• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1979

For years, physicians and anatomists have been interested in the heart that has one functioning ventricle. Various terms have been suggested for this entity including single ventricle, common ventricle, double-inlet left ventricle, cor biatriatum triloculare, and primitive ventricle. In this report, the term "single ventricle" is utilized as suggested by Van Praagh, and is defined as that congenital cardiac anomaly in which a common or separate atrioventricular valves open into a ventricular chamber from which both great arterial trunks emerge. An outlet chamber, or infundibulum, may or may not be present and give rise to the origin of either of the great arteries. This definition excludes the entity of mitral and tricuspid atresia. An 11 year old cyanotic boy was admitted chief complaints of exertional dyspnea and frequent upper respiratory infection since 2 weeks after birth. He was diagnosed as inoperable cyanotic congenital heart disease, and remained without any corrective treatment up to his age of 11 year when he suffered from aggravation of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure for 2 months before this admission. On 22nd of May 1979, he was admitted for total corrective operation under the impression of tricuspid atresia suggested by a pediatrician. Physical check revealed deep cyanosis with finger and toe clubbing, and grade V systolic ejection murmur with single second heart sound was audible at the left 3rd intercostal space. Development was moderate in height [135 cm] and weight[28Kg]. Routine lab findings were normal except increased hemoglobin [21.1gm%], hematocrit [64 %], and left axis deviation with left ventricular hypertrophy on EKG. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed 1-transposition of aorta, pulmonic valvular stenosis, double inlet of a single ventricle with d-loop, and normal atriovisceral relationship [Type III C solitus according to the classification of Van Praagh]. At operation, longitudinal incision at the outflow tract of right ventricle in between the right coronary artery and its branch [LAD from RCA] revealed high far anterior aortic valve which had fibrous continuity with mitral annulus, and pulmonic valve was stenotic up to 4 mm in diameter positioned posterolaterally to the aorta. Ventricular septum was totally defective, and one markedly hypertrophied moderator band originated from crista supraventricularis was connected down to the imaginary septum of the ventricular cavity as a pseudoseptum of the ventricle. Size of the defect was 3X3 cm2 in total. Patch closure of the defect with a Teflon felt of 3.5 x 4 cm2 was done with interrupted multiple sutures after cut off of the moderator band, which was resutured to the artificial septum after reconstruction of the ventricular septum. Pulmonic valvotomy was done from 4 mm to 11 mm in diameter thru another pulmonary arteriotomy incision, and right ventriculotomy wound was closed reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract with pericardial autograft of 3 x 4 cm2. Atrial septal defect of 2 cm in diameter was closed with 3-0 Erdeck suture, and atrial wall was sutured also when rectal temperature reached from 24`C to 35.5`C. Complete A-V block was managed with temporary external pacemaker with a pacing rate of 110/min. thru myocardial wire, and arterial blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg was maintained with Isuprel or Dopamine dripping under the CVP of 25-cm saline. Consciousness was recovered one hour after the operation when his blood pressure reached 100 /70 mmHg, but vital signs were not stable, and bleeding from the pericardial drainage and complete anuria were persisted until his heart could not capture the pacemaker impulse, and patient died of low output syndrome 320 min after the operation.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2018

본 연구는 경회루 권역의 경관개선을 위해 원형을 고찰하고, 수목 생장예측모델을 추정하여 개선방안을 제시하기 위해 실시하였다. 식재경관의 개선방안에 대한 검증을 위해 만세산에 식재된 수목에 대한 사진측량을 진행하였다. 만세산 송림의 생장율을 알아보기 위해 Pressler 공식을 이용하고, 시뮬레이션을 제작하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 현장조사 및 경관분석 결과, 경회루 권역의 수목들은 수양벚나무와 감나무를 제외하고 흉고직경 30cm 이상의 대교목으로 특히 경관을 차폐하는 만세산의 송림과 북쪽 화계의 수목들에 대한 전정을 통해 관리하거나, 작은 수목으로 대체할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 수목생장율 측정 결과, 평균 10년을 기준으로 남측 만세산은 근원직경 14%, 수고 5%가 북측 만세산은 근원직경 7%, 수고 2.4% 만큼 생장하였다. 나아가 산출된 수목생장률을 바탕으로 시뮬레이션을 작성했을 때 20년 후에는 경회루 2층에서 경관 또한 만세산의 송림이 인왕산의 스카이라인을 차단함을 확인하였다. 셋째, 경관개선 시뮬레이션을 분석하여 경회루 권역의 경관을 조망하기 위한 수목관리방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 경회루 권역의 식재경관을 고증하고 효율적인 정비방안을 도출한 것에 의의가 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.679-687
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• 2015

