• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2010

The breast types of middle-aged women of 80A (formerly 80B) size were classified through a 3D scanned nude body. Thirty seven measurements including the radius of curvature, surface area, volume, surface length, and breast displacements were used as input variables. We extracted five main factors through the factor analysis of the measurements and classified 36 subjects into 3 clusters through the cluster analysis. As a result of the factor analysis, the size of the breast, breast sag, the curvature of the inner and the outer breast curve, the width of the breast, and the nipple direction were found as the main factors. For the results of the classification of breast types, Cluster 1 was characterized by narrow breast width and unsymmetrical under the breast curve, whereas Cluster 2 was a wide and sagged shape. Cluster 3 was classified into big breast volume and symmetrical under-breast curve. The results are useful to the product development of high quality brassieres which reflect the 3D characteristics of breast types of middle-aged women.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.295-298
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• 2000

In this research, a novel sampling strategy for a CMM to inspect freeform surfaces is proposed. Unlike primitive surfaces, it is not easy to determine the number of sampling points and their locations for inspecting freeform surfaces. Since a CMM operates with slower speed in measurement than optical measuring devices, it is important to optimize the number and the locations of sampling points in the inspection process. When a complete inspection of a surface is required, it becomes more critical. Among various factors to cause shape errors of a final product, curvature characteristic is essential due to its effect such as stair-step errors in rapid prototyping and interpolation errors in NC tool paths generation. Shape errors are defined in terms of the average and standard deviation of differences between an original model and a produced part. Proposed algorithms determine the locations of sampling points by analyzing curvature distribution of a given surface. Based on the curvature distribution, a surface area is divided into several sub-areas. In each sub-area, sampling points are located as further as possible. The optimal number of sub-areas. In each sub-area, sampling points are located as further as possible. The optimal number os sub-areas is determined by estimating the average of curvatures. Finally, the proposed method is applied to several surfaces that have shape errors for verification.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.691-699
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• 1997

The effects of concave hemispherical surface curvature on the local heat transfer from a turbulent round impinging jet were experimentally investigated. The liquid crystal transient method was used for these measurements. This method, which is a variation on the transient method, suddenly exposes a preheated wall to an impinging jet while video recording the response of liquid crystals for the measurement of the surface temperature. The Reynolds number ranges from Re=11,000 to 50,000, the nozzle-to- surface distance from L/d=2 to 10, and the surface curvature from D/d=6 to 12.The present results are also compared to those for the flat plate case. In the experiment, the local Nusselt numbers tend to increase in all regions with an increasing surface curvature. The maximum Nusselt number for all Reynolds numbers occurred at L/d .ident. 6 and a second maximum in the Nusselt number occurred at R/d .ident. 2 for both Re=23,000 and Re=50,000 in the case of L/d=2 and for Re=50,000 only in the case of L/d=4. Meanwhile, as the surface curvature increases, the value of the secondary maximum Nusselt number decreases. All the other cases exhibit monotonically decreasing values of the Nusselt number along the curved surface. The stagnation point Nusselt numbers are well correlated with Re, L/d, and D/d.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2006

각막곡률반경은 RGP 렌즈를 착용한 대학생(1980~1984년)을 대상으로 측정하였다. 대상자는 187명으로 여자(167), 남자(17) 그리고 원추각막환자(3)이었다. 각막곡률반경은 전체대상자의 평균치가 7.77mm이었고, 좌안과 우안의 측정치 역시 7.77mm이었다. 눈의 수평, 수직경선의 측정치는 7.88mm, 7.65mm이었다. 남자와 여자의 경우는 모두가 수평이 수직경선보다 동일하게 0.22mm 크게 조사되었다. 성별에 따른 곡률반경의 차이는 남자의 경우 평균치가 7.84mm으로 여자의 경우보다 0.08mm 정도 크게 측정되었고, 좌, 우안의 크기는 차이가 없었다. 원추각막환자는 곡률반경의 평균치가 6.86mm으로 정상인 조사대상자의 평균치보다 0.91mm 작게 조사되어 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.61-63
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• 2001

Residual stress distribution in injection-molded short fiber composites was determined using layer-removal method. Polysterene with 3 vol% carbon fibers was injection-molded into the tensile specimen. With milling machine layer-removal process was conducted and the curvature data were acquired. Treuting and Read analysis which is assuming isotropic material, and White analysis considering anisotropy due to the fiber orientation were used to calculate residual stress of the flow direction through the thickness direction and compared with each other.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.120-129
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• 1990

