• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.10-18
• /
• 2016

Objectives: Microcystin (MC) produced during cyanobacterial blooms is a worldwide problem presenting a serious health threats to humans and ecosystems. During July through October of 2013, the Ilwol Reservoir experienced a high biomass of phytoplankton (maximum $211.7mg/m^3$ of Chlorophyll-a) containing the toxigenic cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. The aim of this study is to analyze MC concentration in the reservoir water, as well as in representative fish species (Carassius cuvieri, Carassius auratus, Channa argus). We also evaluated the human health risk of exposure to MCs accumulated in the fish. Methods: Concentrations of MCs in the water and fish samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The total levels of four MC variants, including MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR and MC-LA were below the WHO drinking water guideline limit (1 ug MC-LR per liter) both for the dissolved and particulate fraction present in the water samples. The mean MC concentrations in the livers of all species were significantly higher than in the gills (p < 0.01) and muscles (p < 0.05). The values of estimated daily intake of MCs in muscles, the edible part of the fish, would be only $0.005-0.015{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}day$, much lower than WHO's provisional tolerable daily intake of $0.04{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}day$. Conclusion: This study suggests that, owing to the spatial distribution or temporal variation of MC, there is a need for careful monitoring of cyanotoxin in reservoir water and aquatic animals to protect public health.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.331-339
• /
• 2009

영천호와 대청호 어류들의 각 조직들(근육, 간, 내장, 아가미)에 농축된 microcystin-LR의 농도 및 TDI(total daily intake)값에 기초하여 인체의 건강위해성을 평가하였다 영천호의 분석결과에서 조식성(藻飾性)인 떡붕어(Carassius cuvieri)는 다른 종들과 비교하여 간을 포함한 대부분의 조직에서 높은 microcystin-LR의 농축양상을 보였다. 대청호에서 잡식성(雜食性)인 누치와 조식성인 떡붕어의 각 조직에서 높은 microcystin-LR 농도가 관찰된 가운데 내장에서는 누치와 떡붕어가 매우 높은 microcystin-LR 농도를 보였으며, 떡붕어는 다른 종들과 비교하여 내장이외에도 간과 아가미에서 높은 microcystin-LR농도를 나타내었다. 인체의 건강위해성 평가를 위해 각 조직에서 도출된 microcystin-LR의 EDI(estimated daily intake) 값들을 TDI 값과 비교하였다. 결과에서, 두 조사지역에서 모두 떡붕어(Carassius cuvieri)는 근육을 제외한 대부분의 조직들에서 EDI값들이 TDI 값을 초과하는 양상을 보였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.539-548
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate algal community structures and their correlations with environmental factors on five weir areas in the Nakdong River, South Korea. Water qualities, hydrodynamics, meteorological conditions and algal species compositions were observed in studied sites from May 2010 to Dec. 2013. Results showed that average total phosphorus concentration of 2013 was decreased by 52.4% in comparing with that from 2010 to 2011. Chlorophyll.a concentrations were positive significant with water temperature, pH, total phosphorus and total nitrogen, but is not significant with turbidity and suspended solids. Seasonal successions of algae were observed that Stephanodiscus sp. was dominant species with 65.3% of dominant frequency in studied site. Large algal biomass of the low temperature-adapted diatoms were observed during temperature range of $4{\sim}9^{\circ}C$, but large cyanobacterial biomass mainly during high temperature period ranged from $22^{\circ}C$ to $32^{\circ}C$. Microcystis sp. dominated during high water temperature in summer. The yearly correlations of algal biomass with accumulated solar radiations were not significant but seasonal correlations of summer from June to August were significant with correlation coefficient 0.33 (p<0.05). There were not significant correlations between turbidities and algal biomass. Turbidity and suspended solids concentrations were not significant correlation with algal biomass. According to the results, algal communities had strong correlation with water temperature and had partially correlation with solar radiation. For an effective management of algal blooms, water managers should survey with more long-term monitoring of various environmental factors and algal communities.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.127-139
• /
• 2023

대청호는 유역에 있는 비점오염원으로부터 유입되는 오염물질로 인해 남조류 과다증식에 기인한 녹조가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 이에 녹조 관리 대책 중 하나로 인공습지를 설치하여 호소에 유입되는 오염물질을 저감하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비점오염원의 관리방법으로 인공습지의 적용 가능성을 평가하기 위해 대청호 상류에 설치된 서화천 생태습지를 대상으로 2014년부터 2020년까지 유입수 및 유출수의 BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P 등 오염물질 농도를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 대체적으로 인공습지에서의 처리를 통해 오염물질의 농도가 감소하는 것이 확인되었으며, 특히, 유기물질보다 질소, 인과 같은 영양염류에 있어 높은 처리효율이 확인되었다. 유입수의 오염물질 농도에 따른 처리효율을 구간을 나누어 분석한 결과 대체적으로 고농도에서 처리효율이 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 설치 및 운영 경과에 따른 연도별 인공습지 처리효율을 분석한 결과, T-P에서 큰 변화가 확인되었다. 이는 인공습지 조성 초기에는 식생의 성장에 따라 높은 처리효율을 보였지만, 식생이 안정화되고 습지 퇴적층이 포화됨에 따라 처리효율이 점진적으로 감소한 결과로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과는 초기 강우 등 높은 농도의 오염물질 유입 및 주기적인 퇴적토 준설 등의 관리가 이루어진다면 인공습지가 유역면적이 넓고, 비점오염원의 영향을 크게 받는 댐 저수지의 부영양화 억제에 유용한 수단이 될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.504-507
• /
• 2001

