• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.533-546
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• 2003

for the low information goods which will be traded through Internet is impossible to manage with previously existed payment system. The reason is that it's not economic because the management cost is bigger than the benefit of the information goods trade. Therefore, recently, there have been micropaymentresearches such as "Milicent", "PayWord", "MicroMint", and "iKP", etc. Though these methods don't have any problem with the low cost of the mechanism and the satisfaction of adequate security, they have big problem with the use of the unnecessary account and the aggregation of payment bill. The PayHash system which has been developed in this study simplifies the system's mechanism with "one-way hash function" which is used in generation, payment, and verification of the bill. And the system removed the generation and use of unnecessary account by making one customer have one account. The system solve the problem of the payment aggregation by using the last payment hash value and its index. And the system improves its performance by reducing the use of "digital signature" drastically, as well. As the result of this study, the PayHash system made it possible for the participants of the Internet Commerce to trade the lowest cost goods through efficient maintenance.o trade the lowest cost goods through efficient maintenance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.99-108
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• 2014

Purpose - The goals of this study are the following. First, this study focused on customer satisfaction of in-flight service. Specifically, in-flight duty free items were considered because of their potential value related with the differentiated strategy of airline companies. Second, this study analyzed feasible strategies that would fence off the aversive attitudes of consumers toward innovation regarding in-flight duty free items. Third, this study strived to discover implicit routes related with the reactions of of consumers to innovation. Fourth, the construal level theory was applied to the context of in-flight service. Psychological distance is expected to promote acceptance of innovation for duty free items. Research design, data, and methodology - This study consisted of three experiments. All data were collected through the participation of university students. First, the experiment employed a 2×2 between-subject design. The first independent variable was temporal distance (long vs. short of navigation time). The second independent variable was innovativeness (innovative duty free items vs. typical items). Further, experiment 2 involved a 2×2 between-subject design. The first independent variable was social distance (typical vs. atypical stewardess image). The second was innovativeness that was based on a pattern similar to that of the prior experiment. The third experiment involved a 2×2×2 design. The first and second independent variables were temporal distance and item innovation, respectively, based on the method of experiment 1. The third independent variable was cognitive depletion (depletion vs. control condition). Results - Experiment 1 demonstrated that the innovation of duty free items would need to consider the journey time of the airline. Specifically, innovative items were preferred in case of a long journey; typical items, however, were liked in a short journey. Further, experiment 2 demonstrated that, in spite of a short journey, innovative items would be preferred if an atypical stewardess was serving. An atypical stewardess was linked with social distance, and the psychological effects would activate a creative and flexible mindset that would fit with innovative duty free items. The final experiment was accomplished for the examination of cognitive processing of psychological distance on innovation-acceptance. Specifically, if the effects were related with systematic processing, then cognitive effort would be needed. In contrast, if they were related with heuristic processing, then such efforts would not be required. The same pattern appeared under both cognitive depletion and control condition; therefore, the effects of psychological distance were implied to be heuristic processing. Conclusions - Managers need to consider the navigation time, stewardess concepts, and depletion of consumers as important factors for innovative strategy regarding in-flight service. Longer journeys are more successful for innovative trials. Further, a more atypical stewardess image is more successful for atypical service. Long navigation and unfamiliar stewardesses may activate creative and flexible thinking. Further, cognitive depletion of consumers is not a dominant factor of psychological distance effects, because the effects are not related with systematic processing, but with heuristic processing.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.25-34
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• 2012

