• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.273-284
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• 2022

PURPOSE. Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) of implant abutments has been shown to result in surface contamination from site-specific milling and fabrication processes. If not removed, these contaminants can have a potentially adverse effect and may trigger inflammatory responses of the peri-implant tissues. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bacterial disinfection and cleaning efficacy of ultrasonic reprocessing in approved disinfectants to reduce the microbial load of CAD-CAM abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four different types of custom implant abutments (total N = 32) with eight specimens in each test group (type I to IV) were CAD-CAM manufactured. In two separate contamination experiments, specimens were contaminated with heparinized sheep blood alone and with heparinized sheep blood and the test bacterium Enterococcus faecium. Abutments in the test group were processed according to a three-stage ultrasonic protocol and assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by determination of residual protein. Ultrasonicated specimens contaminated with sheep blood and E. faecium were additionally eluted and the dilutions were incubated on agar plates for seven days. The determined bacterial counts were expressed as colony-forming units (CFU). RESULTS. Ultrasonic reprocessing resulted in a substantial decrease in residual bacterial protein to less than 80 ㎍ and a reduction in microbiota of more than 7 log levels of CFU for all abutment types, exceeding the effect required for disinfection. CONCLUSION. A three-stage ultrasonic cleaning and disinfection protocol results in effective bacterial decontamination. The procedure is reproducible and complies with the standardized reprocessing and disinfection specifications for one- or two-piece CAD-CAM implant abutments.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.346-356
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• 2022

The jurisprudential legal rules govern the way Muslims react and interact to daily life. This creates a huge stream of questions, that require highly qualified and well-educated individuals, called Muftis. With Muslims representing almost 25% of the planet population, and the scarcity of qualified Muftis, this creates a demand supply problem calling for Automation solutions. This motivates the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to solve this problem, which requires a well-designed Question-Answering (QA) system to solve it. In this work, we propose a QA system, based on retrieval augmented generative transformer model for jurisprudential legal question. The main idea in the proposed architecture is the leverage of both state-of-the art transformer models, and the existing knowledge base of legal sources and question-answers. With the sensitivity of the domain in mind, due to its importance in Muslims daily lives, our design balances between exploitation of knowledge bases, and exploration provided by the generative transformer models. We collect a custom data set of 850,000 entries, that includes the question, answer, and category of the question. Our evaluation methodology is based on both quantitative and qualitative methods. We use metrics like BERTScore and METEOR to evaluate the precision and recall of the system. We also provide many qualitative results that show the quality of the generated answers, and how relevant they are to the asked questions.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.353-360
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• 2022

Due to the dense and complicated working environment, the construction industry is susceptible to many accidents. Worker's fall is a severe problem at the construction site, including falling into holes or openings because of the inadequate coverings as per the safety rules. During the construction or demolition of a building, openings and holes are formed in the floors and roofs. Many workers neglect to cover openings for ease of work while being aware of the risks of holes, openings, and gaps at heights. However, there are safety rules for worker safety; the holes and openings must be covered to prevent falls. The safety inspector typically examines it by visiting the construction site, which is time-consuming and requires safety manager efforts. Therefore, this study presented a worker-driven approach (the worker is involved in the reporting process) to facilitate safety managers by developing integrated computer vision and inertia sensors-based mobile applications to identify openings. The TensorFlow framework is used to design Convolutional Neural Network (CNN); the designed CNN is trained on a custom dataset for binary class openings and covered and deployed on an android smartphone. When an application captures an image, the device also extracts the accelerometer values to determine the inclination in parallel with the classification task of the device to predict the final output as floor (openings/ covered), wall (openings/covered), and roof (openings / covered). The proposed worker-driven approach will be extended with other case scenarios at the construction site.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.101-118
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• 2023

