• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.763-769
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• 2021

The relationship between government size and unemployment is an important topic of study in economics. Large public expenditure has been blamed for causing higher unemployment contrary to the belief that it would help in reducing unemployment. More research on the topic, however, needs to be done as the available literature has been based largely on data from developed countries. The present paper examines the existence of the relationship in states of India by using panel data analysis. For more comprehensive study, public expenditure is divided into development, non-development, and aggregate expenditures, while the types of unemployment under consideration are usual status and current weekly status. Indeed, it has been observed that development and non-development expenditures increase both the types of unemployment though the impact of the latter is higher. The findings are important as it implies that a cut in expenditure can be an important fiscal tool to fight unemployment. It was further observed that unemployment was higher among states with a more educated population, which also suggests a revisiting of the education policy in the country. States ruled by left parties have higher unemployment rate. Higher income states as well as states with higher growth rate tend to have lower unemployment rate.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.391-404
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• 2020

Purpose: This study investigates the disaster preparedness behaviors of people residing in disaster areas and the factors affecting such behaviors, by examining the application of a Health Belief Model. Methods: A mixed-method approach was used for this study. Local residents were surveyed in Gyeongju and Pohang, which had experienced earthquakes one to two years earlier. Quantitative data (N=233) were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test and multiple regression. Qualitative data (N=11) were collected through focus group and individual interviews, and evaluated through content analysis. Results: Disaster preparedness behaviors scored 7.04 out of 18 points, and factors that significantly affected disaster preparedness included cut to action, marriage status, experience of education and training related to disaster, benefit-barriers factors of disaster preparedness behaviors, and gender. The focus group and individual interviews confirmed the contents corresponding to each variable of the disaster preparedness behaviors and heal belief model. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that in order to induce disaster preparedness behaviors as well as education and training opportunities related to disaster relief, we need to examine cue to action of disaster preparedness behaviors, benefits, and barriers for motivating interventions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.2037-2041
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• 2015

Background: Relationships between poor prognosis of ovarian malignancies and changes in complete blood count parameters have been proposed previously. In this work, we aimed to evaluate clinicopathologic features in adolescents with adnexal masses and sought to establish any predictive value of the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 196 adolescent females with adnexal masses. Three groups were constituted with respect to clinical or histopathology results: group 1, non-neoplastic patients (n:65); group 2, neoplastic patients (n:68); and group 3 expectantly managed patients (n:63). The main parameters recorded from the hospital database and patient files were age, body mass index (BMI), chief symptoms, diameter of the mass (DOM), tumor marker levels, complete blood count values including absolute neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and platecrit, surgical features, and postoperative histopathology results. Results: The expectantly managed patients were younger than the other groups (p=0.007). The mean body mass index (BMI) was higher in the neoplastic group (p=0.016). Preoperative DOM, CA125, mean platelet volume and PLR were statistically significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that increased PLR (AUC, 0.609; p=0.011) and BMI (AUC, 0.611; p=0.011) may be discriminative factors in predicting ovarian neoplasms in adolescents preoperatively. When the cut-off point for the PLR level was set to 140, the sensitivity and specificity levels were found to be 65.7% and 57.6%, respectively. Conclusions: We suggest that beside a careful preoperative evaluation including clinical characteristics, ultrasonographic features and tumor markers, PLR may predict ovarian neoplasms in adolescents.

• 멤브레인
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2005

단백질 분리를 위한 한외여과에서의 전기장의 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 실험은 균일한 막간압력차(2.5 bar)에서 알부민과 라이소자임 용액을 이용하여 이루어졌으며 분리막으로는 셀룰로즈 재질의 분획분자량(MWCO) 30 kDa 한외여과막을 사용하였다. 실험결과 전기장은 알부민 용액을 여과할 때의 투과유속(permeation flux)을 크게 증가시키는데에 도움이 되었다. 투과유속의 개선 이외에도 전기장은 또 다른 흥미로운 효과를 보였다. 단백질 분자의 하전 부호에 따라 전기장은 단백질의 투과를 촉진시키기도 하고 저하시키기도 하였다. 이러한 전기장의 효과를 이용하여 한외여과에서의 용액 투과유속뿐만 아니라 투과선택도도 개선할 수 있었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.199-210
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• 1994