Atmospheric aerosol particles were investigated at GNTECH university in Jinju city. Samples were collected using the Nanosampler period from January to December 2014. The Nanosampler is a 6 stage cascade impactor(1 stage : > $10{\mu}m$, 2 stage : $2.5{\sim}10{\mu}m$, 3 stage : $1.0{\sim}2.5{\mu}m$, 4 stage : $0.5{\sim}10{\mu}m$, 5 stage : $0.1{\sim}0.5{\mu}m$, back-up : < $0.1{\mu}m$) with the stages having 50% cut-off ranging from 0.1 to $10{\mu}m$ in aerodynamic diameter. The mass size distribution of Atmospheric aerosol particles was unimodal with peak at $1.0{\sim}2.5{\mu}m$ or $0.5{\sim}1.0{\mu}m$. The annual average concentrations of TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_1$, $PM_{0.5}$ and $PM_{0.1}$ were $44.0{\mu}g/m^3$, $40.3{\mu}g/m^3$, $31.4{\mu}g/m^3$, $18.0{\mu}g/m^3$, $8.0{\mu}g/m^3$, $3.0{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. On average $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_1$, $PM_{0.5}$ and $PM_{0.1}$ make up 0.91, 0.70, 0.41, 0.19 and 0.07 of TSP, respectively. The annual average of $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratio was 0.77.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.2037-2041
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• 2015

Background: Relationships between poor prognosis of ovarian malignancies and changes in complete blood count parameters have been proposed previously. In this work, we aimed to evaluate clinicopathologic features in adolescents with adnexal masses and sought to establish any predictive value of the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 196 adolescent females with adnexal masses. Three groups were constituted with respect to clinical or histopathology results: group 1, non-neoplastic patients (n:65); group 2, neoplastic patients (n:68); and group 3 expectantly managed patients (n:63). The main parameters recorded from the hospital database and patient files were age, body mass index (BMI), chief symptoms, diameter of the mass (DOM), tumor marker levels, complete blood count values including absolute neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and platecrit, surgical features, and postoperative histopathology results. Results: The expectantly managed patients were younger than the other groups (p=0.007). The mean body mass index (BMI) was higher in the neoplastic group (p=0.016). Preoperative DOM, CA125, mean platelet volume and PLR were statistically significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that increased PLR (AUC, 0.609; p=0.011) and BMI (AUC, 0.611; p=0.011) may be discriminative factors in predicting ovarian neoplasms in adolescents preoperatively. When the cut-off point for the PLR level was set to 140, the sensitivity and specificity levels were found to be 65.7% and 57.6%, respectively. Conclusions: We suggest that beside a careful preoperative evaluation including clinical characteristics, ultrasonographic features and tumor markers, PLR may predict ovarian neoplasms in adolescents.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2018

Purpose: To measure the head tilting angle creating initial condylar cut-off and to find the head position inducing the superimposition of the cervical vertebrae over the mandibular ramus on panoramic radiograph. Materials and Methods: The panoramic radiographs were taken with Didactic skull on cervical spine model (Scientific GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) using Kodak 8000c Digital Panoramic radiography. For the inherent radiolucency of the plastic skull model, radiopaque 1 mm diameter lead wires were attached along the margin of the mandibular condyle, ramus, mandibular body, cervical vertebrae, and FH plane of the skull model. For measuring the head tilting angle creating the condylar head cutoff, panoramic radiographs were taken by tilting the FH plane downward in 5 degree increments. For finding the distance between transverse process of the third cervical vertebra and gonion inducing superimposition of cervical vertebrae on the mandibular ramus, panoramic radiographs were taken by decreasing the distance in 0.5 cm increments. Result and Conclusion: The condylar cutoff began to appear when the head of skull model was tilted downward by 15o. As the head tilting angle increasing, the condylar cutoff became more prominent. The superimposition of cervical vertebrae over the mandibular ramus began to appear when the distance between the gonion and third cervical vertebra was 1.0 cm. As the distance decreasing, the superimpostion became more prominent.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10739-10743
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• 2015

The present study aimed at evaluating and comparing the diagnostic performance of B-mode ultrasound (US), elastography score (ES), and strain ratio (SR) for the differentiation of breast lesions. This retrospective study enrolled 431 lesions from 417 in-hospital patients. All patients were examined with both conventional ultrasound and elastography. Two experienced radiologists reviewed ultrasound and elasticity images. The histopathologic result obtained from ultrasound-guided core biopsy or operation excisions were used as the reference standard. Pathologic examination revealed 276 malignant lesions (64%) and 155 benign lesions (36%). A cut-off point of 4.15 (area under the curve, 0.891) allowed significant differentiation of malignant and benign lesions. ROC (receiver-operating characteristic) curves showed a higher value for combination of B-mode ultrasound and elastography for the diagnosis of breast lesions. Conventional ultrasound combined elastography showed high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for group II lesions (10mm${\leq}20mm$). Elastography combined with conventional ultrasound show high specificity and accuracy for differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions. Elastography is particularly important for the diagnosis of BI-RADS 4 and small breast lesions.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2004