Purpose - This study examines college students' perceived choice attributes in traditional markets and the relationship quality. We study the relationships between attributes that common people look for while choosing a store (e.g., product, service, advertising, and atmosphere), consumption emotion, consumer's value, and relationship quality. Research design, data, methodology - In order to verify the relationship between choice attributes and relationship quality, and moderating (i.e., consumption emotion) and mediating effects (i.e., customer value), we collected data from 202 consumers in Gyeonggi province to test the theoretical model and its hypotheses. For this purpose, this study, utilized an empirical methodology. Results - First, contrary to the previous research findings involving college students, this study observed that four factors of store choice attributes at a traditional market were important to consumers in heightening the relationship quality. Specifically, product (β = .608, p < .01), service (β = .351, p < .01), advertising (β = .237, p < .01), and atmosphere (β = .425, p < .01) are significantly related to relationship quality. Second, consumers selected product (β =. 521, p < .01) as the most important attribute. Atmosphere (β = .254, p < .01) and service division (β = .148, p < .05), in this order, are the other important factors in this regard. However, advertising (β = -.112, p = .100) is not statistically significant. To improve and develop the relationship quality with consumers, traditional markets should ensure supply of suitable products and goods, improve store atmosphere by modernizing facilities, and educate merchants to improve their services. Third, the results of the moderating effects, although marginally statistically significant, suggest that for the consumers with low consumption emotion for traditional markets, an affirmative experience of products and store atmosphere heightens their values. In addition, the consumers having low consumption emotion who could promote consumer values were found to improve and develop a marginally significant relationship quality. Finally, the study revealed that the consumer's value exhibited a complete mediation effect in the relationships between service and relationship quality, and advertising and relationship quality and a partial mediation effect in the relationships between product and relationship quality, and atmosphere and relationship quality. Conclusions - Consumer satisfaction is important to increase the competitiveness of traditional markets, and products and store atmosphere are important attributes to increase the relationship quality. Specifically, merchants should supply different products, modernize their facilities, and improve store atmosphere to compete in traditional markets. In addition, traditional markets should provide value and competitive prices to attract consumers, and should maximize the consumer's value and promote the consumption emotion. Traditional markets should evolve to accommodate changes in the consumer's value and invest in not only functional elements but also symbolic elements.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.431-444
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• 2020

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to understand the health interest of consumers in the United States and Japan and thus understand the motivation of food choices, in order to provide basic data on the country's strategy based on healthy and correct food choices in the future. Methods: A customer survey was conducted in 2019 from October 18 to 31, and it targeted 115 American and 120 Japanese local consumers between the ages of 20- to 64-years-old. Eight questions were formed using General Health Interest. Based on food choice motivation, 27 questions were reconstructed and asked about demographic information. All data were analyzed by SPSS Statistics (ver. 25). Results: Health consciousness was categorized into 2 types: nutrition-seeking type and preference-seeking type. Based on these 2 factors, customers were grouped into 3 clusters: healthy dietary life-seeking group, nutrition balance-seeking group and health indifference group. Food choice motivation was categorized into 4 types: health, efficiency, value, and mood. All 3 groups showed a high tendency for efficiency in common. The results show that consumers want higher satisfaction with their time and money invested in food consumption. It is believed that the focus and investment of market segmentation strategy should be focused on product development, especially for American and Japanese consumers who are interested in health. Conclusion: The results of this study reflect consumer needs that can assist in the selection of healthy and correct foods in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.72-83
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was firstly, to explore the design preference, consumer experience and purchasing factors of parents for smart animal toys and secondly, investigate whether there is a difference by children's sex and age. For this purpose, the questionnaire survey was conducted with 344 parents of younger children in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. As a result, the white or brown colored 20~30cm, dog-type smart toy was preferred and the sound was considered as the most important function. Besides role of toy, smart toy was expected to play as a pet, a friend and a younger sibling. Actually, dog-type smart toy were most frequently purchased. And main satisfied causes were fun, interactivity and design and dissatisfied causes were noise, price, battery life and durability of purchased smart toys. Finally, the important factors in purchasing smart toy were the safety, durability, battery life, sustainable play, education and washability. The parents' preference, customer experience and purchasing factors showed little significant differences according to the sex and the age of the children. This research will be useful in understanding parents purchasing activity of smart animal toys and provide valuable data for function construction, design and service planning necessary to develop the smart animal toy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.414-423
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• 2020

The purpose of This study is to investigate the effects of the acceptance of food culture through YouTube, one of the platforms that is currently being used, on consumers' perceptions, and to establish marketing effects that can be obtained from the acceptance of food culture through YouTube platform, Q-methodology was selected and exploratory research was conducted to analyze consumers' subjective perspectives. For this purpose, analysis was conducted by classifying statement cards by respondents, and Q-sorts were selected and composed by the Q-group, and after the statement was prepared through this, P-samples were selected and the Q-sorts obtained through classification work were analyzed through the Q factor analysis using the PC QUANL program. The analysis results were classified into four types: Type 1 [(N=6): Preferred Food and Responsibility Satisfaction Type], Type 2 [(N=3): Non-emotional Preferred Food Type, Type 3 [(N=14): Information Acquisition Preferred Food Type], Type 4 [(N=2): Undetermined Type], etc. Each subjective opinion from these analyses will be helpful for various studies in the future, and it will be used as a reference for YouTube-related marketing and consumer restaurant culture acceptance in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2010