Purpose - Korea became a trillion-dollar trading country in 2011. With the exponential increase in Korea's trade volume over the past decades, trade-related administrative burdens per capita for Korea Customs became enormous, for which the government established the Single Window, a trade-facilitating system, in 2004 to enhance the efficiency of customs-clearing procedures for traders. This paper focuses on finding whether the Korean Single Window system affects the country's trade facilitation positively through an empirical methodology. Design/methodology - To find empirical evidence that Single Window affects trade facilitation for the customs-clearing procedure, this study assumes that a time-efficient environment enables the handling of the increase in trade volume, under which four independent variables related to import customs-clearing procedures and two dependent variables to import were adopted for empirical analysis. The import customs procedures are classified into four steps from port entry to declaration acceptance. To understand the relationship between variables, scattered plots and correlation coefficients were calculated. Eight hypotheses were set and underwent simple linear regression. The data for analysis were collected by Korea Customs, and were about the lead time of import, the volume of imports in million USD, and the number of import declarations reported to customs offices on a monthly basis from 2005 to 2013. Findings - Six of the eight hypotheses showed the statistically significant result that lead time in the import customs-clearing procedure positively affects the number of import declaration reports and import volume. Specifically, Hypothesis 1, Hypothesis 2, and Hypothesis 3 strongly support the assumption lead time in import customs declaration has an inverse relationship with the number of import declarations, which means that the shorter the import lead time, the more import declaration increases. Research Limitations/Implications - With limited data accessibility to the government's custom-sclearing procedures, only the import lead time for customs clearance were adopted as independent variables. This paper, however, successfully found that the Single Window system contributed to trade facilitation. Originality/value - This study found that the time-saving Single Window system of Korea Customs enables itself to manage an exponentially-increasing trade volume by creating a trade-facilitating environment for customs personnel and traders, which may be a unique implication found through quantitative methodology.

• 복식
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2005

The realistic plan to establish a silver market in the clothing industries has not taken concrete shape, although the interest in the establishment of a silver market targeting the aged as a new custom group Is gradually Increasing because the rapid development of science and medical technology in the 20th century has led to an extension of lift and improvement of living conditions. The specialized business which produces and sells the clothing for the elderly is of small number and most of the clothes for the elderly are manufactured and sold by the companies for women's clothing in which change the size or length of the original works rather than reflect the bodily features of the elderly. The findings indicated that domestic brands showed the coordinated concept of a suit of jacket and slacks or skirts while the clothes were formed with a variety of coordinations centering around single article in the U.S brands. But, there was no difference in the use of natural materials centering around cotton and silk etc. and in the use of embroidery, lace and decorative details between the two countries. The knit brands of knit suit style in Korea were formed with the items focused on pull over and cardigan twin set, while the U.S brands were mainly formed with the design of knit suit style. The domestic knit brands were mostly developed with complicated patterns and gorgeous colors, while most of the U.S. brands were presenting a single or two tone color suit style and evening one-piece dress with a simple and modern style. The sporty casual brands of sporty casual style in Korea had a variety of colors and patterns focused on function and comfort for diverse leisure activities and daily life, while the U.S brands were established to present a variety of styles with the items of single article because they had a separate brand for casual even though it was not a exclusive brand for the elderly This study has a meaning in the presentation of the design idea considering the bodily shape of the elderly compared to the ready-to-wear considering the size alone, by examining the characteristics of bodice according to the physical change of the elderly women, analyzing the design of madam brand and the style of the ready-to-wear, researching the general circumstances of the brand for the elderly women, and highlighting the necessity of the elderly clothing market.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1996

