• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.12-26
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• 2017

Processing steps such as washing and cutting, involved in preparing fresh-cut produce causes tissue damage, leading to rapid quality deterioration. Major defects of fresh-cut produce are discoloration, softening, off-odor development, and microbial growth. Packaging of fresh-cut produce has been changed to reduce these quality problems. Flexible packaging film is widely used to pack fresh-cut produce. Vacuum packaging was the popular packaging method in the beginning of fresh-cut industry in Korea. Vacuum packaging creates high $CO_2$ and low $O_2$ levels to control browning of fresh-cut produce. However, these conditions induce some visual defects and off-odor development. Discoloration problem was also found when fresh-cut produce was packaged with conventional packaging film or plastic tray. Modified atmosphere (MA) packaging is effective for prolonging shelf-life of fresh-cut produce by decreasing $O_2$ and increasing $CO_2$ concentration in the package. Retail MA packaging using different oxygen transmission rate (OTR) film and micro-perforated film has started to be applied to fresh-cut produce in Korea. Proper MA package design that provides optimum range of $O_2$ and $CO_2$ partial pressures is one of the major challenges in the industry. An initial package flushing with $N_2$ or an low $O_2$/high $CO_2$ atmosphere is also used to more rapidly establish steady-state MA condition. Film OTR and $O_2$ flushing affects the fermentative volatile production, off-odor development, electrolyte leakage, discoloration, $CO_2$ injury, microbial population of fresh-cut produce. There is also a demand for convenient packaging to attract consumers. Rigid fresh-cut produce container for retail market has increased since the packaging provides excellent protection from physical damage during transport. Rigid tray used as actual serving vessel for the consumer is increasing in Korea. The tray with flexible lid to wrap or seal fresh-cut produce is more and more gaining popularity. Further practical technology to control quality change and microbial growth for each fresh-cut product has been studied since various fresh-cut items were required. The fresh-cut industry also focuses on searching for more convenient and environmentally friendly packaging.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2014

Recently, Difficult-to-cut materials are used in many manufacturing industry. But the difficult-to-cut materials are difficult-to-cutting process. So difficult to cut material cutting process was used after heat treatment through preheating for easy cutting process. In this study, Inconel 625 was preheating using laser heat source in computer simulation. Laser heat source temperature applied $1290^{\circ}C$ that suitable preheating temperature for Inconel 625. And temperature effects such as temperature distribution for moving heat source studied apply to similar actual process condition. Simulation results for heat treatment effects through temperature distribution verified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.833-841
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• 2008

Recently, the upheaval generation in the road which is under service had been reported. Due to the upheaval generation, total 4 lanes were forced to curtail to 3 lanes, and traffic was delayed. In normal situation of cut-slopes in korea, that condition is hard to detect since most cut-slopes contain discontinuous material, that is rock. Common collapses in rock-slopes is wedge failure, plane failure and toppling failure which is all individual mechanism of discontinuous rock mass. In contrast, such upheaval in the road in front of cut-slope can be generated only when circular movement is triggered within the cut-slope. In this sense, rock-slopes barely show any kind of movement in the road locates at the front of them. Numerical analysis is general method in simulation of slope displacement and evaluation of safety. However, numerical analysis programs which are related with rock-slopes are not able to simulate such upheaval movement because that programs are based on discontinuous modeling mechanism. In addition, although numerical analysis programs which are based on FEM/FDM and thus utilize continuous modeling mechanism are able to simulate circular movement and upheaval situation, they have weakness in reflecting discontinuities of rock-slope itself. In this study, detailed in-site investigation and numerical analysis based on in-site condition were performed in order to expect upheaval movement in the road. In this procedure, the FLAC program which uses continuous modeling method was utilized, and new approach reflecting discontinuity developed toward the road with a ubiquitous joint model was tried to derive reliable analysis result.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.271-283
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide information on how to improving wearing sensation and fit of boots-cut jean through analysis of the actual wearing conditions and dissatisfaction. In order to compile the information about dissatisfaction with the appropriateness of the fit of boots-cut jean, a questionnaire was administered to 150 females(between the ages of 20 and 39) living in Gwang-ju, analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Also, 6 blue jean manufactures were investigated, the study method was a interview about company present status, sizing system and pattern of boots-cut jean. The result of this study were as follow: 1. In wearing conditions, the 20's(51.6%) to 30's(69.1%) is found the best preferred jean is boots-cut style. The reason why consumers prefer boots-cut jeans with wearing fit does to seem charming bodyline of the adult female. 2. Body type groups by drop was classified with the usual waist, the thick waist, the thin waist. The differences among age groups, body type and so on were compared using the chi-square test. Dissatisfaction of the fit of the thick waist and the thin waist was higher than the usual waist. 3. Research on the production sizing system of 6 blue jean brands showed the total sizing system of each manufacture were $3{\sim}9$, they were reflected the sizing system of the korean Industrial Standards(KS K 0051). Therefore, it is considered necessary for boots-cut jeans pattern and sizing system for Korean consumer's body shape.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.172-177
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• 2005