In this paper, 3-dimensional object segmentation and classification are proposed. Planar object is segmented surface using jump boundary and internal boundary. Curved object is segmented surfaces by maximin clustering method. Segmented surfaces are classified by depth trends and angle measurement of normal vectors. Classified surfaces are merged according to adjacent surfaces and compared to Guassian curvature and mean curvature method. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the synthetic range images and shows good classification.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2007

Simple chest radiography에서 정상인의 가로막(diaphragm)에 대한 계측치는 다음과 같다. 1. 전체 대상자에 대한 흉곽(internal diameter of thorax: ID)의 평균은 293.3 mm이었으며, 최소 221.0 mm, 최대 335.3 mm이었다. 2. 가로막의 높이는 오른 가로막이 높은 경우가 81.4%, 오른 가로막과 왼 가로막이 동일한 경우가 16.2%, 왼 가로막이 높은 경우가 2.4% 순으로 나타났다. 3. 오른 가로막이 높은 경우 오른 가로막의 평균 높이는 15.2 mm이었으며, 가장 낮은 경우는 2.0 mm, 가장 높은 경우는 41.7 mm이었다. 4. 왼 가로막이 높은 경우 왼 가로막의 평균 높이는 11.5 mm이었으며, 가장 낮은 경우는 4.7 mm, 가장 높은 경우는 30.4 mm이었다. 5. 가로막의 만곡도에서 오른 가로막의 평균 만곡은 22.9 mm이었고, 가장 작은 경우는 10.4 mm, 가장 큰 경우는 37.3 mm이었다. 6. 왼 가로막의 평균 만곡은 22.4 mm이었고, 가장 작은 경우는 11.3 mm, 가장 큰 경우는 42.2 mm이었다. 7. ID와 오른 가로막과 왼 가로막 만곡에 대한 관계에서 ID는 오른 가로막 만곡(r= .427, p<.001)과 왼 가로막 만곡(r= .425, p<.001)에서 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 정적 상관관계를 보였다. 8. 오른 가로막 만곡과 왼 가로막 만곡의 관계는(r= .403, p<.001) 통계적으로 유의미한 정적 상관관계를 보였다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

This paper deals with the residual stresses developed in an epoxy film deposited on Si wafer. First, chemically induced residual stresses due to the volumetric shrinkage in cross-linking resins during polymerization are treated. The curvature measurement method is employed to investigate the residual stresses. Then, thermally induced stresses are investigated along the interface between the epoxy film and Si wafer. The boundary element method is employed to investigate the whole stresses in the film. The singular stress is observed near the interface corner. Such residual stresses are large enough to initiate interface delamination to relieve the residual stresses.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.2145-2152
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• 1993

The objective of this paper is to examine the detection limit, growth characteristics and notch curvature radius in short crack problem. Measurement techniques such as ultrasonic method and back-face strain compliance method were adopted. The fatigue crack growth rate of the short crack is slower than that of a long crack for a notched specimen. The characteristic of crack growth and crack closure is same as the case of a delay of crack growth caused by constant amplitude load for an ideal crack or single peak overload for a fatigue crack. The short crack is detected effectively by ultrasonic method. A short surface crack occurs in the middle of specimen thickness and is transient to a through crack depth is larger than the notch curvature radius.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

Thoracic kyphosis is occasionally used to describe someone with accentuated thoracic curvature, hyperkyphosis is preferred since kyphosis itself refers to the normal sagittal angle of thoracic curvature. The angle of thoracic kyphosis tends to increase with age resulting in hyperkyphosis in some individuals. The persons who suffer from hyperkyphosis are at increased risk for a variety of adverse health outcomes that include musculoskeletal alteration, physical functional limitations, poor quality of life, falls, and even earlier mortality. Hyperkyphosis may develop from vertebral fractures, degenerative disc disease, either muscle weakness, decreased mobility and sensory deficits. The gold-standard orthopaedic technique for assessment of thoracic kyphosis is standing lateral spine radiographs. Other clinical measures are Debrunner kyphometer, inclinometer, flexicurve ruler, arcometer, flexible electrogoniometer and spinal mouse.