Now many sustitution and false articles is used in korea instead of mudanpi. To use mudanpi correctly, we will make a quilitative certificational plan of mudanpi to investigate all of lieraturea, records and documents. And we could reach conclusions as folloews. 1. Source Source of mudanpi is cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews(Family:Ranunculaceae) in korea and china. It needs an attention to distinguish into because there is a substitute and a rank in china. 2. process We have to work before harvesting fresh roots is dry perfectly. If outer skin dried moisture a little, cut off outer skin vertically at sunny day, remove a heart and sever, immedietly dry. When working, we have to take care of because of easy discoloration with moisture. 3. Quality (1) Functional standards A diameter is large, it do not exist a heart of wood, a bark is thick and powdery. Section surface is light white color and rich odor with many light crystals. (2) Physicochemical stamdards We think that it needs to raise a contant of paeonol at all kinds of testing standards. A contant of paeonol is at least more than 2.5%. A part of wood indicate a heart of wood which has no medical effects, but is a relatively heavy part. So a standart of wood must be lowered sifnificantly less than 1.0%. It must be content of ash is less than 6.0%, Content of acid-nonsoluble ash is less than 1.0%. A fixed quantity of paeonol is more than 2.5%. Contens of heavy metal has to detect less than 30 ppm and there is no reminding agriculural medince.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.327-331
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• 2006

벼 혹명나방 유충이 벼에 주는 피해를 해석하기 위해 유충 마리당 가해엽수를 조사하고, 생육시기별 절엽 수준(0, 10, 30, 50, 70 및 90%)을 달리하여 수량 및 수량구성 요인을 조사한 결과, 유충 1마리가 유충기간 동안 벼 잎을 $6{\sim}7$개 피해를 줄 수 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 출수전(유수분화기)에는 절엽률과 등숙률과는 Y = -9.379X + 83.630 ($R^{2}=0.493$), 절엽률과 수량감소율과는 Y = 0.139X + 0.490 ($R^{2}=0.925$), 절엽률과 완전미율과는 Y = -4.880X + 81.116 ($R^{2}=0.665$)의 관계가 있었다. 출수 후(유숙기)에는 절엽률과 등숙비율과는 Y = -23.0l4X + 83.589 ($R^{2}=0.915$), 절엽률과 수량 감소율과는 Y=0.141X + 3.466 ($R^{2}=0.842$), 피해율과 완전미율과는 Y = -13.795X + 81.964 ($R^{2}=0.898$) 관계가 있었다. 따라서 출수전보다 출수 후가 혹명나방 피해를 받았을 때 수량이나 수량구성요소에 더 큰 영향을 준 것으로 조사되었다. 벼 혹명나방 피해허용수준은 출수 전(유수분화기)에는 피해엽률 30%, 출수 후 (유숙기)에는 피해엽률 7%였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권3호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2010

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of chest computed tomographic (CT) parameters in acute submassive pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2009, 268 consecutive patients with acute submassive PE that was confirmed by chest CT with pulmonary angiography in emergency room were studied. One experienced radiologist measured CT parameters and judged the presence of right ventricular dysfunction. CT parameters were analyzed to determine their ability to predict a major adverse event (MAE). Results: There were 220 patients included and 61 (27.7%) had MAE. Left ventricular and right ventricular maximum minor axis ($36.4{\pm}8.0$ vs. $41.7{\pm}7.4$, p<0.01; $45.7{\pm}9.4$ vs. $41.5{\pm}7.6$, p<0.01), superior vena cava diameter ($19.2{\pm}3.4$ vs. $18.0{\pm}3.4$, p=0.02), azygos vein diameter ($10.0{\pm}2.2$ vs. $9.2{\pm}2.3$, p=0.02), septal displacement (19 vs. 18, p<0.01) were significantly higher in MAE group than in no MAE group. Patients with MAE had high right ventricular/left ventricular dimension ratio (RV/LV ratio) compared to patients without MAE ($1.34{\pm}0.48$ vs. $1.03{\pm}0.28$, p<0.01). The most useful cut-off value of RV/LV ratio for MAE was 1.3 and the area under the curve was 0.71 (0.62~0.79). Conclusion: RV/LV ratio on chest CT was a significant predictor of submassive PE related shock, intubation, in-hospital mortality, thrombolysis, thrombectomy within 30 days.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2013

Purpose: Bedside ultrasonography is available in most emergency departments, and detecting the intracranial pressure is elevated is critical. Our objective is to evaluate the availability of bedside optic nerve ultrasound (ONUS) as a secondary survey for patients with head injuries in the emergency department (ED). Methods: From September, 2012, to March, 2013, we performed a prospective study of patients presenting to the ED after an accident. Patients with head injuries but without obvious ocular trauma or ocular disease were included. The ONUS was performed using a 3 to 12 MHz linear probe on closed eyelids after a primary survey. We analyzed the correlation between the brain computed tomography (CT) findings that suggested elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and the Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured by using ONUS. Results: A total of 81 patients were enrolled. Forty-seven had CT results consistent with elevated ICP, and their mean ONSD was $5.98{\pm}0.59$ mm; the mean ONSD of patients who showed no signs of elevated ICP on CT was $4.63{\pm}0.21$ mm. The sensitivity and the specificity for the ONSD, compared with elevated ICP, were 98.87% and 100%, respectively, when the cut-off value was set to 4.96 mm. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.997 in the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Conclusion: An evaluation using ONUS is a simple noninvasive procedure and is a potentially useful tool as a secondary survey to identify an elevated ICP.