• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.373-393
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the process of the national curriculum reforms in Finland since 1968. The history of Finnish educational system reform was firstly discussed in order to provide the background and context of the curriculum reforms from 1968 to the present for a deeper understanding of the Finnish curriculum reform processes. Secondly, I provided a contour of the history of Finnish curriculum reform, focusing on the development and revision of early childhood curriculum since the 2000s. Finally, the current Finnish national curriculum reform named the "2012-2016/7 National Core Curriculum Reform" was depicted in details: processes, participants, principles etc. In conclusion, the Finnish national curriculum reform processes provide lessons: long-term reform design, open reform process, and a variety of reform participants including beneficiaries of education and students, which were the ones who have been neglected so far in Korea. In short, the Finnish curriculum reform process can be considered a realization of democracy.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.154-165
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• 2003

Fisheries and shipping industry as national basic industry need continuous growth and basic human resource development for international competition. This study was carried out through investigating of the related literature and reports. The purpose of study for developing direction and subject matter of curriculum in the fisheries marine science high school was as follows. Recently, reforms of vocational high school will expand professionalization and specialization. Therefore systematic curriculum of basic knowledge, basic skill and technical is required more and more in field work of fishery and merchant marine. The other important factors of curriculum improvement were cooperative role between school and local industry, adaptation of basic ability, job analysis, various curriculum opening. Above all, teachers of fisheries and merchant marine high school require advanced consciousness and must participate in revising curriculum. And the textbook of fisheries and merchant marine high school is useful to improve the level of learning ability degree and must be written by the related teacher, and the textbook contents must be studied by the expert group under professors leading to advanced discipline and skill of field work.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.194-206
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• 2002

This article describes the major themes to change in historical and philosophical perspectives of science education that lead the US and Korean science curriculum reform movements since 1957. Inquiry teaching and criticism of teaching science as inquiry in the late 1950s and the 1960s, Science-Technology-Society (STS) Curricula, and Science Literacy and the 1980s science literacy crisis are discussed. In the US, three major curricular projects as responses to the scientific literacy crisis are exemplary such as the Project 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Project on Scope, Sequence, and Coordination (SS&C) initiated by the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), and the National Science Education Standards (NSES) published by the National Research Council. To identify how each set of national content standards differ, we compared specific content standards related to the theory of plate tectonics in Earth and Space science in grades 9-12 over the three national standards: Benchmarks of AAAS, NSES of the NRC, and SS&C of the NSTA. Against this historical background of the US science education reform movements, the curriculum reform movements in Korea is briefly discussed. In general, Korean science curriculum reform movements have reflected and resembled the recommendations of the US reform movements. In addition, it is important to note that throughout the history of curriculum revision in Korea, there have been continuing pendulum swings between a theoretical, discipline-centered curriculum and a liberal, humanistic, and student-centered curriculum, which pays more attention to students in terms of their interest and psychological preparedness. In conclusion, the sixth and seventh national science curriculum revisions reflect rather a student-centered movement by reducing technical and sophisticated topics, taking constructivism learning theory into consideration, and adding more STS related topics.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 2002

Recently, early childhood education in England has experienced a significant level of government intervention including reforms for improving it. This study examines to what extent new Labour government initiatives impact preschool education in England and how effectively the English government implements its preschool education policies. This empirical study uses a combination of methods, including documentary analysis, questionnaire, and observation. Findings show that recent English government policy, especially the introduction of a national preschool curriculum framework combined with an inspection process and funding mechanism, appears to have had a strong influence on preschool practices.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.691-697
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• 2010

There emerge debates in education and academy due to the plans for reforms of 2009 curriculum and 2014 university entrance exam, recently announced by the Korean Ministray of Education, Science and Technology. The plans particularly include reduction of geography on school curriculum. The plans reflect government's ignorance of the importance of geographic education. The paper aims to suggest re-thinking of the importance of geography as academic discipline and the necessity of geographic education.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.125-135
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• 2013

