• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1997

Malignant melanoma has a very poor prognosis compared to other cancers. There are no specific tumor markers other than clinical staging and depth of invasion to predict the prognosis of the malignant melanoma. The nm23 has been known to inhibit the metastasis of the malignant melanoma, some studies showed that it is highly expressed in the malignant melanoma cell line which has a relatively weak metastatic potential. In this study, we compared the expression of nm23 in mucosal type with that in cutaneous type of the malignant melanoma in the head and neck according to the stage and survival rate to identify the role of nm23 expression as a prognostic factor in mucosal melanoma of the head and neck. Six out of eight cases in mucosal type and seven out of 11 cases in cutaneous type expressed nm23, which showed no significant differences. Between the two groups there were no significant differences in expression of nm23 according to clinicopathologic staging or two year survival rate. However, in cases with low cliniopathological staging and those surviving more than two years the expression was significantly increased which suggests that expression of nm23 can be used as an aid in determining the prognosis of mucosal melanoma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.623-629
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• 1996

Bronchial carcinoid tumors are uncommon, constituting approximately 5% of all primary lung cancers. Carcinoid tumors belong to the calss of neuroendocrine tumors that consist of cells that can store and secrete neuramines and neuropeptides. Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung include three pathologic types : a low-grade malignancy, the so-called 'typical carcinoid', a more aggressive tumor, the "atypical carcinoid", and the most aggressive malignant neoplasm, the small-cell carcinoma. Atypical carcinoid tumor have a higher malignant potential, is more commonly peripheral than is the typical carcinoid tumor. Histologic features would characterize a carcinoid as hitologically atypical : increased mitotic activity, pleomorphism and irregularity of neuclei with promonent nucleoli, hyperchromatin, and abnormal nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, areas of increased cellularity with disorganization of architecture, and areas of tumor necrosis. Metastatic involvement of regional lymph nodes and distant organ is common. The prognosis is related to size of the tumor, typical of atypical appearance, endoluminal of extraluminal growth, vascular invasion, node metastasis, Pulmonary resection is the treatement of choice for bronchial carcinoid. We experienced one case of bronchopulmonary atypical carcinoid tumor. In the case, radiologic study showed solitary lung mass with liver metastasis and the level of 5-HIAA was elevated. There was no history of cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, valvular heart disease. The authors reported a case of bronchopulmonary atypical carcinoid tumor with review of literatures.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.196-201
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• 2002

Malignant melanoma is a highly malignant form of cutaneous cancer derived from melanocytes. The lesion frequently metastasizes to the lymph nodes, lung, liver and bone. However, an endobronchial metastasis and a primary malignant. melanoma of the lung are quite rare. We report a case of an unknown primary malignant melanoma with a pulmonary and endobronchial metastasis in a 34 years old male. He complained of coughing and black-colored sputum. Abnormal skin and mucosal lesions were not found during a physical examination. A chest X-ray revealed multiple nodular masses in both lung fields. A flexible bronchoscopy showed two yellowish small nodules at the entry of left lower bronchus. Vimentin, the S-100 protein, and HMB-45 stain positive melanoma cells were detected at the bronchoscopic biopsy specimen.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2013

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare locally aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma with a high incidence of local recurrence, regional lymph node metastasis, followed by distant metastasis. Because of shortage of the retrospective study, standard treatment has not been established. The purpose of this study was to present the surgical treatment and outcome of 8 patients with MCC. Methods: We report our experiences with 8 patients who underwent treatment for MCC at our institution from 2000 through 2012. Two men and 6 women received treatment for MCC. The mean age was 76.4 years (range, 53 to 93 years). Results: The follow-up period ranged from 7 to 26 months (mean, 22.9). During the follow-up period, three of 8 patients had a relapse (mean time before recurrence, 10 months; 1 month, 7 months, and 22 months). After primary surgery, 3 patients underwent radiotherapy, and 1 patient received chemotherapy. Conclusion: MCC is an aggressive skin cancer with a high rate of local recurrence. Complete surgical excision is the mainstay of local treatment, but adjuvant radiotherapy should be considered for better local control.

