• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.265-268
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• 1996

According to the research of the cultivation result of Gardenia for 5 years to investigate its cultivation conditions and problems, the development of the variety with early mature and high yielding is urgent and that of rooted cutting cultivation method by the experiment of rooted cutting, bed soil, growth regulator and cutting period are pressing. The development of cultivation method with planting year, planting density, supplementary period and amounts of supplementary of Gardenia planted on growing field are required and for the disease and insect pest control, the research of the cultivation method with disease and insect pest resistance is ne­eded by auxotrophic fertilizing and organic agricultural method, not by agriltural chemicals.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1207-1215
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• 2008

Satellite generates a complex electromagnetic noise by conducted and radiated coupling effect of the various electrical instruments. This noise may cause serious problems on the satellite system. To minimize the electromagnetic coupling effects and maintain the system safety margin, system noise reduction technique should be applied from the beginning of the system design. The COMS system is evaluated by measuring the conducted noise on system electrical power leads at PSR(Power Supply Regulator) and verifying a 6 dB system safety margin under the complex noise environment with current injection. The radiated noise due to the complex transmit antenna configuration is evaluated by integrating all unit-level RE measurement results, and the RF compatibility between spacecraft and launch vehicle is analyzed with the above estimations. This paper describes the COMS EMC compatibility analysis with respect to each unit level EMC test results, and RF compatibility analysis between spacecraft and launch vehicle. The analyzed results will be reflected on FM(Flight Model) EMC test.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-71
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to provide a better understanding of SUPAC-IR and its application in handling postapproval changes to immediate release solid oral dosage forms. Originally, SUPAC-IR was aimed at reducing the regulator burdern of the industry when they were making postapproval changes, but still at maintaining the formulation quality and performance of a drug product. The postapproval changes that were covered under SUPAC-IR included variations in the components ad composition of formulation, the site of manufacturing, batch size, manufacturing equipment, and manufacturing process. The guidance defined levels of changes, based on the likelihood of risk ocurrence and potential impact of postapproval changes upon the safety and efficacy of a drug product I suggested what a type of fing report should be submitted to the FDA for each level of change. Chemist, manufacturing, and control tests to be executed were also recommended for each change level The important tests specified in the guidance included batch release, stability, in vitro dissolution, and in vivo bioequivalence tests. However, there have been strong demands on revising the current SUPAC-IR in order to resolve some issues and to improve its usefulness in evaluating postapproval changes to immediate release solid oral dosage forms. In particular, the rigorous requirement of case C dissolution test and the definition of batch size were challenged by both academia and the industry. A revision work was in progress to reflect these inputs and to expand the utility of SUPAC-IR. As a result of these concerted efforts, an updated 2nd version of SPAC-IR would be likely to be issued ver soon to the public.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2013

The transient receptor potential melastatin type 7 (TRPM7) channel is a widely expressed non-selective cation channel with fusion to the C-terminal alpha kinase domain and regarded as a key regulator of whole body $Mg^{2+}$ homeostasis in mammals. However, the roles of TRPM7 during osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage precursor cells (BMMs) are not clear. In the present study, we investigate the roles of TRPM7 in osteoclastogenesis using methods of small interfering RNA (siRNA), RT-PCR, patch-clamp, and calcium imaging. RANKL (receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand) stimulation did not affect the TRPM7 expression and TRPM7-mediated current was activated in HEK293, RAW264.7, and BMM cells by the regulation of $Mg^{2+}$. Knock-down of TRPM7 by siTRPM7 reduced intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) increases by 0 mM $[Mg^{2+}]_e$ in HEK293 cells and inhibited the generation of RANKL-induced $Ca^{2+}$ oscillations in RAW264.7 cells. Finally, knock-down of TRPM7 suppressed RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis such as activation and translocation of NFATc1, formation of multinucleated cells, and the bone resorptive activity, sequentially. These results suggest that TRPM7 plays an essential role in the RANKL-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ oscillations that triggers the late stages of osteoclastogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.230-260
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• 1992

The paper was reviewed the research results on weed dynamics and effective control methods in direct-seeded rice crop. Direct seeding method resulted in drastic increment of weed growth compared to transplanting method and also changed in troublesome weed flora. Two to three fold more weeds were harvested at the direct seeded rice and weed flora of dominant species shifted toward $C_4$type grass weeds. Some of the important troublesome weeds in direct seeded rice were Echinochloa crus-galle, Oryza saliva ssp spontanea, Leptochloa chinensis. Setaria viridus. Digitaria adsendens, Sesbania exaltata, Aeschynomene indica, Algae, etc. Yield loss due to weed competiton was about 40-60% for water-seeded and about 70-100% for dry-seeded rice while these for transplanted rice were about 25-35% for mechanical transplanting and about 10-20% for manual transplanting, respectively. Integrated weed management concept was neede to approach weed control effectively. Several cultural technologies were very effective to suppress the weed growth. These were tillage operation, water management, seeding date and seeding rate. Crop residues of barley, rice, wheat, oat and italian ryegrass were also effectivly suppressed the paddy weeds particularly to Potamogeton distiuctus, a perennial broadleaf weed. A pathogen of Epicoccosorus nematosporus identified from Eleocharis kuroguwai was an excellent potential bioagent to control the most troublesome perennial sedge weed of E. Kuroguwai without arising any detrimental effect. The herbicidal efficacy of this pathogen was as high as bentazon herbicide. Plant growth regulator of paclobutrazol (pp-333) was another possible alternative to reduce the herbicide use. In current, herbicide exhibited the most conspicuous results to control weeds in direct-seeded rice even though the application technologies were not fully established. Recommendations for herbicide application were suggested for in both water-and dry-seeded rice in USA, Japan and Korea, respectively. To make better and comprehensive recommendations further studies on weed ecology and herbicide development were emphasized.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.485-490
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• 2012