As a modem urban train is getting complex in terms of high-technology in its systems and components, the failure management should be performed with scientific and systematic technique. FMEA is a technique to analyze the failure trends of component parts and influences to the higher level system in order to discover the design incompleteness and potential defects, which is for improving reliability. Especially, FMECA (Failure Mode Effects, and Criticality Analysis) is used in case that the criticality that has an immense influence to the system is important. In case of urban train, in its design and manufacturing steps, FMEA is frequently used as an analysis technique to meet the safety objectives and eliminate potential hazards/failures since the concepts of reliability of train is introduced these days. Though, FMEA technique in the maintenances steps lacks in its investigation and applications yet. FMEA is also not applied to the trains operated by Seoul metro in the design and manufacture steps excepts the newest trains. In this paper, through analyzing the failures/maintenance data of the belt-type door systems used in trains operated in Seoul metro Line 1, which is accumulated in RIMS (Rolling-stock Information Maintenance System), FMEA procedures to the belt-type door engines are proposed. Especially, an effort is made, to approach the detailed FMECA procedures to the door magnet valve and switch and door engine devices which vastly influences the customer safety and satisfaction.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.9
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• pp.201-235
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• 2005

This study is designed to contribute for development of Private Security Business by fact-finding in instruction and training of private security guard serviced in this realm and domestic and foreign guard service and modeling effective and rational instruction and training program based on drawn problem. For this study, basically I collected and analyzed documents, theses, and papers of the inside and outside of the country. For practical use of data, I used materials of private security related institutes and police agency. And for private security educating training programs of the inside and outside of the country, I collected materials on internet, and with the help of police agency and interpol. For korean private security company's educating training programs, I made a study with the interview of private security company's businessmen. This study's conclusion is as follows. In a domestic private security enterprise, when set theory instruction minimize instruction and training program and must set up instruction and training program as practical affairs center enemy instruction, and theory instruction must be composed for instruction me that it is connected to practical affairs instruction too. The instruction course of private security guard instruction and training program composed with a security outline, a security plan, an information-gathering, civilian expenses, a security way, terror and terrorism, a related law, security trial, electronic security, a security analysis technique, company introduction, instruction and training program about a professional tube with theory instruction. Practical affairs instruction composed with the selection and a preventive security, close contact attendance security, vehicle security, security driving the security martial arts and self-protection liquor, first aid, security equipment, a gun and shooting, a security protocol, customer satisfaction, facilities security and expenses, a fire fighting instruction, teamwork training, explosive and a dangerous substance, physical strength, a documentation practical affairs, service, instruction and training program about foreigh language instruction.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.18-41
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to show the empirical measurement way for predicting the seaport efficiency by using Super SBM(Slack-based Measure) with Wilcoxson signed-rank test under CRS(constant returns to scale) condition for 20 Korean ports during 11 years(1997-2007) for 3 inputs(port investment amount, birthing capacity, and cargo handling capacity) and 5 outputs(Export and Import Quantity, Number of Ship Calls, Port Revenue, Customer Satisfaction Point for Port Service and Container Cargo Throughput). The main empirical results of this paper are as follows. First, Super SBM model has well reflected the real data according to the Wilcoxon signed rank test, because p values have exceeded the significance level. Second,Super-SBM has shown about 87% of predicting ratio for the ports efficiency and the optimal size of investment in domestic seaport. The policy implication to the Korean seaports and planner is that Korean seaports should introduce the new methods like Super-SBM method with Wilcoxon signed rank test for predicting the efficiency of port performance and the optimal size of investment as indicated by Panayides et al.(2009, pp.203-204).

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.37-52
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• 2020

This study deals with the terms of three connection factors that promote air cargo transportation in the east-south area: a firm's subjective factors, industrial environment factors, and governmental policy factors. According to the analysis results, a firm's subjective factors (4.48) scored highest of the three promotion factors, followed by industrial environment factors (4.20) and government policy factors (3.88). Therefore, it is important to promote to air cargo transportation in the east-south area a firm's subjective factors (1) to procure concentrated market strategy and real market capacity, (2) to procure speedy satisfaction of customer needs and confidence, (3) to enhance aviation route development, and (4) to enhance business ability of airlines and forwarders. Next, air cargo transportation should be promoted in the east-south area by considering industrial environment factors and government policy factors.