• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1999

A Gerotor hydraulic motor is a planar mechanism consisting of a pair of rotors one of which encloses another rotor. The motion of the inner-rotor relative to the outer-rotor is produced by the pressure difference between the adjacent chambers. A design method of inner-rotor tooth profile using unit tangential vectors is presented in this work. Based on the relationships derived, the influence of the eccentricity of inner-rotor and the radius of circular arc tooth on the flow rate, torque and curvatures were investigated. It was shown that the flow rate and mean torque is proportional to eccentricity, but inversely proportional to the radius of circular arc teeth. Also, the maximum value of the equivalent curvature is increased as the eccentricity and the radius of circular arc teeth increased.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-38
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• 2011

This study examines the influence of curved, steel, I-girder bridge configuration on girder end reactions and cross frame member forces during seismic events. Simply-supported bridge finite element models were created and examined under seismic events mimicking what could be experienced in AASHTO Seismic Zone 2. Bridges were analyzed using practical ranges of: radius of curvature; girder and cross frame spacings; and lateral bracing configuration. Results from the study indicated that: (1) radius of curvature had the greatest influence on seismic response; (2) interior (lowest radius) girder reactions were heavily influenced by parameter variations and, in certain instances, uplift at their bearings could be a concern; (3) vertical excitation more heavily influenced bearing and cross frame seismic response; and (4) lateral bracing helped reduce seismic effects but using bracing along the entire span did not provide additional benefit over placing bracing only in bays adjacent to the supports.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.681-689
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• 2009

Disk grinding was often applied to deburring process in order to enhance the final product quality. Inherent chamfering capability of the flexible disk grinding process in the early stage was analyzed with respect to various process parameters including workpiece length, wheel speed, depth of cut and feed. Initial chamfered edge defined as arc zone was characterized with local radius of curvature. Averaged radius and arc zone ratio was well evaluated using neural network system. Additional neural network analysis adding workpiece length showed enhance performance in predicting arc zone ratio and curvature radius with reduced error rate. A process condition design parameter was estimated using remaining input and output parameters with the prediction error rate lower than 2.0% depending on the relevant input parameter combination and neural network structure composition.

• Korean Journal of Dental Materials
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2017

This study evaluates the machining accuracy of the custom abutment design according to the selected convergence angle and radius of curvature value in the CAD program. Ten custom abutments were designed based on dental CAD. And then, the fabricated custom abutment was scanned ten times using a contact scanner. The data of the scanned custom abutment was saved as "Test STL" file. The Geomagic studio software was used to superposition each exported as an "Test STL" file with the CAD-reference-model STL file (CRM) specified by the same name. In the experimental results, the A8 group (convergence angle $8^{\circ}$) showed lower error than the A4 group (convergence angle $4^{\circ}$) . In addition, the higher the radius of curvature, the less error in the top and chamfer regions of the custom abutment (p< 0.05). Overall, the convergence angle and radius of curvature value in the custom abutment design were found to affect the machining accuracy.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.273-278
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• 2012

Using a comparison of the Jacobi differential equations instead of volume comparison by Itokawa in [3], the focal radius is estimated under the suitable Ricci and mean curvature conditions.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.361-376
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the head and neck postre and the cervical curvature, especially in forward head postrue(FHP). Sixty patients with craniomandibular disorders and thirty dental students without any signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disordres participated in this study as patient groups and sa control group, respectively. The author evaluated the head and neck posture of all subjects by plumb line and CROM( Cervical Ragne of Motion), and had taken cephaograph in natural head position. On the cephalograph the angle of cervical inclination formed by true horizntal plane and 4th cervical vertebra(C4) and the radius of cervical curvature from C1 to C5 were measured. A specially designed ruler was used for measuring cervical curvature. Occlusal contac number and force with T-scan system, electromygraphic activity of cervical muscles with Bio-EMG, and distance of freeway space with Bio-ECN were recorded, respectively. The collected data were processed by SAS/STAT progrm. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In subjects with longer radius which was less cervical curvature, head positioned more anteriorly than subjects with smaller radius, and they showed slightly straight cervical vertebra. 2. Between the patients and the control group, there were no differences in cervical curvature, in forward head position by plumb line and in CROM. But the patient group had a greater cervical inclination than the control group had. 3. There were positive correlation between cervical curvature and forward head position by plumbline,between forward head position y plumb line and that by CROM in patient group. The cervical inclination, however, had negative correlation with cervical curvature, and with forward head postion by plumb line, respectively. 4. In case of showing more cervical curvature and more forward head position by plumb line the head position was defined as forward head posture. In patient group, subjects without forward head posture showed greater posterior teeth contact force than subjects with forward head posture, but in control group, there were no difference between the two subjects. 5. There were higher electromyographic activity in almost all muscles and smaller freeway space in induced forward head posture than those in natural head position in subjects without forward head posture. In conclusion, head position of patients with craniomandibular disorders were not more anterior than that of normal control person, but they had tendency to head extension. From the result of this study, forward head posture could be defined as posterior rotation of upper cervical segment with a straight lower cercial segment due to loss of normal lordosis.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.555-560
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• 2007

