• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.315-326
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• 2016

This paper presents the results of cyclic loading tests on concrete beams reinforced with various reinforcement, including ordinary steel bars, CFRP bars and CFRP prestressed concrete prisms(PCP). The main variable in the test program was the level of prestress and the cross section of PCP. The seismic performance indexes including hysteretic loops, skeleton curve, ductility, energy dissipation capacity and stiffness degradation were analyzed. The results show that the CFRP prestressed concrete prisms as flexural reinforcement of concrete beams has good seismic performance. And the ductility and the energy dissipation capacity were good, the hysteresis loops were full and had large area.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.96-101
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• 1998

J-R curve tests were performed on 1T compact specimens of SA516 Gr. 70 carbon steels under reverse cyclic loading. A Direct-Current Potential Drop (DCPD) method, one of the nondestructive techniques to detect flaw of structure, is being increasingly used for monitoring crack initiation and stable crack growth in typical fracture mechanics specimens for J-R testing. In many aspects this method is simpler than the unloading compliance method. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the J-R Curve according to the crack length measurement techniques under reverse cyclic loading. In order to prove the reliability and repeatability of the DCPD method, the crack length measured by using DCPD method was compared to one determined from unloading compliance. Consequently, this DCPD method correlated well with J-R curves and crack extension measurements determined from unloading compliance method.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제31A권12호
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• pp.44-55
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• 1994

This study is to apply the theory of fatigue fracture to solder joints under thermal cyclic loading and predict life of solder joint to failure. A 62Sn-36Pb-2Ag solder was used in this study. Tensile tests were preformed at temperatures of 15.dec. C, 50.dec. C and 85.dec. C in order to find terms of crack length "a". plastic strain range ""${\Delta}{\varepsilon}_p$" and temperature "T". Solder joint under thermal cyclic loading was analyzed by FEM. this FEM analysis together with the crack growth rate will provide the capability of the fatigue life prediction of solder joints and enhance the reliability od solder joint.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.305-315
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• 2018

Interaction of lateral loading, combined with axial force needs to be determined with care in reinforced concrete (RC) one-dimensional structural members (1D SMs) such as beam-columns (BCs) and columns. RC 1D SMs under heavy axial loading are known to fail by brittle mode and small lateral displacements. In this paper, a macro element-based algorithm is proposed to analyze the RC 1D SMs under monotonic or cyclic combined loading. The 1D SMs are discretized into macro-elements (MEs) located between the critical sections and the inflection points. The critical sections are discretized into fixed rectangular finite elements (FRFE). The nonlinear behavior of confined and unconfined concretes and steel elements are considered in the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm has been validated by the results of experimental tests carried out on full-scale RC structural members. The evolution of ultimate strain at extreme compression fiber of a rectangular RC section for different orientations of lateral loading shows that the ultimate strain decreases with increasing the axial force. In the examined cases, this ultimate strain ranges from 0.0024 to 0.0038. Therefore, the 0.003 value given by ACI-318 code for ultimate strain, is not conservative and valid for the combined load cases with significant values of axial force (i.e. for the axial forces heavier than 70% of the ultimate axial force).

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2012

피로파괴는 반복적인 하중에 의해 재료 내에 균열이 발생하고, 진전함에 따라 재료의 물성이 약화되어 최종적으로 파괴에 이르는 현상을 말하며, 일반적으로 반복적인 하중이 가해지는 기계나 구조물 등은 피로파괴를 고려한다. 암반구조물의 경우 일반적으로 동적인 반복하중에 의한 피로파괴보다는 정적인 크립에 의한 피로 파괴를 경험하는 경우가 대다수이다. 그러나 압축공기와 같은 물질을 지하에 저장하는 경우 물질의 입 출에 의한 내부 압력의 변화가 발생하기 때문에 지하저장시설이 위치하는 암반과 내부 콘크리트의 동적 피로파괴 특성을 검토해야한다. 본 연구에서는 복공식 지하 압축공기에너지 저장공동 내부에 설치되는 콘크리트 라이닝의 반복굴곡하중에 대한 물성변화와 플러그가 설치된 경계에서의 반복전단하중에 대한 물성변화를 실험적인 방법에 의해 알아보았다. 반복전단시험을 통해 적절한 수직응력에서 평면 인터페이스의 플러그도 역학적인 안정성을 확보할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 반복굴곡시험에서는 반복재하에 따른 콘크리트 라이닝의 강도저하 현상을 확인하였으며, 이로부터 S-N 곡선을 구하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.573-599
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• 2014