The partial 16S gene sequences of six filamentous cyanobacterial strains, Oscillatoria lmosa KCTC AG10168, Oscillatoria princeps KCTC AG10153, Oscillatoria sp. KCTC AG 10184, Phormidium tenue KCTC AG10158, Phormidium parchydematicum KCTC AG10164, and Lyngbya hieronymusii KCTC AG10199, which were isolated in the late summer at Daecheong Reservoirs, were determined and assigned their phylogenetic and taxonomic position among taxa of order Ocillatoriales whose partial 16S rRNA gene sequences aligned in this suty, were very heterogeneously clustered with other taxa. The two strains, Oscillatoria limosa KCTC AG10168 and O. princeps KCTC AG10153, formed a cluster with O. sancta PCC7515, which supported 64% of the bootstrap trees with high similarity (19-96.15%). Strain Oscillatoria sp. KCTC AG10184, that was known to produce a nasty substance, was closely related to the toxic Oscillatoria group. The study on morphological variation in various environments and toxin production will confirm the taxonomic status of these species. Phormidium tenus KCTC AG10158 and Phormidium parchydematicum KCTC AG10164 made a cluster with other oscillatorian species of Phormidium, Oscillatoria, and Leptolynbya, which supproted 100% of the bootstrap trees with a very high sequence smilarity (96.8-99.8%) in thsi study. The sequence analysis in this study also supported that taxa of oscillatoriales are not monophyletic. Some of the fractures, such as the presence or absence of sheath and cell shape, which were used to define them, would be inadequate and should be reconfirmed. We suggest that sequences of partial 16S rRNA gene fragments aligned in this study should be more useful than morphological features in the identification and reconfirmation of the taxonomic status of these oscillactorian cyanobacteria.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.292-301
• /
• 2014

Akinete germination may be a starting point of some akinete-producing cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic freshwater systems. This study examined germinability of akinete of a cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis isolated from the sediment of the North Han River (Cheongpyung Dam), Korea, under several environmental factors such as temperature ($5{\sim}25^{\circ}C$), light ($0{\sim}100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$), nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and pH (5~12). The high germination rate appeared at high temperature: >55% at $25^{\circ}C$, followed by 15% at $15^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$ and 10% at $5^{\circ}C$. Low light intensity was favorable for akinete germination. Over 45% of germination occurred at low light intensities (5, 15 and $30{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$), while less than 10% of germination occurred at both 50 and $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$. No germination occurred in the dark condition. Akinete germination rate increased with nutrient (phosphorus and nitrogen) enrichment, and nitrogen addition showed greater effect on the germination compared to phosphorus addition. Akinetes germinated well at neutral or slightly alkaline pH condition (pH 7 and pH 8: >55%), but no germination was observed at pH 11~12. The present study demonstrates some favorable ambient conditions of Anabaena circinalis germination, which could provide useful information to study the germination conditions of other Anabaena species or akinete-forming algae and predict its bloom in eutrophic freshwaters.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.257-270
• /
• 2019

Followingthe Four Rivers Project, cyanobacterial blooms have been frequently observed in the upstream of the installed weirs. The aim of this study was to characterize the major environmental factors that are associated with the cyanobacteria dominance in Baekje Weir (Geum River) and Juksan Weir (Youngsan River) based on intensive experiments and systematic data mining methods. The factors related to the cyanobacteria dominance include7-days cumulative rainfall (APRCP7), 7-days averaged flow (Q7day), water temperature (Temp), stratification strength (${\Delta}T$), electronic conductivity (EC), DO, pH, $NO_3-N$, $NH_3-N$, TN, TP, $PO_4-P$, Chl-a, Fe, BOD, COD, TOC, and $SiO_2$. The most highly correlatedfactors to the dominant cyanobacteria were found to be EC, Temp, Q7day, $PO_4-P$ in theBaekje Weir. On the other hand, those dominant in the Juksan Weir were ${\Delta}T$, TOC, Temp, EC and TN. The EC showed a strong correlation with cyanobacteria dominance in both weirs because a high EC represents a persisted low flow condition. The cyanobacteria dominance was as high as 56 % when the EC was equal or greater than $418{\mu}S/cm$ in Baekje Weir. It was as high as 63% when the ${\Delta}T{\geq}2.1^{\circ}C$ in the Juksan Weir. However, nutrients showed a minor correlation with cyanobacteria dominance in both weirs. The results suggest that the cyanobacteria dominate in astate where the water flow rate is low, water temperature is high and thermal stratification is strengthened. Therefore, the improvement of flow regimes is the most important to prevent persistent thermal stratification and formation of cyanobacteria bloom in theBaekje and JuksanWeirs.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2021