연구의 목적 및 중요성 안구에 발생하는 악성종양의 치료에 일반적으로 사용되는 적출술이나 외부 방사선치료법은 시력상실 및 충분한 종양선량을 얻을 수 없는 단점이 있다. 최근 들어 기존치료법의 단점들을 줄이면서 치료 효과를 높이기 위한 치료법으로서 방사성동위원소가 삽입된 기구를 이용한 근접 방사선요법이 외국에서 개발되어 시행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 안구내 악성종양의 새로운 치료법인 근접 방사성요법을 시행하기 위하여 접합한 형태의 기구를 개발하고, 기구에서 방출되는 방사선의 선량 및 선량분포측정을 통하여 종양 및 주변조직에 분포되는 선량을 보다 정확하게 계산해 보고자 하였다. 연구의 내용 및 범위 안구내 악성종양의 치료를 위한 근접 방사선요법의 연구를 위하여, 1. 안구의 모델을 결정하고, 적당한 방사성동위원소를 선택하였으며, 2. 적합한 형태의 기구를 설계 및 제작하고, 3. 제작된 기구의 방사선 투과계수 및 기구에서 방출되는 방사선의 선량분포를 측정하였으며, 4. 이들 측정 결과와 기존의 컴퓨터 선량계산모델들의 계산 결과와 비교하였다. 연구 결과 및 활용에 대한 건의 본 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 안구의 모델은 지름 25mm인 구형으로 결정하였으며, 근접 치료에 사용될 방사성동위원소는 크기, 반감기, 발생 방사선의 에너지 및 구입의 용이성 등을 고려하여 Ir-192가 가장 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 2. 기구는 인체 조직과의 생물학적 반응 및 피폭 선량 차폐를 고려하여 순금으로 제작하였으며, 기구의 크기는 지름이 15mm, 17mm 및 20mm인 3종류로 하였고, 두께는 모두 1.5mm로 하였다. 3. 기구의 방사선 투과계수를 TLD 및 Film으로 측정한 결과 표면에서 모두 0.71, 표면의 1.5mm거리에서 각각 0.45, 0.49이었다. 4. Ir-192가 삽입된 기구의 선량분포 측정 결과를 Gary Luxton 등의 컴퓨터 선량계산모델 및 원자력병원에서 보유하고 있는 방사선 치료계획장치인 CAP-PLAN의 선량계산모델의 계산 결과와 비교하여, 흡수선량은 ${\pm}10\%$ 이내에서 거리로는 0.4mm 이내에서 대부분 일치하였다. 최대 오차는 각각 $11.3\%$ 및 0.8mm로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들로부터 새로 개발한 금으로 된 기구와 Ir-192 seed를 이용한 근접 방사선 치료법으로 안구의 악성종양에 대한 치료를 보다 효과적으로 시행할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1069-1077
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 선택적 산화 알루미늄(SAAO: Selectively Anodized Aluminum Oxide) 기판을 이용하여 2.5 GHz 8 W급 소형 GaN HEMT 전력 증폭기 모듈을 설계, 제작하였다. SAAO 기판 공정은 최근 Wavenics사에서 제안한 특허 기술로서, 알루미늄을 웨이퍼로 이용한다. 본 연구에 사용된 능동 소자는 최근 발표된 TriQuint사의 칩 형태 의 GaN HEMT이다. 최적의 임피던스는 수동 조정 소자가 내장된 지그를 사용하여 실험적으로 결정하였다. 결정된 임피던스를 이용하여, 입 출력 임피던스 정합 회로를 EM co-시뮬레이션을 이용하여 F급으로 설계를 수행하였으며, SAAO 기판에 구현하였다. 이때, 소형의 패키지(모듈)에 집적하기 위하여 인덕터와 커패시터는 각각 spiral inductor, single layer capacitor를 사용하였다. 소형으로($4.4{\times}4.4\;mm^2$) 패키지된 전력 증폭기 모듈의 경우, 출력은 8 W, 효율은 40 % 그리고 2차 및 3차 고조파에 대한 고조파 억제는 30 dBc 이상의 특성을 보였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.311-326
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• 2013

For providing a basic data concerning with a fishing deck layout design of a trawler the authors conducted the video observations about the working activities of crews on the deck in the different layout of two Korean coastal large stern trawlers (gross tonnage: 139). The winch of the trawler-A was installed on the aft of the fishing deck and the trawler-B, on the forward of the fishing deck. The work and activities of the deck hands on both trawlers were observed using the CCD (charge coupled device) camera installed on each trawler's deck for one month from August 3, 2010. The video data was analyzed by the hierarchical task analysis (HTA) method. In results, numbers of tasks to require deck hands during the hauling net and the casting net were 25 and 28 for the trawler-A and 27 and 48 for the trawler-B, respectively. The working processes were represented a same in both of the trawlers. Location for controlling the deck machineries, the location installed trawl winch, kinds of deck machineries, crew's custom for using deck machineries were the factor affecting to the number of the task. In the case of the improvement suggested in the results is carried out, the reduction percentages of the number of task in the trawler-A and trawler-B were estimated as 24.5% and 51.3%, respectively. Through this study it was found that the quantitative analysis is possible for the work processes, work methods and the work contents in the trawler. Also the suggestion for improving the fishing deck layout design of the trawler was possible by finding out the factors increasing the number of tasks and removing the tasks. We expect that the results of this paper are used as a basic data for designing the layout of deck machineries in the trawler in the future.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.209-216
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• 1998