Since the establishment of the national medical licensing examination board in 1992, the medical licensing examination system has changed enormously and this has had a number of impacts on examination services. All those reforms were aimed at improving the relevance and reliability of the test. Several attempts of the testing system have appeared in the new examination service, and which have also brought about the changes in the medical school curriculum such as introducing integrated courses instead of traditional subjects, using test scores as a reference to the post-graduation selection test. Some examples of changes in the examination system are as follows: 1) choosing three integrated test subjects and outlines of their reference content instead of 15 academic subjects, 2) adjusting the ratio of multiple choice question items to focus more on the problem solving level, 3) introduction of 'one-best answer' single set and 'extended matching type items, 4) item construction based on real clinical cases and real clinical materials. Recently, a clinical skill test system has been introduced to measure examinees' basic clinical skills competencies. Despite continuing efforts, the examination system still has many issues remaining to be solved. These problems include the differential weighting of test items, appropriate threshold for passing, and practicality of pre-testing to stabilize the passing rate and avoid the hazards of newness and undesirably difficult test items.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.341-359
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• 2003

The purpose of this research was to determine whether the present Korean teacher education programs for secondary science teachers are effective in improving the teacher conceptions of constructivism and STS. It is because the current Korean National Science Curriculum is consistent with both ideas as reforms. The teacher education programs sampled in the research included pre-service programs and two types of in-service programs. These two were the Qualifying In-service Program and the Iowa Korean Science Teachers Workshop. The Iowa Program was considered as an experimental program emphasized the constructivist perspective. Specially designed questionnaires for identifying teacher conceptions before and after the programs were administered. The conceptions about constructivism and STS improved as a result of the instruction in both of the pre-service and in-service teacher education programs. The pre-service program was more effective than the in-service programs in improving the teacher conceptions of both constructivism and STS. The Qualifying Inservice program was less effective than Iowa Korean Science Teachers Workshop. It was necessary for inservice programs for Korean secondary science teachers to be more emphasized on constructivism and STS. Iowa Korean Science Teachers Workshop provided a possible example to design a new special in-service program focused on constructivist perspectives as a way of aligning the Korean National Science Curriculum more quickly with recommended teaching practices in Korean schools.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2004

There were a lot of challenges to reform mathematics education. These challenges may include reforms of teaching and learning methods, development of mathematics curriculum and textbooks, innovative resources for teaching mathematics. Although there is considerable consensus that meeting these challenges will require that mathematics teachers have deep insights about mathematics, about students as learners of mathematics, and about teaching method, the teachers themselves may have little knowledge of them. The most of the professional development includes elective participation in reeducation course, workshop, and special lectures which designed to transmit a specific set of ideas, techniques, or materials to teachers. But such approaches treat mathematics teaching as routine and technical, and also provide limited opportunities for meaningful interactions within the teaching community. So, this paper suggests that what is needed to develop professional teachers of mathematics is community where teachers work with colleagues rather than working alone.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2007

There were a lot of attempt to reform mathematics education. These may include reforms of teaching and learning methods, development of mathematics curriculum and textbooks, materials and resources for teaching. But the most important thing is reform of teaching and learning method. The teaching and learning in mathematics is related with culture of mathematics classroom. Thus the culture of mathematics classroom plays a critical role in the learning of mathematics. Although there is consensus what desirable culture of mathematics classroom is, the role of teachers is important to make desirable culture of mathematics classroom. So, this paper suggested the role of teachers in reforming the culture of mathematics classroom. Avoiding from routine and technical teaching, the teachers should play active role in constructing mathematical understanding of students.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.61-72
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to propose how to improve and develop the college curriculum of medical record administration, satisfying requirements from hospitals having medical record administrators. For the purpose, this researcher surveyed medical record administrators serving at hospitals located in Busan, Changwon, Masan and Jinju. Finally analyzed were responses from 100 medical recorders. The frequency of searching medical records to support information use was statistically different among hospitals according to the number of sick beds(p=.041), or $3.16{\pm}1.75$ for fewer than 300 sick beds, $4.28{\pm}2.42$ for 300 to 500 and $4.86{\pm}3.18$ for more than 500. The college course that was regarded as most important by most of the surveyed medical record administrators, or 53(37.2%) was medical terminology, followed by statistics by 36 of the respondents(18.5%) and EMR, 25(12.8%) in order. To make EMR truly effective requires reforming the university curriculum of medical record administration and giving more attention and more supports to training for better computerization, realizing that medical record administrators serve as a true manager of health and medical information, not a person who just paper-based medical information. In addition to managing health and medical information, medical record administrators are expected to have more roles in the future, for example, providing high-quality clinic knowledge and medical information that are necessary for efficient hospital management and medical research to survive competition.