• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2019

A new species, Pythium subutonaiense, isolated from aquatic environments (lake) in China is being described based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. The isolates grew at temperatures between $5^{\circ}C$ and $38^{\circ}C$, and the optimum temperature was $30^{\circ}C$, with a radial growth rate of 17.6 mm at $25^{\circ}C$ per day. It is homothallic and characterized by globose to sub-globose shaped and mostly terminal or sometimes catenulate hyphal swellings, filamentous non-inflated sporangia, and smooth oogonia with hypogynous and monoclinous antheridia that contained one plerotic oospore. In phylogenetic analysis, inferred based on the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene, the new species formed a distinct lineage in Pythium clade B. Differences between the new species and phylogenetically related and morphologically similar species are discussed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.188-202
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• 2011

Objectives : Oxidative stress seems to play a major role in mechanisms by which ethanol causes liver injury. Previous studies have shown that treatment with Chungganhaeju-tang (Qingganjiejiu-tang, CGHJT) has protective effects on alcoholic liver disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Chungganhaeju-tang on oxidative stress. Materials and Methods : In vitro, we evaluated the inhibitory activities of CGHJT on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), xanthine oxidase, trypsin, and hyaluronidase, and measured cell viability, and proliferation. In the cell culture model, we measured the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) after CGHJT treatment in C34 and E47 cell lines, HepG2 cells transfected with/without the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene. In vivo, we measured malondialdehyde levels in the liver tissue and alcohol concentration in the blood. Results : CGHJT showed significant free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and xanthine oxidase in the in vitro study, and increased cell viability, proliferation, and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase in C34 and in E47 cell lines. CGHJT reduced malondialdehyde levels and blood alcohol concentration in vivo, as well. Conclusions : This study suggests that CGHJT has antioxidant effects on oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation and inhibiting the ethanol induced suppression of antioxidant enzyme activities.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2014

Cleantioides planicauda (Benedict, 1899) has previously been recorded in China and Japan. In the present study, to our knowledge, we report for the first time the occurrence of this species in South Korea. Here, we provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of the diagnostic characteristics of C. planicauda. Further, for the first time, we determined the partial sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene of C. planicauda for molecular characteristic. Additionally, we provide a key to the Korean species and distribution of the genus Cleantioides. As a result of this study, four species of the genus Cleantioides, including C. planicauda, have now been recorded in South Korea.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.309-312
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• 2016

Cleantioides rotundata (Kussakin, 1982) is reported for the first time in South Korea. Specimens of C. rotundata were collected with a small hand net from the intertidal zone of Opo-ri, Yeongdeok-gun in South Korea. This species makes tubes using seagrass debris at our sampling location and distinguished by the following characteristics: pleotelson long, length almost 1.6 times as long as width; dorsum of distal one third with deeply bilobed depression on plane. In this paper, we provide descriptions of diagnostic characteristics and illustrations of morphology of C. rotundata. Additionally, a key to the Korean species of the genus Cleantioides is provided and the partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) are provided as molecular characteristics.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2018

The genus Callochiton Gray, 1847 is small to medium sized chiton (up to $55{\times}36mm$ in size) and includes approximately 30 species worldwide, most of which are found on hard substrata in subtidal zone. To date, only three species of Callochiton Gray, 1847 have been reported in Japan. In this study, we found C. foveolatus(Is. Taki, 1938) as first record of the family Callochitonidae Plate, 1901 in Korea and its morphological features were described and compared with other northwestern Pacific species. In addition, the partial fragment of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences of C. foveolatus was determined as DNA barcoding record and compared with other congeneric species.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2003

We describe here the complete nucleotide sequence and the exon-intron structure of the luciferase gene of the firefly, Pyrocoelia rufa. The luciferase gene of the P. rufa firefly consisted of six introns and seven exons coding for 548 amino acid residues. From the translational start site to the end of last exon, however, the genomic DNA length of the P. rufa luciferase gene from the Korean and Chinese samples spans 1,968 bp and 1983 bp, respectively, and 3 amino acid residues were different to each other. Additionally, we also analyzed mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I(COI) gene of the Chinese P. rufa fireflies. Analysis of DNA sequences from the mitochondrial COI protein-coding gene revealed 4 mitochondrial DNA sequence-based haplotypes with a maximum divergence of 0.7％. With the 20 P. rufa haplotypes found in Korea, phylogenetic analyses using PAUP and PHYLIP subdivided the P. rufa into three clades, termed clades A and B for the Korean sample, and clade C for the Chinese sample.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2023