This paper shows some achievements at bending of extruded aluminum profiles during the extrusion process. The conventional process for the production of bent profiles involves a successive extrusion, stretching, and bending of the profiles. Conventional bending methods can not meet demands far precision and cost-effective production in some cases, due to cross sectional deformation, irregular decrease of tube wall thickness and a complication of the process design. An estimation of spring-back required for precision of the bending radius can not always be achieved by the over bending of the profile. Since the profile is hot during the bending process, the spring-back phenomenon can be avoided. This means that an additional bending process is not necessary. Consequently, flexible bending can be achieved with cost reduction and quality improvement. Experimental tests were completed to study the relationship between curvature radius of profile and position of guide on the extrusion for vehicle bumper. A7108 is applied as a billet material in order to increase strength. The overall correlation between the experimental and numerical results is good. It is therefore concluded that the present method provides an efficient means for the constant curvature extrusion process.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2006

Kelvin equation is revisited, which accounts for important phenomena observed frequently in nano-dispersion systems. They include vapor pressure increase for curved interfaces, nucleation, capillary condensation, Ostwald ripening and so on. The smaller the radius of curvature is, the more significant Kelvin equation becomes. Therefore, its meaning, curvature effect, and importance are examined and discussed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.637-642
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• 2003

Morphology of primary root divergency and curvature determines the pattern of root resorption and periapical lesion, and affects successful root canal treatment. With the purpose of analysing the morphology of primary mandibular second molar roots and canals, the frequency, angle, radius, and start of curvature of the canal were measured. Fifty clinical radiographs were taken from $3{\sim}6$ years old children, followed by digitizing after scanning and analyzing by Scion image Beta 4.02TM(Scion Co. USA). The angle of curvature was determined by Schneider's method and the radius of curvature was determined by Schaefer's method. The results were as follows: 1. The angle of curvatures were $17.3^{\circ}{\pm}5.0$ (mesial), and $27.9^{\circ}{\pm}6.0$ (distal). Distal curvature was significantly larger than mesial.(p<0.05) 2. The radius of curvatures were $8.7mm{\pm}2.5$ (mesial), and $5.8\;mm{\pm}1.5$ (distal). Mesial curvature was significantly larger than distal.(p<0.05) 3. The start of curvatures were $4.1mm{\pm}0.6$ (mesial), and $4.2mm{\pm}0.6$ (distal). There were no difference between two groups. (P<0.05)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.306-313
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• 2015

In this study, the change of optical characteristics was studied according to the micro optical pattern provided by photo lithography followed by thermal reflow process. The shape and luminance variation with micro pattern was evaluated by SEM and spectrometers. Also, we analyzed the luminance characteristics using the 3D-optical simulation (Optis works) program. As a result, we found that the radius of curvature(R) in micro pattern is decreased up to 77%($150^{\circ}C$) compared to the radius of curvature at the condition $100^{\circ}C$, which is caused by efficient reflow of organic material without chemical changes. The highest enhancement of brightness with optimum micro pattern was obtained at the condition of $120^{\circ}C$ reflow process. The brightness gain with optical micro patterns is more than 15% at the condition of R=16.95 um, ${\Theta}=77.14^{\circ}$ compared to original optical source. The results of light simulation with various radius of curvature and side angle of pattern shows the similar result of experiment evaluation of light behavior on optical micro patterns. It is regarded that the more effect on light enhancement was contributed by side angle which is effective factor on light reflection, rather than the curvature of micro-patterns.