• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.707-714
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• 2004

How to improve the cell culture method on scaffolds is important in the tissue engineering fileld. In this study, we optimized seeding and culture methods to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) on biodegradable polymer scaffold. The primary culture of VSMCs obtained from canine external jugular vein was accomplished by applying the explant-derived method. The primary cultured VSMCs were seeded into scaffolds and then cultured by using various different methods; static or dynamic seeding, static or dynamic culture. The difference in proliferative response of VSMCs was analyzed with an alamar blue assay. Cell-polymer construct was examined by histochemical method and scanning electron microscopy. Mesh type scaffold ($10 \times 10 \times0.4 mm$) was made of polyglycolic acid (PGA) suture thread. The PGA mesh type scaffold was 45% in porosity, and 0.03 g in weight. The primary cultured VSMCs were confirmed with immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal anti-$\alpha$-smooth muscle actin. The density and distribution of proliferated VSMCs within the scaffold and cellular adherence on the surface of the scaffold showed better results in the static seeding condition than in the dynamic condition. Under the same condition of seeding method as the static condition, the dynamic culture condition showed enhanced proliferation rates of the VSMCs when compared to the static culture condition. In conclusion, to improve the VSMCs proliferation in vitro, static seeding is better than the dynamic condition. In the culture condition, however, culture under the dynamic status is better than the static condition. This was a pilot study to manufacture artificial vascular vessel by tissue engineering.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.63-77
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to describe the effects of perception of organizational culture type and job satisfaction on university hospital nurses' innovation behavior. A survey was conducted with 418 respondents working in a university hospital in Cheonan City. Organizational culture types (developmental, group, rational, hierarchical), job satisfaction and individual characteristics were surveyed. The relationships between each variable and the innovation behavior were analyzed by univariate analysis and the independent effects of these variables were examined with multiple regression. The mean score of general employees innovation behavior was 3.33 (p=.58) and that of managers was 3.53(p=.64). For general employees, there were statistically significant differences in innovation behavior according to education level. For managers, there were statistically significant differences in innovation behavior for education level, marital status and duration of work. On multiple regression analysis, the factors affecting innovation behavior of general employees were developmental culture( =.297, ${\beta}$ p<.01), group culture (${\beta}$=.184, p<.01) and job satisfaction(${\beta}$=.148, p<.05). And the factors affecting innovation behavior of managers were developmental culture(${\beta}$=.181, p<.01), rational culture(${\beta}$=.171, p<.01) and group culture(${\beta}$=.408, p<.01), In conclusion, the results of this study show that organizational culture and job satisfaction influence hospital nurses'innovation behavior.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

The adventitious root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is regarded as an efficient alternative to cell culture or hairy root culture for biomass production due to its fast growth and stable metabolite production. To determine optimal culture conditions for the bioreactor culture of ginseng roots, experiments have been conducted on physical and chemical factors such as bioreactor type, dissolved oxygen, gas supply, aeration, medium type, macro- and micro-elements, medium supplement during culture period, sucrose concentration, osmotic agents, medium pH and light. Elicitation is a key step to increase ginsenoside accumulation in the adventitious roots but biomass growth is severely inhibited by elicitor treatment. To obtain high ginsenoside content with avoiding biomass decrease, we applied two-stage bioreactor culture system. Ginseng adventitious roots were cultured for 40 days to maximize biomass increase followed by elicitation for 7 days to enhance ginsenoside accumulation. We also experimented on types and concentrations of jasmonate to determine optimal elicitation methods. In this paper, we discussed several factors affecting the root propagation and ginsenoside accumulation. Based on the results obtained from previous experiments we have established large-scale bioreactor system (1 ton-10 ton) for the efficient production of ginseng adventitious roots and bioactive compounds including ginsenoside. Still, experiments are on going in our laboratory to determine other bioactive compounds having effects on diet, high blood pressure, DPPH elimination and increasing memories.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 1999

