• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.475-485
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• 2022

This paper presents a comparative experimental study on structural behavior of the interlocking masonry walls under in-plane cyclic loading. The main purpose of this study is to increase lateral load-bearing capacities of masonry walls by using interlocking units. The interlocking units were designed by considering failure modes of masonry walls and produced using lightweight foamed concrete. To this end, three masonry walls which are hollow, fully grouted, and reinforced were constructed with interlocking units. Also, a traditional masonry brick wall was built for comparison reasons. The walls were tested under in-plane cyclic loading. Then, structural parameters of the walls such as lateral load bearing and total energy dissipation capacities, ductility, stiffness degradation as well as failure modes obtained from the tests were compared with each other. The results have shown that the walls with the interlocking units have better structural performance than traditional masonry brick walls and they may be used in the construction of low-rise masonry structures in rural areas to improve in-plane structural performance.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.884-892
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• 2006

A friction-type reinforcing member(FRM) is proposed for the purpose of upgrading wind resistant performance of a transmission tower and verified through cyclic loading tests. First, suitable install scheme of the FRM is investigated through numerical analysis. Main-post-reinforcing type and X-brace type installation schemes are examined, and numerical analysis shows that the former is more effective due to the vertical cantilever type behavior of the transmission tower. Based on this result, two types of the FRM's, dissipating energy in slotted belted connections, are proposed. The one utilizes the relative displacement between the FRM and the main post, and the other utilizes that between the separated angles consisting of the FRM as a slip deformation of the slotted bolted connection. Proposed FRM's are installed on each main post of the 1/2 scale substructure models of an actual transmission tower body. From cyclic loading tests, the latter type of the proposed FRM's dissipates energy more effectively and its slip load is controlled by applied torque well, and shares considerable amount of the axial force in the main post.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1506-1512
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• 2010

산악지형이 많은 지역에서의 고속철도 건설에는 노선의 선형상의 이유로 터널구간이 많이 존재하며, 터널 건설로 발생하는 암버럭을 유용하기 위하여 노반 건설은 주로 암과 흙의 혼합성토로 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이암을 주암으로 하는 혼합토로 이루어진 고속철도 노반의 열차반복하중에 의한 침하특성을 분석하기 위하여 모형토조 실험을 수행하였다. 특히 강우 또는 지하수위 상승에 의한 노반의 포화도 증가가 열차 반복하중 작용 시 노반의 침하특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 초기 포화도 조건을 변화시키면서 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과, 낮은 포화도 조건에서는 열차반복횟수가 증가할수록 침하가 어느 일정 값에 수렴하는 결과를 나타냈으나, 일정 수준 이상의 포화도 조건에서는 침하가 급격히 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 노반의 포화도를 일정수준 이하로 관리하는 것이 침하 예방에 중요한 요소임을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.705-718
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• 2014

This paper presents an analytical model for determining the transverse reinforcement required for reinforced concrete exterior beam-column joints subjected to reversed cyclic loading. Although the joint aspect ratio can affect joint shear strength, current design codes do not consider its effects in calculating joint shear strength and the necessary amount of transverse reinforcement. This study re-evaluated previous exterior beam-column joint tests collected from 11 references and showed that the joint shear strength decreases as the joint aspect ratio increases. An analytical model was developed, to quantify the transverse reinforcement required to secure safe load flows in exterior beam-column joints. Comparisons with a database of exterior beam-column joint tests from published literature validated the model. The required sectional ratios of horizontal transverse reinforcement calculated by the proposed model were compared with those specified in ACI 352R-02. More transverse reinforcement is required as the joint aspect ratio increases, or as the ratio of vertical reinforcement decreases; however, ACI 352R-02 specifies a constant transverse reinforcement, regardless of the joint aspect ratio. This reevaluation of test data and the results of the analytical model demonstrate a need for new criteria that take the effects of joint aspect ratio into account in exterior joint design.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2022

