• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2023

Purpose: Developmental disabilities (DDs) are a global childhood problem whose prevalence is rising, with a disproportionate impact on individuals in low-and middle-income countries. However, data on the prevalence of DDs in the Arab world are limited. This review highlights what is currently known about the prevalence and risk factors of DDs in preschool children in the Arab world. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched for publications on DDs among preschool children in the Arab world. Only 14 studies were identified in the literature, from 12 Arab countries. Results: The overall estimated prevalence of DDs among preschool children in the Arab world is 27.5%. An analysis of risk factors for DDs showed that child-related, maternal, and family-related factors account for a significant cumulative risk of developing DDs in preschool children. Maternal factors, such as antenatal and perinatal complications, were the most common risk factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of DDs among preschoolers is significantly high in the Arab world, which emphasizes the importance of the early detection and diagnosis of DD, as well as its associated risk factors.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.36-49
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the work postures and upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders(CTDs) in female medical insurance bill reviewers(n=448). This study included diagnosis for CTDs, anthropometry and job analysis (workstations and posture). The characteristics of subject were 33.6 years of average age and 8.7 years of average work duration. The results were as fallows. Ergonomic conditions of workstation were unsuitable compared with anthropometry result. The height of work surface(79.5 cm) and chair(43.0 cm)were high. work space was small, and legs space under the table was limited. Work postures were awkward compared with recommended neutral postures. Neck flexion($21.0-36.0^{\circ}$), elbow elevation, shoulder abduction ($46.0-47.0^{\circ}$). wrist radial and ulnar deviation, forearm supination and pronation, and wrist repeated motion(12.7-21.5 freq./min) were analyzed as hazardous risk factors by job analysis. The prevalence of CTDs was 32.8 % by medical diagnosis. The prevalence rate of CTDs in hazardous work posture group was significantly greater than safe work posture group both neck-shoulder (relative prevalence = 5.2, p<0.001) and wrist-hand (relative prevalence = 2.5, p<0.05).

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 12세 이하 어린이의 영구치에서 복합레진 수복물의 생존율을 후향적으로 평가하고 치아 및 환자에 관련된 요인에 따른 복합레진 재수복 위험도를 분석하는 데 있다. 2010년 7월부터 2012년 7월까지 우식증에 이환된 제1대구치에 복합레진 수복을 진행한 어린이(6 - 12세) 172명의 전자의무기록 및 방사선 사진을 분석하였다. 치아의 종류, 와동의 형태 등 치아에 관련된 요인과 어린이의 연령, 우식 위험도 등 환자에 관련된 요인에 따른 복합레진 재수복 위험도를 분석하였다. 우식 위험도는 어린이의 만 5세 때 기록을 바탕으로 유구치에 한정한 우식경험유치지수를 산정하여 평가하였다. 354개의 수복물 중 272개의 수복물이 생존하였고, 82개의 수복물이 관찰 기간 내에 재수복되었고 전체 수복물의 5년 누적 생존율은 73.9%로 산출되었다. 재수복 원인의 81.7%는 이차우식이 차지하였다. 어린이의 연령이 높을수록, 우식 저위험군일수록 복합레진의 수복물의 생존율은 높은 경향을 나타냈으나, 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 수복된 치아의 위치 또한 복합레진의 생존율에 유의한 영향을 주지 않았다. 수복된 와동의 종류는 생존율에 유의한 영향을 주는 요인이었다(p = 0.002).

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2021

2015년 4월 개통한 호남고속철도 근처 노반의 침하 문제가 지속적으로 제기되고 있으며 이에 따라 호남고속철도 인근지역의 지반 안정성 또한 문제가 있을 수 있다. 위험지도를 제작하는데 있어서 지표 및 지표를 결정하는 인자를 선정하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 기존의 위험지표는 관측된 기간 중 가장 마지막 관측날을 기준으로한 최종 변위량으로 산정하는데 침하 원인과 지표의 거동을 분석하기 위해서는 시계열적인 지표변위를 확인해야한다. 또한 광범위한 지역의 경우 직접 수준측량을 실시하기에 경제적으로 비효율적이므로 SAR 영상을 이용해 지표변위를 관측하고자 하였다. 본 논문에서는 PS-InSAR기법을 이용해 시계열 지표변위를 관측하였으며 위험지표를 결정하기 위한 인자로 최종지표변위량, 누적지표변위량, 최소변위량과 최대변위량의 차를 이용해 각 인자로 위험도를 등급화하여 비교하였다. 그 결과 최종변위량의 위험도 등급과 각 인자 간 위험도 등급이 상이하였으며 위험지표를 결정하는데 있어 다양한 관점의 인자를 추가하는 것을 제안하였다. 이는 지반침하의 원인을 찾고 해결방안을 모색하는데 있어 중요한 연구가 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2013

Since the obstacles and mines are of the risk factors for operating ships and submarines, the active sonar system is inevitably used to avoid the hazards in ocean environment. In this paper, modeling and simulation algorithm is used for active sonar systemto quantify the measure of mission achievability, which is known as Measure of Effectiveness(MOE), specifically for detection in this study. MOE for detection is directly formulated as a Cumulative Detection Probability(CDP) calculated from Probability of Detection(PD) in range and azimuth. The detection probability is calculated from Transmission Loss(TL) and the sonar parameters such asDirectivity Index (DI) calculated from the shape of transmitted and received array, steered beam patterns, and Reverberation Level (RL). The developed code is applied to demonstrating its applicability.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.207-220
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• 2010