My purpose in the paper is to research on what is the most productive education method for the Students for Future Dietitian(SFD) to be applied during there field training & practice. Furthermore it is an attempt to elucidate what is the most necessary education program for the field training & practice for SFDs. Five questionnaires were given to SFDs dealing with nutrition purchase hygienic facilities and official management in order to check and evaluate the current situation and problems on the education of field training & practice for SFDs Also I chose 140 SFD's who had been working in the field for at least one week or one month in 1992 and statistical processing were utilized and analyzed by SAS package. One of the most notable problems SDFs faced with during meal planning it is the fact that they had been educated and requested for the cut of food expenditure rather than the supply of scientifically balanced-nutrition meals for working people, SFDs also faced with of information on the quantity and facilities management from the dietitian in the company. my research revealed that dietitian's teaching method for SFDs still remains in a very primitive way and accordingly the efficient way to solve these problems shall be established by a computerized education program through which dietitians can provide well-balanced meals for working people when they are assigned to the company. In this regard we must consider that we have to enact certain law to be applied to a dietitian. In another words we should emphasize actual experiences of SFDs' knowledge accumulated through the field training & practice before they work at the company. Consequently it is a time to reconsider the importance of well-balance dietitian program offering an opportunity for SFD which can contribute to improvement of health's condition for the working people.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10739-10743
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• 2015

The present study aimed at evaluating and comparing the diagnostic performance of B-mode ultrasound (US), elastography score (ES), and strain ratio (SR) for the differentiation of breast lesions. This retrospective study enrolled 431 lesions from 417 in-hospital patients. All patients were examined with both conventional ultrasound and elastography. Two experienced radiologists reviewed ultrasound and elasticity images. The histopathologic result obtained from ultrasound-guided core biopsy or operation excisions were used as the reference standard. Pathologic examination revealed 276 malignant lesions (64%) and 155 benign lesions (36%). A cut-off point of 4.15 (area under the curve, 0.891) allowed significant differentiation of malignant and benign lesions. ROC (receiver-operating characteristic) curves showed a higher value for combination of B-mode ultrasound and elastography for the diagnosis of breast lesions. Conventional ultrasound combined elastography showed high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for group II lesions (10mm${\leq}20mm$). Elastography combined with conventional ultrasound show high specificity and accuracy for differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions. Elastography is particularly important for the diagnosis of BI-RADS 4 and small breast lesions.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2015

Objectives: Maintaining a balanced diet and thus health is crucial for adolescents, and the first step for balanced diet practice is meal planning. Adolescents, however, find it difficult to plan their meals. This study thus was set out to design an easier way of planning meals for adolescent girls. Methods: A dish-based target pattern for adolescent girls was tabulated, and validity of this was examined. Meal plan applying a dish-based target pattern was prepared by 150 female middle school students, and nutritional adequacies of those meal plans were examined. Validity and adequacy were tested by energy content, energy contribution ratio, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), probability of nutrient inadequacy, index of nutritional quality (INQ) calculation. Results: A dish-based target pattern with 11 dish groups was validated for nutritional adequacy. Though the NAR of calcium was 0.96, the INQ of calcium was 1.00. The average energy supply from the meal plans was 2,379 kcal, higher than the estimated energy requirement of a female middle school student, but the energy contribution ratio of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats were all adequate according to the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR). NAR of all nutrients examined were 1.0, except for calcium. The NAR and INQ of calcium were 0.87 and 0.75, respectively, and the meal plans at risk for calcium inadequacy was 19.30%. Conclusions: A dish-based target pattern proposed for adolescent girls was valid, but the meal plan prepared by female middle school students using this approach was high in energy and low in calcium supply. To cut down the energy supply from the meal plan, it is necessary to recommend dishes low in fat and use low fat cooking methods. To increase the calcium supply, it is important to recommend seaweed and legume group dishes with higher Ca INQ food items.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.664-677
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• 2011