It is effective to apply hybrid damping device that combine separate damping device to cope with various seismic load. In this study, HRS hybrid damper(hybrid rubber slit damper) in which high damping rubber and steel slit plate are combined in parallel was proposed and structural performance tests were performed to review the suitability for seismic performance. Cyclic Loading tests were performed in accordance with criteria presented in KDS 41 17 00 and MOE 2019. As a result of the test, the criteria of KDS 41 17 00 and MOE2019 was satisfied, and the amount of energy dissipation increased due to the shear deformation of the high-damping rubber at low displacement. Result of performing the RC frame test, the allowable story drift ratio was satisfied, and the amount of energy dissipation increased in the reinforced specimen compared to the non-reinforced specimen.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2024

The current study investigates the seismic performance of shear-dominant RC columns retrofitted with iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe SMA). Three RC columns with insufficient transverse reinforcement were designed and fabricated for lateral cyclic loading tests. Before testing, two specimens were externally confined with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets and self-prestressed Fe SMA strips. The test results showed that both CFRP and Fe SMA performed well in preventing severe shear failure exhibited by the unretrofitted control specimen. Furthermore, the two retrofitted specimens showed ductile flexural responses up to the drift ratios of ±8%. In terms of damage control, however, the Fe SMA confinement was superior to CFRP confinement in that the spalling of concrete was much less and that the rupture of confinement did not occur.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1995

지오흐리드로 보강된 포화점토상에 축조된 줄기초가 낮은 빈도의 반복하중을 받았을시 발생 되는 열구침하량을 산정하기위한 실내모형 실험을 실시하였다. 실험을 실시하는 과정에서 초기 단계에는 기초에 허용정적 하중을 가하였고 연속적으로 반복하중을 가하였다. 정적하중과 반복 하중강도에 따른 기초의 최대영구침하량에 관하여 기술하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.274-281
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• 2004

In this paper, the existing Stokoe type torsional shear equipment is modified to saturate the specimen and measure excess pore water pressure during undrained testing. Two types of sands, Geumgang and Toyoura sands, were collected and TS tests were performed at various densities drainage conditions, and confining pressures. The cyclic threshold shearing strains were estimated based on the variations of shear modulus, material damping ratio and pore pressures with loading cycles. The effects of relative density, confining pressure, and drainage condition on the cyclic threshold shearing strains were investigated.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1221-1236
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• 2016

Modular structures consist of standardized modules and their connections. A modular bridge pier is proposed to accelerate bridge construction. Multiple concrete-filled steel tubes (CFTs) using commercial steel tubes were chosen as the main members. Buckling restrained bracings and enhanced connection details were designed to prevent premature low-cycle fatigue failure upon cyclic loading. The pier had a height of 7.95 m, widths of 2.5 m and 2.0 m along the strong and weak axis, respectively. Cyclic tests were performed on the modular pier to investigate structural performance. Test results showed that four CFT columns reached yielding without a premature failure of the bracing connections. The ultimate capacity of the modular pier was reasonably estimated based on the plastic-hinge-analysis concept. The modular CFT pier with enhanced bracing showed improved displacement ductility without premature failure at the welding joints.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.581-591
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• 2017

Influences of hold time and stress ratio on cyclic creep properties of Grade 91 steel were systemically investigated using a wide range of cyclic creep tests, which were performed with hold times (HTs) of 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes and stress ratios (R) of 0.5, 0.8, 0.85, 0.90, and 0.95 under tension loading cycles at $600^{\circ}C$. Under the influence of HT, the rupture time increased to HT = 5 minutes at R = 0.90 and R = 0.95, but there was no influence at R = 0.50, 0.80, and 0.85. The creep rate was constant regardless of an increase in the HT, except for the case of HT = 5 minutes at R = 0.90 and R = 0.95. Under the influence of stress ratio, the rupture time increased with an increase in the stress ratio, but the creep rate decreased. The cyclic creep led to a reduction in the rupture time and an acceleration in the creep rate compared with the case of monotonic creep. Cyclic creep was found to depend dominantly on the stress ratio rather than on the HT. Fracture surfaces displayed transgranular fractures resulting from microvoid coalescence, and the amount of microvoids increased with an increase in the stress ratio. Enhanced coarsening of the precipitates in the cyclic creep test specimens was found under all conditions.