A new type of connection for steel-concrete composite bridges was developed by the Steel Structures Laboratory of Ecole Poytechinque $F{\acute{e}}d{\acute{e}}rale$ de Lausanne. Resistance to longitudinal shear is based on the development of shear stresses in the confined interfaces which form the connection. Confinement is provided by the reinforced concrete slab which encloses the connection and restrains the uplift (lateral separation) of the interfaces by developing normal stresses. The experimental investigation of the interfaces, under static and cyclic loading, enabled the development of the laws describing the structural behaviour of each interface. Those laws were presented by the authors in previous papers. The current paper focuses on the continuity of the research. It presents the experimental investigation on the new connection by means of push-out tests on specimens submitted to static and cyclic shear loading. Investigation revealed that the damage in the connection, due to cyclic loading, is expressed by the accumulation of a residual slip. A safe fatigue failure criterion is proposed for the connection which enabled the verification of the connection for the fatigue limit state with respect to the limit of fatigue. A numerical model is developed which takes into account the laws describing the interface behaviour and the analytical expressions for the confinement effect, the latter obtained by performing finite element analysis. This numerical model predicts the shear resistance of the connection and enables to assess its fatigue limit which is necessary for the fatigue design proposed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권5호
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• pp.663-674
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• 2020

In this study, partially restrained beam-column moment joints in the weak-axis direction were examined using three large-scale specimens subject to cyclic loading in order to assess the seismic resistance of the joints of low-rise steel structures and to propose joint details based on the test results. The influence of different number of bolts on the moment joints was thoroughly investigated. It was found that the flexural capacity of the joints in the direction of weak axis was highly dependent on the number of high-tension bolts. In addition, even though the flexural connections subjected to cyclic loading was perfectly designed in accordance with current design codes, severe failure mode such as block shear failure could occur at beam flange. Therefore, to prevent excessive deformation at bolt holes under cyclic loading conditions, the holes in beam flange need to have larger bearing capacity than the required tensile force. In particular, if the thickness of the connecting plate is larger than that of the beam flange, the bearing capacity of the flange should be checked for structural safety.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권3호
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• pp.407-423
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• 2020

The pre-peak cyclic shear mechanism of two-order asperity degradation of rock joints in the direct shear tests with static constant normal loads (CNL) are investigated using experimental and numerical methods. The laboratory testing rock specimens contains the idealized and regular two-order triangular-shaped asperities, which represent the specific geometrical conditions of natural and irregular waviness and unevenness of rock joint surfaces, in the pre-peak cyclic shear tests. Three different shear failure patterns of two-order triangular-shaped rock joints can be found in the experiments at constant horizontal shear velocity and various static constant normal loads in the direct and pre-peak cyclic shear tests. The discrete element method is adopted to simulate the pre-peak shear failure behaviors of rock joints with two-order triangular-shaped asperities. The rock joint interfaces are simulated using a modified smooth joint model, where microscopic scale slip surfaces are applied at contacts between discrete particles in the upper and lower rock blocks. Comparing the discrete numerical results with the experimental results, the microscopic bond particle model parameters are calibrated. Effects of cyclic shear loading amplitude, static constant normal loads and initial waviness asperity angles on the pre-peak cyclic shear failure behaviors of triangular-shaped rock joints are also numerically investigated.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 보강토 구조물에 보강재로 적용되는 지오그리드의 시간 의존적 변형거동 특성에 대한 광폭 인장시험 결과를 제시하였다. 먼저, 다양한 보강재의 종류에 대해 인장속도에 따른 파단강도 및 강성의 변화에 대해 알아보았다. 또한 보강토 구조물이 사용연한 동안 받게될 다양한 하중 조건, 즉 지속하중 및 반복하중을 작용시킬 수 있는 장비를 특수 제작하여 지오그리드의 시간의존적 변형거동을 분석하였다. 그 결과 지속하중 및 반복하중 작용시 잔류변형은 보강재의 점성(viscous) 특성의 형태로서 쌍곡선 특성 곡선으로 잘 모사되는 것으로 분석되었으며 이러한 잔류변형은 시간의존적 점성거동의 측면에서 다루어야 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.101-112
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• 1995

동적하중을 받는 지반-구조물 시스템의 설계를 위해 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비로 표현되는 지반의 변형특성의 결정은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 공진주/비틂전단시험기를 이용하여 저변형률 및 중간 변형률하에서 건조사질토의 변형특성을 연구하였다. 동적시험인 공진주시험과 반복시험인 비틀전단시험을 동일한 공시 체를 이용하여 실시하였다. 진동측정시스템을 개량하여 응력 -변형관계가 하중반복회수와 전단변형률의 크기에 영향을 받지않는 선형영역을 찾았으며 이 영역에서 이력감쇠가 존재함을 나타내었다. 반복한계변형률 이상에서는 하중반복회수에 따라 전단탄성계수는 증가하고 감쇠비는 감소하였다. 사질토의 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비는 진동주파수에 영향을 받지 않으며 의사정적시험인 비틈전단시험에서 변형특성과 동적시험인 공진주 시험에서 얻은 값은 비교시 하중반복회수의 영향을 고려하면 동일하다. 그러므로 공진주l비틀전단시 험을 통해 얻은 변형특성은 지반-구조물시스템의 동적해석은 물론 정적해석에서도 적용할 수 있다.