Eutrophication and algal blooms can lead to increase of taste and odor compounds and health problems by cyanobacterial toxins. To cope with these eco-social issues, Ministry of Environment in Korea has been reinforcing the effluent standards of wastewater treatment facilities. As a result, various advanced phosphorus removal processes have been adopted in each wastewater treatment plant nation-widely. However, a lot of existing advanced wastewater treatment processes have been facing the problems of expensive cost in operation and excessive sludge production caused by high dosage of coagulant. In this study, the sedimentation and dissolved air flotation (SeDAF) process integrated with sedimentation and flotation has been developed for enhanced phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment facilities. Design and operating parameters of the SeDAF process with the capacity of 100 ㎥/d were determined, and a demonstration plant has been installed and operated at I wastewater treatment facility (located in Gyeonggi-do) for the verification of field applicability. Several empirical evaluations for the SeDAF process were performed at demonstration-plant scale, and the results showed clearly that T-P and turbidity values of treated water were to satisfy the highest effluent standards below 0.2 mg/L and 2.0 NTU stably for all of operation cases.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.301-309
• /
• 2013

2012년 북한강수계 전역에 걸쳐 대발생을 일으킨 남조 Anabaena의 분자생물학적 특성을 검토하였다. 시료는 2012년 7월 13일에 남조 Anabaena 밀도가 높았던 3개 호소- 의암호, 청평호, 팔당호에서 각각 채집하였다. 분석은 선행연구 문헌을 근거로 하는 형태학적 분석, 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석을 통한 분자계통학적 분석을 동시에 실시하였다. 결과를 종합하면 북한강수계 3개 호소에서 조류 대발생을 일으킨 남조 Anabaena는 모두 동일종 Anabaena crassa (Lemmermann) Komark.-Legn. & Cronberg이며, 동시에 출현하고 본 종과 형태 및 분자생물학적으로 매우 유사한 A. circinalis는 환경요인에 따라 형태변이가 쉽게 일으키는 동일종으로 밝혀졌다.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제47권spc호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 생물학적 기법에 의한 수와호 생태계 보전방안에 있어서 자연재생법의 일환으로 조개를 활용한 내용을 소개하였다. 수와호는 과거 먹이연쇄구조에서 일차생산자의 증식을 제어할 수 있는 생물 (여과일차소비자)의 결손이 있었던 호소환경이었고, 최근까지도 이에 대한 지속적인 관리방안 및 대책을 시행해 왔다. 그 일환으로서 이매패류를 호수 내 부유식 cage를 이용하여 양식하는 방식이 대표적인 성공사례이다. 이는 식물플랑크톤의 소비를 촉진을 통한 수질정화를 도모하고 장래적으로는 수와호 저질환경개선을 유도함으로써 호소생태계의 생물 군집의 균형을 회복시키는 중요한 호소생태계복원과정의 롤모델이 될 것이라 기대하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 조개와 관련한 산업화에는 여전히 해결해야 할 과제들이 산적해 있다. 우선적으로 패류의 양식을 위한 연구비용과 양식에 드는 비용적인 측면에서 자금의 조달이 가장 큰 현안이 되고 있다. 이에 대한 방안으로 공공지원자금에만 의존하기 보다는 지역특산품개발 및 자연복원을 고려한 활동을 추진할 필요성이 있다. 조개를 이용한 수와호의 수질정화 및 지역발전 계획은 주민단체인 "수와호 클럽"이 중심이 되어 2010년부터 시작한 프로젝트의 하나이다. 이 프로젝트는 초기 단계에 있는데 그 기초이론은 기존의 보고된 연구 결과나 각지에서의 수질정화 대책들을 차용한 것이며, 특별히 새로운 것은 아니다. 수와호를 더 깨끗하게 하고 싶다는 현지의 요구를 충족하기 위해서는 하드공법도 생각할 수 있지만, 자연생태복원을 목적으로 한다면 더 자연스러운 방법, 생물활성을 이용하는 방법이 있지 않을까 생각할 때 떠오른 것이 패류의 복원이었다. 이에 장기적 비전으로 지역경제발전책을 포함하여 주민들이 자발적으로 계획을 만들어 제안할 수 있다면 수와호의 자연생태복원도 꿈이 아니라고 기대하고 있다.