The object of this experiment is comparing heat transfer performance and pressure drop characteristics by baffle cut rate, fluid velocity and heating temperature. Experiments were carried out in cross flow heat exchanger with water as a working fluid. In this experiment, baffle cut rate is 30%, 40%, 50%, velocity is 0.5m/s, 1.0m/s, 1.5m/s, and heating temperature is $30^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$. An experimental device to measure the heat transfer coefficient was constructed. The experimental result were obtained for the fully developed turbulent flow of water in tube on the condition of uniform heat flux.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to examine the ideal condition for multiple colors dyeing of cut rose, 'Akito'. Four different colors of dye were applied to make multiple flower colors in cut rose by absorption method. Acidic condition around pH 3.5 showed the fastest absorption speed in all four colors. There is no difference at each pH levels, at part of leaves dyeing, it is more affected colors rather than pH levels in purple and blue colors. From vary concentration of each dyes, $10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ concentration of dyeing solution gave the best color definition. But it's not significant and result was different by each color in a same concentration. 10 minutes of dyeing performed pastel color and 30 minutes performed the best color definition, but the 30 minutes treatment accompanied with significant dyeing on the leaves also. As a result of this experiment, optimum condition for dyeing cut rose, 'Akito' requires pH 3.5, $5-10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of dye concentration and 10-30 minutes treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.325-338
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explain de-painting phenomenon of KUH-1 tail blade and to propose useful solution of it by test. The proposed solution was evaluated by real flight, and then it applied to mass product to improve the paint qual ity of KUH-1 tail blade. Methods: This study investigated an adhesive ability of primer following surface sanding condition. The cross cut and scratch test were conducted to evaluate the adhesive strength. And the water flow test was designed to simulate a real flight condition under rain. Through water flow test, an optimal condition of tail blade to prevent a de-painting phenomenon was deduced. Finally, the improvement method was evaluated by real flight under rain. Results: The results of this study are as follows; The sequential polishing was most excellent method in primer painting quality. The results of test including cross cut, scratch and water flow showed that MIL-DTL-53039 paint with epoxy primer has excellent adhesive ability. To proof the effect of improvement, a real flight during a rain condition was conducted. Finally, the comparison between original and improved configuration was conducted. Conclusion: The painting quality of KUH-1 tail blade was improved through deriving an optimal painting condition. In detail, a condition of optimal sanding and a sort of primer and paint was showed. Finally, the reliability of tail blade was guaranteed through improving the quality of painting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.14-25
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was investigated to the change of vegetation coverage by elapsed years on the cut slope of forest road in Jinju-si. The results obtained could be summarized as follows; The plant coverage on the cut slope of forest road was decreased hastily in first and second year after seeding. The plant coverage on the cut slope of forest road was increased as growth of seed-sprayed from third year. But the plants were began to competition with between sprayed seeds and invaded plants from third to fifth year after seed-spray. The numbers of invading plants were gradually increased as 581 individuals from sixth year after seed-spray. The cut slopes of the forest roads turned to a good site condition for growing of invasion plants. And also the total coverage on cut slope of forest roads by invading of surrounding plants was increased more. It showed that plant invasion on cut-slopes of forest roads would be mostly influenced by surrounding plants. The number of surrounding plants on the cut-slopes of forest roads was 59 species, and the number of invading plants showed 65 species. The invading species were high in order of Boehmeria tricuspis, Oplismens undulatifolius, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Erechtites hieracifolia and Artemisia princeps var. Orientalis In the stepwise regression analysis, main factors affecting the coverage of vegetation on the cut-slopes of forest road showed in order of elapsed years, gravel contents(30~50%), middle, sandy loam, sandy clay-loam, soil hardness, aspect(NS), concave(凹) type and gravel contents(15~30%).

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.26 no.B
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• pp.73-81
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• 2006

A sensitivity analysis about effects of influencing factors on the stability of Soil cut slope was performed. Slope stability analyses were carried out under dry, rainy and seismic conditions. Dominant factors controlling the slope stability were chosen such as cohesion and internal friction angle, unit weight of soil, water table and seismic horizontal coefficient used for the slope stability during earthquake. Parametric stability analysis with those factors was performed for sensitivity analysis. As results of analyzing the sensitivity of factors under dry and rainy conditions, effects of cohesion, internal friction angle and unit weight of soil on the stability of slope are more critical in the dry condition than in the rainy condition. Cohesion and internal friction angle are more dominant factors influencing the slope stability irrespective of dry or rainy conditions than unit weight of soil and the horizontal seismic coefficient. The unit weight and the horizontal seismic coefficient affects crucially the stability according to conditions of slope formation and dry or rainy seasons. For the effect of horizontal seismic coefficient on stability of slope, safety factor of slope is not affected significantly by dry or rainy conditions. However, increase of the horizontal seismic coefficient under the rainy condition floes reduce the safety factor significantly rather than the dry condition. Therefore, it is needed that the location of the water table is assigned appropriately to satisfy the required safety factor of stability in the case of checking slope stability for the rainy and seismic conditions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to study on forage utility of Diplachne fusca L. which live in reclaimed saline land of midwest region of Korea. The primary experiment was conducted to know on germination characteristics of Diplachne fusca L. according to storage condition after seed harvesting, light, temperature, flooding depth, salinity and soil covering. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The germination percentage, average days to germination, germination rate and coefficient of germination were not different in existence of light, combination with existence of light and storage condition, but those were higher different in storage condition. 2. The germination characteristics were more higher on the condition of alternating temperature than constant temperature, and it was the highest on the condition of alternating temperature with $35/25^{\circ}C$ and constant temperature with $35^{\circ}C$. 3. There were apparently significant in germination percentage, average days to germination, germination rate and coefficient of germination according to flooding depth. The germination characteristics of D. fusca L. were the highest on the wndition of flooding depth with Ocm and did not germinate on the condition of flooding depth more than 3cm. 4. There were apparently significant in germination percentage, average days to germination, germination rate and coefficient of germination according to salinity. Germination characteristics were the highest on the condition of salinity with 0.2%. There was more than 30% of germination percentage on the condition of salinity with 1% SO Diplachne fuaca L. was suitable to cultivate in reclaimed saline land. 5. The germination percentage, average days to germination, germination rate and coefficient of germination were significantly difference between soil covering. So Germination characteristics were the highest on the condition of soil covering with 0.2cm. But they scarcely germinated on the condition of more than 1cm of the soil covering.