In order to control interference and improve spectrum efficiency in the femtocell and macrocell overlaid system (FMOS), we propose a joint frequency bandwidth dynamic division, clustering and power control algorithm (JFCPA) for orthogonal-frequency-division-multiple access-based downlink FMOS. The overall system bandwidth is divided into three bands, and the macro-cellular coverage is divided into two areas according to the intensity of the interference from the macro base station to the femtocells, which are dynamically determined by using the JFCPA. A cluster is taken as the unit for frequency reuse among femtocells. We map the problem of clustering to the MAX k-CUT problem with the aim of eliminating the inter-femtocell collision interference, which is solved by a graph-based heuristic algorithm. Frequency bandwidth sharing or splitting between the femtocell tier and the macrocell tier is determined by a step-migration-algorithm-based power control. Simulations conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm showed the frequency-reuse probability of the FMOS reuse band above 97.6% and at least 70% of the frequency bandwidth available for the macrocell tier, which means that the co-tier and the cross-tier interference were effectively controlled. Thus, high spectrum efficiency was achieved. The simulation results also clarified that the planning of frequency resource allocation in FMOS should take into account both the spatial density of femtocells and the interference suffered by them. Statistical results from our simulations also provide guidelines for actual FMOS planning.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.385-393
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper on Hoe (raw beef) is to investigate various kinds of its recipes, with equal focus on seasonings and sauces as well as its main and sub ingredients. The recipes of Hoe can be broadly classified into four large groups such as Salkogi Hoe(Red meat Hoe), Hankazi Naechang-yook Hoe(made from internal organs), Jap Hoe(1)(miscellaneous Meat Hoe) and Jap Hoe(II)(rolled with a whole pinenut) while the cook books written before 1945 indicate that the number of recipes reaches up to 21. The recipe of Salkogi Hoe comprises following three steps. Cut raw beef into thin strips and season them if necessary, then sprinkling sufficient pinenut powder on the strips. Its main sauce is hot pepper paste with vinegar. The recipe of Hankazi Naechang-yook Hoe uses kidney, manyplies, liver and tripes as main ingredients. Kidney should be thinly sliced with mixture of salt, seasame salt, seasame oil, and pepper as its seasonings. Regarding Manyplies, liver and tripes, there exists two possible ways to season them after cutting into strips. You can season with sesame oil and pepper or only with salt. Main ingredients of Jap Hoe(I) consist of beef, pork, kidney, manyplies, liver and tripes, among which minimum two ingredients are selected. Ingredients selected are sprinkled with pinenut powder after cutting into thin strips. And Hot pepper paste with vinegar is used as main sauce. The recipe of Jap Hoe(II) is to cut manyplies into pieces of 2Cm by 5 Cm without removing their black part and roll each piece with a whole peanut in such a manner that the peanut sticks from rolled piece.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2009

Gwangju Metropolitan Government & Ministry of Environment have signed a model city in response to Climate Change agreement. The agreement calls for Gwangju to cut greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 2005 levels by 2015. Gwangju has seen this agreement as an opportunity to cut pollution and conserve the environment as well as to reinvigorate local economy. According to policy of Gwangju, Gwangju held design competition for Gwangju City Arboretum on march, 2009. The purpose of design competition was to give a wide publicity to Gwangju as Hub City of Asian Culture and construct carbon-neutral arboretum in accordance with the policy of 'Low-Carbon and Green Growth'. First of all, a design concept of arboretum is 'winding, round, overlay 'to reflect the landscape of Nam-do which is surrounded by mountains and river flows through the village. Second, the arboretum has five different places with these themes - Forest of Festivals, Health, Nature, Nostalgia, Education and Future. Each place has a symbolic theme park and different flow planning respectively. Third, the most critical point is that the arboretum is a carbon-neutral park. Gwangju arboretum will soon be developed in metropolitan sanitary landfill and constructed as the O2 arboretum based on low carbon strategy. Fourth, the O2 arboretum suggests specialized issue : 'Energy Saving', 'Recycling System', 'Green Network', 'Water System(rainwater maintenance and wetland development)'. Besides, main buildings(greenhouse, visitor center, Nam-do experience exhibition hall, and forest museum) is designed in consideration of harmony with topography character, surroundings. Also, planting will be a multilayer plant based on native landscape trees in consideration of function and the growth characteristics.