The 'chain reaction' effect of the interaction between wind pressure and windborne debris is likely to be a major cause of damage to residential buildings during severe wind events. The current paper (Part II) concerns the quantification of such pressure-debris interaction in an advanced vulnerability model that integrates the debris risk model developed in Part I and a component-based wind-pressure damage model. This vulnerability model may be applied to predict the cumulative wind damage during the passage of particular hurricanes, to estimate annual hurricane losses, or to conduct system reliability analysis for residential developments, with the effect of windborne debris fully considered.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.290-295
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• 2018

Background: There is little information on the dose-response relationship between exposure to occupational carcinogenic agents and mesothelioma. This study aimed to investigate this association as well as the existence of agents other than asbestos that might cause mesothelioma. Methods: The Swedish component of the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) study consists of 6.78 million individuals with detailed information on occupation. Mesothelioma diagnoses recorded in 1961-2009 were identified through linkage to the Swedish Cancer Registry. We determined cumulative exposure, time of first exposure, and maximum exposure intensity by linking data on occupation to the Swedish NOCCA job-exposure matrix, which includes 29 carcinogenic agents and corresponding exposure for 283 occupations. To assess the risk of mesothelioma, we used conditional logistic regression models to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: 2,757 mesothelioma cases were identified in males, including 1,416 who were exposed to asbestos. Univariate analyses showed not only a significant excess risk for maximum exposure intensity, with a hazard ratio of 4.81 at exposure levels 1.25-2.0 fb/ml but also a clear dose-response effect for cumulative exposure with a 30-, 40-, and 50-year latency time. No convincing excess risk was revealed for any of the other carcinogenic agents included in the Swedish NOCCA job-exposure matrix. Conclusion: When considering asbestos exposure, past exposure, even for short periods, might be enough to cause mesothelioma of the pleura later in life.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.223-235
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• 2022

PURPOSE. To compare the clinical outcomes of two types of implant restoration for posterior edentulous area, 3-unit bridge supported by 2 implants and 3 implant-supported splinted crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The data included 127 implant-supported fixed restorations in 85 patients: 37 restorations of 3-unit bridge supported by 2 implants (2-IB), 37 restorations of 3 implant-supported splinted crowns (3-IC), and 53 single restorations (S) as controls. Peri-implantitis and mechanical complications that occurred for 14 years were analyzed by multivariable Cox regression model. Kaplan-Meier curves and the multivariable Cox regression model were used to analyze the success and survival of implants. RESULTS. Peri-implantitis occurred in 28.4% of 2-IB group, 37.8% of 3-IC group, and 28.3% of S control group with no significant difference. According to the implant position, middle implants (P2) of the 3-IC group had the highest risk of peri-implantitis. The 3-IC group showed a lower mechanical complication rate (7.2%) than the 2-IB (16.2%) and S control group (20.8%). The cumulative success rate was 52.8% in S (control) group, 62.2% in 2-IB group, and 60.4% in 3-IC group. The cumulative survival rate was 98.1% in S (control) group, 98.6% in 2-IB group, and 95.5% in 3-IC group. There was no significant difference in the success and survival rate according to the restoration type. CONCLUSION. The restoration type was not associated with the success and survival of implants. The risk of mechanical complications was reduced in 3 implant-supported splinted crowns. However, the middle implants of the 3 implant-supported splinted crowns had a higher risk of peri-implantitis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2022

Objectives: We aimed to estimate the space-time distribution of the risk of suicide mortality in Iran from 2006 to 2016. Methods: In this repeated cross-sectional study, the age-standardized risk of suicide mortality from 2006 to 2016 was determined. To estimate the cumulative and temporal risk, the Besag, York, and Mollié and Bernardinelli models were used. Results: The relative risk of suicide mortality was greater than 1 in 43.0% of Iran's provinces (posterior probability >0.8; range, 0.46 to 3.93). The spatio-temporal model indicated a high risk of suicide in 36.7% of Iran's provinces. In addition, significant upward temporal trends in suicide risk were observed in the provinces of Tehran, Fars, Kermanshah, and Gilan. A significantly decreasing pattern of risk was observed for men (β, -0.013; 95% credible interval [CrI], -0.010 to -0.007), and a stable pattern of risk was observed for women (β, -0.001; 95% CrI, -0.010 to 0.007). A decreasing pattern of suicide risk was observed for those aged 15-29 years (β, -0.006; 95% CrI, -0.010 to -0.0001) and 30-49 years (β, -0.001; 95% CrI, -0.018 to -0.002). The risk was stable for those aged >50 years. Conclusions: The highest risk of suicide mortality was observed in Iran's northwestern provinces and among Kurdish women. Although a low risk of suicide mortality was observed in the provinces of Tehran, Fars, and Gilan, the risk in these provinces is increasing rapidly compared to other regions.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.529-538
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• 2018

결핵은 높은 이환과 사망을 일으키는 질병으로 현대의학의 발달에 따라 발생률과 사망률은 감소하고 있다. 그러나 한국은 아직까지 OECD 국가 중 결핵 발생률과 사망률이 가장 높다. 이에 따라 한국은 결핵의 예방 및 통제를 위해 여러 정책 사업을 실시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 공공민간협력(public-private mix) 결핵관리사업이 치료결과에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 결핵환자의 치료 성공에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하고자 한다. 질병관리본부에서 관리하는 결핵환자 신고 자료를 이용하여 2012-2015년 전국 결핵 신환자 코호트 약 13만명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 누적 발생 함수(cumulative incidence function)를 이용하여 요인별로 누적 치료 성공률을 비교하였으며. 주 관심사건(치료성공) 및 경쟁사건(사망)을 고려한 두 가지 경쟁위험모형(cause-specific Cox's proportional hazards model and subdistribution hazard model)을 사용하여 분석 결과를 비교하였다.