• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2011

반복수평하중을 받는 말뚝의 거동은 반복하중의 크기와 재하횟수 뿐만 아니라 반복하중의 재하방법(한방향 또는 양방향 재하)에도 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 반복수평하중의 재하방법이 모래지반에 타입된 항타말뚝의 거동에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해서 가압토조를 이용한 모형말뚝재하시험을 수행하였다. 실험결과에 따르면 반복수평하중을 한방향으로 받는 말뚝의 누적 영구수평변위는 최초 재하방향과 같은 방향으로 발생하지만, 반복하중을 양방향으로 받는 말뚝의 영구수평변위는 최초 재하방향과 반대 방향으로 발생하였다. 그리고 이와 같은 반복하중의 재하방법에 따른 말뚝 영구수평변위의 변화로 인해 한방향 반복재하는 말뚝의 반복극한수평지지력을 감소시키고 양방향 반복 재하는 말뚝의 반복극한수평지지력을 증가시켰으며, 수평하중의 반복재하횟수가 많아질수록 하중의 재하방법에 따른 말뚝의 반복극한수평지지력 차이는 더욱 확대되었다. 또한 반복수평하중의 재하방법에 따른 말뚝 주변지반의 다짐도 차이로 인해 수평하중이 반복재하되는 동안 말뚝에 발생하는 최대 휨모멘트는 반복하중이 양방향보다 한방향으로 재하되는 경우에 더 크게 나타났다. 그러나 극한상태에서 말뚝에 발생한 최대 휨모멘트는 반복하중이 한방향보다 양방향으로 재하된 경우에 그리고 반복재하를 받은 경우보다 그렇지 않은 경우에 더 큰 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2022

해양지반에 설치된 구조물은 육상지반에 설치된 구조물과는 달리 해상에서의 파하중, 풍하중, 그리고 조류하중 등과 같은 장기 반복하중을 고려해야 된다. 이에 해양지반에 설치된 구조물을 설계하기 위해서는 장기 반복하중을 받는 지반의 거동을 분석하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 반복단순전단시험을 수행하여 구속압에 따른 장기반복하중에 대한 지반거동을 분석하고, 구속압에 따른 파괴특성을 쉽게 확인할 수 있는 3차원 설계파괴곡선을 작성하였다. 분석결과, 동일한 반복전단응력비와 평균전단응력비 조건이어도 구속압에 따라 설계파괴곡선의 위치가 차이가 있었으며, 파괴에 도달하는 반복하중횟수가 구속압에 영향을 받는 것을 확인하였다. 작성한 구속압에 따른 3차원 설계파괴곡선은 구속압에 따른 설계파괴곡선의 경향성과 대략적인 값을 추정할 수 있다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
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• pp.869-871
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• 1998

The extensive use of composite insulators for transmission lines can ultimately be justified only on long-term qualification tests. The actual load working on the insulator in the field is not static load but cyclic load. So in this paper, we discussed an examination of aging degradation by mechanical performance of composite insulators under static tension load and cyclic tension load. and also described useful approaches for analyzing their long term performance so as to develop reliable composite insulators. The static and cyclic tension load-time test data were examined by Weibull distribution for their capability of presuming long term performance. It was found that cyclic tension loads were more severe than static tension loads. The results also indicate that it may be relevant for an user to select composite insulators on basis of their performance under cyclic tension loads than static tension loads.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.421-435
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• 2009

Chloride induced corrosion is a concern that governs the durability of concrete structures in marine environments, especially in tidal environments. During the service lives of concrete structures, internal cracks in the concrete cover may appear due to imposed loads, accelerating chloride penetration because of the simultaneous action of environmental and service structural loads. This paper investigated the effects of cyclic flexural loads on chloride diffusion characteristics of plain concretes, and proposed a model to predict the chloride penetration into plain concretes subjected to both tidal environments and different cyclic flexural load levels. Further, a new experiment was performed to verify the model. Results of the model using Finite Difference Method (FDM) showed that the durability of concretes in tidal environments was reduced as cyclic flexural load levels, SR, increased, and the modeling results fitted well with the experimental results.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2024

The natural frequency shift under cyclic environmental loads is a key issue in the design of monopile-based offshore wind power turbines because of their dynamic sensitivity. Existing evidence reveals that the natural frequency shift of the turbine system in sand is related to the varying foundation stiffness, which is caused by soil deformation around the monopile under cyclic loads. Therefore, it is an urgent need to investigate the effect of soil deformation on the system frequency. In the present paper, three generalized geometric models that can describe soil deformation under two-way cyclic loads are proposed. On this basis, the cycling-induced changes in soil parameters around the monopile are quantified. A theoretical approach considering three-spring foundation stiffness is employed to calculate the natural frequency during cycling. Further, a parametric study is conducted to describe and evaluate the frequency shift characteristics of the system under different conditions of sand relative density, pile slenderness ratio and pile-soil relative stiffness. The results indicate that the frequency shift trends are mainly affected by the pile-soil relative stiffness. Following the relevant conclusions, a design optimization is proposed to avoid resonance of the monopile-based wind turbines during their service life.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