• Oncology Letters
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.1805-1814
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• 2019

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common malignancy initiated by keratinocytes of the epidermis, which are able to invade the dermis and its periphery. Although most patients with cSCC present with curable localized tumors, recurrence, metastasis and mortality occasionally occur. In the present study, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) was identified as an upregulated protein in the SCC12 cell line, which has high invasive potential compared with the SCC13 cell line. The effects of NNMT knockdown on proliferation, migration and invasion were investigated using SCC cells. shRNA-mediated downregulation of NNMT expression levels inhibited the proliferation and density-dependent growth of SCC12 cells. In addition, the results of a cell motility assay showed that the migration and invasion of SCC cells were markedly decreased in NNMT-knockdown cells. The assessment of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated gene expression using PCR array analysis revealed that high NNMT expression levels were accompanied by high expression levels of EMT-associated genes, and that NNMT knockdown effectively suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9, osteopontin, versican core protein and zinc finger protein SNAI2 in SCC12 cells. These results revealed that the upregulation of NNMT induced cellular invasion via EMT-related gene expression in SCC cells.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.445-448
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• 2017

A 1.5-year-old neutered male domestic short hair cat was presented with multiple nodular mass, and suspected mast cell tumor on the surface of the right ear, accompanied by submandibular lymph node involvement. Histopathological Examinations and KIT (CD117) immunohistochemical staining was performed after the surgical resection of the entire right ear pinna. This patient was diagnosed with an anaplastic mast cell tumor with a diffuse positive cytoplasmic expression of KIT. Imatinib mesylate was prescribed after surgical resection; the patient presented without recurrence or metastasis for 2 years. Mild leukopenia was observed as the only side effect of imatinib mesylate during medication.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.392-396
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• 2019

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 2% to 3% of human cancers and is aggressive, with metastatic capability. The frequent metastatic sites are lung, bone, and liver. Reports of RCC metastatic to skin, and especially scalp are rare. Here we present an 83-year-old woman who was diagnosed with RCC 19 years prior and had a metastatic scalp lesion. An 83-year-old woman presented with a red-to-purple, protruding lesion at the right parietotemporal area. Twenty-three years ago, a right renal mass was incidentally discovered on ultrasound through a routine medical examination. She underwent right nephrectomy for RCC 4 years later. Five months after nephrectomy, new lung nodules were observed. Fifteen years after nephrectomy, metastatic lesions were found in the pelvic bone. She visited dermatology department for evaluation of the new scalp lesion, a year before she first visited our department. Despite chemotherapy, the mass was gradually enlarged. She consulted the plastic surgery department for management of the metastatic RCC was successfully treated with total excision including a 1-cm safety margin, local flap, and STSG coverage. Complete healing was observed, without evidence of recurrence during a 7-month followup. Metastases to the skin are rare, but must be kept in mind because of its high metastatic ability and poor prognosis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.209-213
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• 1995

Various cutaneous as well as myocutaneous flaps have been designed for the reconstruction of tissue defects caused by the excision of oral cancer. Among these flaps, cervical island skin flap have been introduced by Farr et al and more have developed by Tashiro et al. This flap has many advantages. The flap minimizes donor size by use of cervical operation wound, flap size available is adequate for most oral defects and the procedure is relatively simple and time saving. However, this flap is not applicable in patients where there are large tissue defects and metastasis is suspected. We used this flap for it's rapid, simple, and effective, primary closure of oral defects after cancer ablation and we have found this flap very useful for the reconstruction of relatively small oral defects.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2013

More than 80% of cancer patients experience cancer pain. Among them, more than 50% experience moderate to severe pain. To control cancer pain, a variety of methods have been used, including medications and nerve blocks. In some patients, however, it is impossible to perform nerve blocks due to caner metastasis into the epidural space, while in other patients, opioid dose escalation is impossible due to opioid side effects; thus, cancer pain management is difficult. Scrambler therapy is a novel approach for pain control that uses EKG-like pads, which are applied above and below the site of pain. Scrambler therapy synthesizes 16 different types of nerve action potentials that provide "non-pain" information via cutaneous nerves. The advantages of this treatment are that it is non-invasive and safe and has no significant side effects. In this case series, we report the treatment results of using scrambler therapy in three cancer patients with intractable pain.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.88-91
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• 2020

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin malignancy. This report describes the case of an unusual extensive SCC involving the whole hemiface, which required reconstruction with a combination of a dual vascular free transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap and a skin graft. A 79-year-old woman visited our hospital with multiple large ulcerated erythematous patches on her right hemiface, including the parieto-temporal scalp, bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva, cheek, and lip. A preliminary multifocal biopsy was performed in order to determine the resection margin, and the lesion was resected en bloc. Orbital exenteration was also performed. A free TRAM flap was harvested with preserved bilateral pedicles and was anastomosed with a single superior thyroidal vessel. The entire TRAM flap survived. The final pathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed that there was no regional nodal metastasis, perineural invasion, or lymphovascular involvement. The patient was observed for 6 months, and there was no evidence of local recurrence. Usage of a TRAM flap is appropriate for hemifacial reconstruction because the skin of the abdomen matches the color and pliability of the face. Furthermore, we found that the independent attachment of two extra-flap anastomoses to a single recipient vessel can safely result in survival of the flap.