In this paper, driver circuit of LED lights for ships is designed and implemented to replace conventional lights with filament which have short life time due to vibration of ships. The driver of LED module is switching circuit without transformer to reduce volume and cost. As switch circuit controls input 220 VAC with PWM, LED module is reliably driven. Power factor is improved by using valley-fill PFC compensation circuit which is handled to pulse current of switching circuit. Serial-parallel LED circuit is applied to reduce change period of lights of long-term navigation ships. Array of serial-parallel can operate even if some of LEDs is damaged. It is suitable for ships that power consumption and power factor of lights including developed drive circuit have 39Watt and 0.925 respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.26-33
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• 2010

This paper presents a multi-channel capacitive touch sensing unit for SoC applications. This unit includes a simple common processing unit and switch array to detect the touch sensing input by capacitive-time(C-T) conversion method. This touch sensor ASIC is designed based on the Capacitive-Time(C-T) conversion method to have advantages of small current and chip area, and the minimum resolution of the unit is 41 fF per count with the built-in sensing oscillator, LDO regulator and $I^2C$ for no additional external components. This unit is implemented in 0.18 um CMOS process with dual supply voltage of 1.8 V and 3.3 V. The total power consumption of the unit is 60 uA and the area is 0.26 $mm^2$.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.248-257
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• 2020

This study presents an initial design for a novel system consisting in a coupled nuclear reactor and a phase change material-based thermal energy storage (TES) component, which acts as a buffer and regulator of heat transfer between the primary and secondary loops. The goal of this concept is to enhance the capacity factor of nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the case of high integration of renewable energy sources into the electric grid. Hence, this system could support in elevating the economics of NPPs in current competitive markets, especially with subsidized solar and wind energy sources, and relatively low oil and gas prices. Furthermore, utilizing a prismatic-core advanced high temperature reactor (PAHTR) cooled by a molten salt with a high melting point, have the potential in increasing the system efficiency due to its high operating temperature, and providing the baseline requirements for coupling other process heat applications. The present research studies the neutronics and thermal hydraulics (TH) of the PAHTR as well as TH calculations for the TES which consists of 300 blocks with a total heat storage capacity of 150 MWd. SERPENT Monte Carlo and MCNP5 codes carried out the neutronics analysis of the PAHTR which is sized to have a 5-year refueling cycle and rated power of 300 MW_th. The PAHTR has 10 metric tons of heavy metal with 19.75 wt% enriched UO₂ TRISO fuel, a hot clean excess reactivity and shutdown margin of $33.70 and -$115.68; respectively, negative temperature feedback coefficients, and an axial flux peaking factor of 1.68. Star-CCM + code predicted the correct convective heat transfer coefficient variations for both the reactor and the storage. TH analysis results show that the flow in the primary loop (in the reactor and TES) remains in the developing mixed convection regime while it reaches a fully developed flow in the secondary loop.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a method of improving the light-load efficiency of DC-DC buck converter using 4bit SAR-ADC (Successive Approximation ADC) for a LDO or a power transistor size selection technique. The proposed circuit selects power transistor sizes depending on load current so that improves the light-load efficiency of the DC-DC buck converter. For this, we select the power transistor size with a cross point of the switching loss and the conduction loss. Also, when the IC operates in standby mode or sleep mode, a LDO mode is selected for improving the efficiency. The proposed circuit selects power transistor sizes(X1, X2, X4, X8) with 4 bits and its efficiency is higher about the maximum of 25% at the light-load than that of a single transistor size. Input voltage and output voltage are 5V and 3.3V for maximum load currents of 500mA.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1727-1735
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• 2012

Regardless of advances in treatment modalities with the invention of newer therapies, breast cancer remains a major health problem with respect to its diagnosis, treatment and management. This female malignancy with its tremendous heterogeneous nature is linked to high incidence and mortality rates, especially in developing region of the world. It is the malignancy composed of distinct biological subtypes with diverse clinical, pathological, molecular and genetic features as well as different therapeutic responsiveness and outcomes. This inconsistency can be partially overcome by finding novel molecular markers with biological significance. In recent years, newer technologies help us to indentify distinct biomarkers and increase our understanding of the molecular basis of breast cancer. However, certain issues need to be resolved that limit the application of gene expression profiling to current clinical practice. Despite the complex nature of gene expression patterns of cDNAs in microarrays, there are some innovative regulatory molecules and functional pathways that allow us to predict breast cancer behavior in the clinic and provide new targets for breast cancer treatment. This review describes the landscape of different molecular markers with particular spotlight on vitamin D signaling pathway and apoptotic specific protein of p53 (ASPP) family members in breast cancer.