This study proposed a simulated test method using ring specimen to evaluate the deformation and failure characteristics of pipe elbows under a large amplitude cyclic load. The validity of the test method was demonstrated by finite element (FE) analysis of pipe elbow and ring specimen under cyclic loads. The results showed that the proposed test method adequately simulates the distribution of circumferential strain at crown of pipe elbows where cracks occur under cyclic loads and presents the cyclic hardening behavior of pipe elbows. The parametric FE analysis showed that consistent simulated test results could be obtained when the test section of the ring specimen is longer than 1/2 of the inner diameter of the ring specimen and the radius of the inner loading jig is less than 1/4 of the inner diameter of the specimen.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권3호
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• pp.281-292
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• 2022

This study aimed to analyze the dynamic punching shear performance of slab-column joints under cyclic loads with the use of double-hooked end (5D) steel fibers. Structural systems such as slab-column joints are widely found in infrastructures. The susceptibility to collapse of such structures when submitted to seismic loads is highly dependent on the structural performance of the slab-column connections. For this reason, the punching capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) structures has been the subject of a great number of studies. Steel fibers are used to achieve a certain degree of ductility under seismic loads. In this context, 5D steel hooked fibers provide high levels of fiber anchoring, tensile strength and ductility. However, only limited research has been carried out on the performance under cyclic loads of concrete structural members containing steel fibers. This study covers this gap with experimental testing of five different full-scale subassemblies of RC slab-column joints: one without punching reinforcement, one with conventional punching reinforcement and three with 5D steel fibers. The subassemblies were tested under cyclic loading, which consisted of applying increasing lateral displacement cycles, such as in seismic situations, with a constant axial load on the column. This set of cycles was repeated for increasing axial loads on the column until failure. The results showed that 5D steel fiber subassemblies: i) had a greater capacity to dissipate energy, ii) improved punching shear strength and stiffness degradation under cyclic loads; and iii) increased cyclic loading capacity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권3호
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• pp.407-423
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• 2020

The pre-peak cyclic shear mechanism of two-order asperity degradation of rock joints in the direct shear tests with static constant normal loads (CNL) are investigated using experimental and numerical methods. The laboratory testing rock specimens contains the idealized and regular two-order triangular-shaped asperities, which represent the specific geometrical conditions of natural and irregular waviness and unevenness of rock joint surfaces, in the pre-peak cyclic shear tests. Three different shear failure patterns of two-order triangular-shaped rock joints can be found in the experiments at constant horizontal shear velocity and various static constant normal loads in the direct and pre-peak cyclic shear tests. The discrete element method is adopted to simulate the pre-peak shear failure behaviors of rock joints with two-order triangular-shaped asperities. The rock joint interfaces are simulated using a modified smooth joint model, where microscopic scale slip surfaces are applied at contacts between discrete particles in the upper and lower rock blocks. Comparing the discrete numerical results with the experimental results, the microscopic bond particle model parameters are calibrated. Effects of cyclic shear loading amplitude, static constant normal loads and initial waviness asperity angles on the pre-peak cyclic shear failure behaviors of triangular-shaped rock joints are also numerically investigated.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2016

최근에 해상 풍력발전기의 기초구조물로 석션 버켓기초가 적용되고 있다. 그런데, 석션기초는 보통 해양 연약지반에 설치되므로 장기 반복하중에 의해 누적변위가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 1-g 모형실험을 수행하여 장기 수평 반복하중을 받는 석션 버켓기초의 누적 회전각을 분석하였다. 지반조건은 2가지 밀도의 건조 사질토 지반에 대하여 실험하였다. 모형석션 버켓기초의 근입깊이, 모형지반의 밀도, 반복하중의 크기를 변화시키며 실험을 수행하였다. 수평 반복하중은 일방향 재하로 최대 $10^4$번까지 재하하였다. 실험결과, 석션 버켓기초의 누적회전각은 재하횟수와 재하진폭이 증가에 비례하여 증가하였다. 실험결과를 이용하여 건조 사질토 지반에 근입된 석션 버켓기초의 장기 누적회전각을 산정할 수 있는 경험식을 제안하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.2018-2025
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• 2002

It is well known that the strength and the fatigue life of welded steel components are affected extensively by welding residual stresses distributed around their weldments under not only monotonic but also cyclic loads. The externally applied loads are to be superimposed with the welding residual stresses, so that unexpected deformations and failures of the components might occur. These residual stresses are not kept constant, but relaxed or redistributed during in service. Under monotonic loads the relaxation takes place when the sum of external and welding residual stress exceeds locally the yield stress of material used. By the way, it is shown that under cyclic loads the welding residual stress is considerably relieved by the first or the early cycles of loads, and then gradually relaxed with increasing loading cycles. Although many investigations in this field have been carried out, the phenomenon and mechanism of the stress relaxation are still not clear, and there are few comprehensive models to predict amount of relaxed welding residual stress. In this study, the characteristics of the welding residual stress relaxation under monotonic and cyclic loads were investigated, and a model to predict quantitatively amount of welding residual stress relaxation was proposed.