Nysius plebeius is a major lygaeid pest of various cereal crops and ornamental plants in East Asian countries, including Korea. The complete mitochondrial genome of N. plebeius was characterized and found to comprise a total of 17,367 bp, which included 13 protein-coding genes, NADH dehydrogenase components (complex I, ND), cytochrome oxidase subunits (complex VI, COX), cytochrome oxidase b (CYPB), two ATP synthases, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNAs. The GC content of 23%. It showed high sequence similarity to other Lygaeidae species, such as N. cymoides (94.5%), N. fuscovittatus (91.7%), and an unknown Nysius species (94.1%). This new N. plebeius mitochondrial genome can be widely used for evolutionary studies of Lygaeidae and to improve pest management practices.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.331-349
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• 1996

Cytochrome P45O is an oxidase involved in oxidation of alcohol and is known to be an activator of carcinogen. The present study was performed to study the effect of alcohol and cold stress on the expression of Cytochrome P450 IIEl (CYPIIE1) In the liver and salivary glands in rats by an immunoblot analysis. Sixteen rats were divided into 4 groups; 1)rats belonging to group I were allowed to take 15%(v/v) ethyl alcohol as a drink ad libitum: 2)rats of group II were bathed in cold water for 30 sec twice a day (during the one-week experiment); 3)rats comprising group III were received alcohol and cold stress as described above; 4)rats of group IV were selected as a control. The rat were sacrificed at the end of the one-week experiment. The livers and parotid and submandibular salivary glands were removed and stored at -2$0^{\circ}C$ until use. The stored organs were homogenized for 10 sec and the supernatants were obtained by centrifugation. The proteins of the supernatants were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subjected to Western blotting. The blotted membranes were incubated with polyclonal antibodies to CYPIIEI . The obtained results were as follows : 1. The expression of CYPIIEl was apparently negative in the liver and salivary glands of group IV, wheras its expression was marked in the experiment groups I, II. and III. 2. No difference in the expression of CYPIIEl in the liver and salivary glands was observed between the experiment groups I, II, and III. 3. Among the experiment groups, the expression of CYPIIE1 in the liver was much greater than in the salivary glands. The expression of CYPIIE1 in the submandibular gland was weakly positive but was greater than in the carotid gland.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.357-363
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• 1987

The transition temperature of respiratory activity of mitochondria isolated from panicles of rice plant was measured with 41 varieties bred in Korea, which had been agronomically classified into five groups based on their relative cold-tolerance; S (strong cold-tolerance), S-M (moderate to strong cold-tolerance), M (moderate cold-tolerance), M-W (moderate to weak cold-tolerance) and W (weak cold-tolerance). The temperature was found to be $11.5{\sim}13.5^{\circ}C$ for group S, $13.5{\sim}16^{\circ}C$ for group S-M, $16{\sim}17^{\circ}C$ for group M, $17{\sim}18^{\circ}C$ for group M-W, and ${\geq}18^{\circ}C$ for group W respectively with a few exceptions of minor deviation, demonstrating a close correlation between the transition temperature and the chilling susceptivity of a variety. This observation supports the suggestion that the transition temperature of respiratory activity of panicles be adopted as a reliable index for grading a rice variety as to its overall cold tolerance. Also studied is on the methodology for measurement of the transition temperature in the aspect of analytical biochemistry. In addition to the usual polarographic method, a spectrophotometric method which is based on the enzymatic assay of membrane-bound cytochrome C oxidase was examined. This enzyme was found previousely and confirmed again in the present work to be a key factor governing the respiratory trantion at least in plant mitochondria. The optical method was turned out to be very successful, although it was a little more complicate and time-consuming than the electrochemical method.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.254-258
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• 1997

To examine the characteristics of the antioxidative property of Buckwheat components, acetone extracts from a buckwheat, Suwon 5, was fractionated using five solvents. Hexane, ethylacetate, ether, butanol and water fractions were obtained. Butanol fraction showed the greatest electron donating ability and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. It also showed the most excellent activity in the superoxide radical scavenging activity by xanthine/xanthine oxidase-cytochrome c reduction system. Spectrophotogram of butanol fraction was similar to that of rutin. Superoxide radical scavenging activity was related to the contents of rutin. Inhibitory effect of each fraction on xanthine oxidase was also measured. Butanol fraction had the strongest inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase and $IC_{50}\;was\;3.1\;{\mu}g$. The inhibition type of butanol fraction on xanthine oxidase turned out to be a mixture of the uncompetitive and non-competitive modes.