Proteolytic bacteria isolated from fermented anchovy jeotkal were immobilized in capsule type with $0.8\%$ sodium alginate and $CaCl_2/carboxymethyl$ cellulose (CMC). For making the immobilized capsule, the optimal concentration of both $CaCl_2$ and CMC, with respect to the membrane hardness and the growth of proteolytic bacteria in capsule, were $2.0\%$ at following conditions: flow rate of $CaCl_2/CMC$ solution and cell suspension were respectively 3.54 ml/min and 0.15 ml/min when inside diameter of inner and outer capillary tube in immobilizing apparatus were 0.32mm, 0.74mm, respectively. The density of proteolytic bacteria in capsule reached maximum, i.e. $10^8-10^9cells$/capsule during culture under optimal conditions in TPY broth, and these were $10^2-10^4$ times higher than these of before culture. During culture of proteolytic bacteria immobilized in capsule type (PBImC) for 72hrs, few growing cells were lost in the outer medium.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.539-544
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• 2008

A mutant of Arthrospira platensis PCC 9108, strain M9108, obtained by mutagenesis with UV treatment, was able to mixotrophically grow in an SOT medium containing 40 g of glucose/l. The biomass and specific growth rate of strain M9108 (4.10 g/l and 0.70/d) were 1.9-fold and 1.4-fold higher, respectively, than those of the wild type (2.21 g/l and 0.58/d) under mixotrophic culture condition. In addition, when compared with the wild type, the content of ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid (GLA) in the mutant was increased when glucose concentration was increased. Compared with the wild type, the GLA content of the mutant was 2-fold higher in autotrophic culture and about 3-fold higher in mixotrophic culture. Thus, the mutant appears to possess more efficient facility to assimilate and metabolize glucose and to produce more GLA than its wild-type strain.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.54-69
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• 1996

The purpose of this vitro study was to evaluate attachment and proliferation of human pulpal cells to the attachment glycoprotein-coated and non-coated culture dishes. Well known adhesive glycoproteins were used, such as type I collagen, type IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronection. Each adhesive glycoproteins applied onto the culture dishes. In this study, the protein coated and non-coated dishes were classified as each groups. Human pulpal cells onto each culture dishes. After 90 minute, 4 hour and 24 hour incubation attached cells in each group were counted with hematocytometer for evaluation of the attachemnt of human pulpal cells. The configurations of attached human pulpal cells were done by SEM observation. The results as follows : 1. After 90 minute incubation the score of attachment of human pulpal cells was best in laminin-coated group among groups. Then fibronectin, type IV collagen group were better, and all proteins were higher than control. 2. After 4 hour incubation the numbers of attachment of human pulpal cells were most in fibronectin coated group. 3. After 24 hour incubation all of adhesive glycoproteins showed high and similar attachemtn effect to human pulpal cells. 4. In SEM observation, fibronectin and type IV collagen groups showed well spreaded human pulpal cells, then laminin group was moderately spreaded, and vitronectin group was mildly spreaded as well as control group.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.333-340
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• 2007

Gene encoding cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase), from thermotolerant Paenibacillus sp. T16 isolated from hot spring area in northern Thailand, was cloned and expressed in E. coli (JM109). The nucleotide sequences of both wild type and transformed CGTases consisted of 2139 bp open reading frame, 713 deduced amino acids residues with difference of 4 amino acid residues. The recombinant cells required 24 h culture time and a neutral pH for culture medium to produce compatible amount of CGTase compared to 72 h culture time and pH 10 for wild type. The recombinant and wild-type CGTases were purified by starch adsorption and phenyl sepharose column chromatography and characterized in parallel. Both enzymes showed molecular weight of 77 kDa and similar optimum pHs and temperatures with recombinant enzyme showing broader range. There were some significant difference in pH, temperature stability and kinetic parameters. The presence of high starch concentration resulted in higher thermostability in recombinant enzyme than the wild type. The recombinant enzyme was more stable at higher temperature and lower pH, with lower $K_m$ for coupling reaction using cellobiose and cyclodextrins as substrates.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.26-36
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• 1998

Taking in a broad sense, the Big Yopae has two kinds of big oval type and chained small squares or big oval type and chained small oval one. These are named as I type and II type. Again, it is divided into of plain oval and of dented one. means that the big and small oval is dented. This study surveyed the Big Yopae according to each ages. They seemed to be created similar times and it is hard to distinguish I-A from II-A type. After that, the big oval varied as dented one and the small oval as well accordingly. Generally, the Big Yopae have rectangle decoration and this showed that the top decoration was influenced by northern culture. It is designated as bird feather style top decoration in this study. The bird feather inserting decoration, which was come from the northern nomadic tribes culture, was started as shamanism to bird and developed into 'Scythe-shaped' tail mode. 'Scythe-shaped' tail mode is considered to have same type with making an application to the bird feather type top decoration.