papers whereas 7 were as Chinese papers and 40 were as Japanese papers. Sipjeondabo-tang (Shiquandabu-tang) regulated the productions of Th1 cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), and Th2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12 improving the function of immune organ including bone marrow, spleen, liver, thymus and peyer's patch. It also modulated the releases of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) and IgM. Thus, Sipjeondabo-tang (Shiquandabu-tang) balanced the Th1/Th2 immune responses as well as T/B cell. The regulation of immunoactivity could be speculated as an objective and scientific evidence of Sipjeondabo-tang (Shiquandabu-tang).