21세기의 소비자 시장은 첫째, 패션 데모크라시의 현상으로 소비자들은 무조건적인 유행추종으로 이탈하는 삶들의 수가 많아지면서 자연의 주체적인 판단에 의해서 스스로의 패션을 선택, 창조해 가려는 현상을 보이고 있다. 둘째, 토탈 패션의 추구현상으로, 앞으로의 소비자들은 단품상품을 차별화하는데 목표를 두기보다는 자신의 개성과 가치관에 기초한 다양한 패션요소를 고려하는 경향으로 가고 있다. 셋째, 월드퀄리티 지향으로, 생활수준의 향상과 함께 소비자의 패션의식을 소재, 품질, 디자인, 브랜드 이미지와 같은 요소들의 세계적 통용성을 강조하는 데로 이행해 가고 있다. 넷째, 신 합리주의의 등장으로, 소비자들은 패션의 고급화를 추구시킨 상품전략에 있어서 현명함, 진실함을 강조하고 합리적인 가격대를 요구하는 경향이 늘어나고 있는 추세이다. 다섯째, 컨셉트 지향으로, 소비자 을은 각자 개인의 생활 장면(Life Scene)에 적합한 컨셉트 지향을 추구하는 현상으로 변하고 있다. 변화된 패션시장에 대응하기 위한 새로운 마케팅전략을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, Borderless가 점차 진행되면서 어패럴이 고객 개인에게 Custom made 상품을 제공하는 등 업체의 경계가 희미해지고 있다. 둘째, 비즈니스를 표준화 시스템화하여 집중관리 방식을 취하는 기업이 증가하면 할수록 그 niche시장을 겨냥하는 게릴라가 등장하는 고랄라와 게릴라의 2극화가 진행된다. 기본적으로는 개인의 창의 연구를 중요시하고 고감도로 현장밀착을 지향하고 있다. 그러나 이 2극화도 완전 분리하는 것이 아니라 고릴라가 게릴라적 움직임을 보이고 게릴라가 고릴라적 하이테크를 사용하는 등의 서로 보완적인 관계가 되는 현상이다. 셋째, Value retailing의 성장으로, 메스 머천다이징을 지향하는 기업이나 카테고리고리 킬러라고 칭해지는 기업 군이 점점 새로운 상품영역으로 확대되어 대형화 되어서 비즈니스의 share를 확대하고 있다. 넷째, 아웃소싱의 활용으로, 자사의 회사에 있는 기능, 지금까지 자가만이 해온 것을 모두 검토하여 <이것만은 우리가 강하다>고 하는 것만 남기고 다른 것은 외부의 기능을 이용하는 동향이 해마다 강해지고 있다. 다섯째, 무점포 판매의 확대로, 카탈로그 등의 통신판매에 더하여 인터넷의 등장, CD-ROM판매도 구체화되었다. 어느 유력한 미국의 Thinktank는 <2010년에 의류품과 홈제품의 전 매출액의 5.5%가 None.store가 될 것이다.>라고 예측하고 있다. 이상과 같은 문제를 극복하기 위해서는, 첫째, International, Global차원의 마케팅과, 둘째, Technology의 향상, 셋째, 지식 창조형의 마케팅이 요구된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.124-136
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• 2019

Orthodontic treatment is more complicated when both soft and hard tissues must be considered because an impacted maxillary canine has important effects on function and esthetics. Compared with extraction of impacted maxillary canines, exposure followed by orthodontic traction can improve esthetics and better protect the patient's teeth and alveolar bone. Therefore, in order to achieve desirable tooth movement with minimal unexpected complications, a precise diagnosis is indispensable to establish an effective and efficient force system. In this report, we describe the case of a 31-year-old patient who had a labio-palatal horizontally impacted maxillary left canine with a severe occlusal alveolar bone defect and a missing maxillary left first premolar. Herein, with the aid of three-dimensional imaging, sequential traction was performed with a three-directional force device that finally achieved acceptable occlusion by bringing the horizontally impacted maxillary left canine into alignment. The maxillary left canine had normal gingival contours and was surrounded by a substantial amount of regenerated alveolar bone. The 1-year follow-up stability assessment demonstrated that the esthetic and functional outcomes were successful.