• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2004

Effect of growth and survival rate on different densities in the cage culture of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) were determined in Myoduri Yeosu, Jeollanamdo from April 2000 to April 2001. The shell length growth was conducted using $32.35{\pm}1.35$ mm abalone juveniles for 374 days at densities $15{\%}\;(230\;indv./m^{2}),\;30{\%}\;(460\;indv./m^{2}),\;45{\%}\;(690 \;indv./m^{2}),\;60{\%}\;(920\;indv./m^{2})$. The result showed that the hightest growth rate was observed in lowest $(15{\%})$ density experimental group. Survival rate of Juvenile abalone was the highest in $15{\%}$\; density group and lowest in $45{\%}$ density group and distribution rate of shell length showed the highest as $30{\%}\;in\;230\;indv./m^{2}\;(15{\%})$ group.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.759-769
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• 2001

The principal purpose of this study is focused on the fabrics used in Kaya period by investigating the imprinted fabrics on the remains of the old tomb of Dohang-ri and Jeesan-dong which were built around the late 4th century to the late 6th century. Most of the remains are plain weaved, however there is one remain that 4-end complex gauze with patterned, and the other is weaved with geometrical pattern which were plain weave with 2 · 1 twill and 3 · 1 twill. The imprinted fabrics that had twists had S twists only. Of all the fabrics that were examined, the most loose one had the density of 8 × 6/cm, the most fine fabric had the weft density of 91.8 strands/cm and the warp density cannot be counted. It is No. 416 of Doharg-ri tomb that has the highest ratio of density as 3.15. All the fabrics observed by SEM and Polarizing Microscope are hemp.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the optimum density for the intensive mass production of cyclopoid copepod, Paracyclopina nana in terms of nauplii and adults production. Effect of three development stages on the fecundity of adult female for nauplii production, survival rate of P. nana nauplii with different initial nauplii culture densities for adults production and cannibalistic feeding behavior of P. nana was examined, respectively. The fecundity of adult female by different female, copepodite ana nauplii density in 2 ml water volume decreased with the density of adult female, but was not affected by the density of either copepodite or nauplii. The average daily nauplii production for a adult female in 8 L water volume was $2.3{\times}10^5$ individuals with the incubation density of 7 adult females/ml, and this average value was significantly higher than those values of 0.6 to $1.7\times10^5$ individuals with the incubation density of 1,3,5, 10 adult females/ml (P<0.05). Survival rate of P. nana nauplil with different initial nauplii culture densities in 5 L vessels for 15 days were 32.7, 30.7, 28.9 and $23.0\%$ with the culture density of 50, 100, 150 and 200 inds./ml, respectively, but these were significantly higher than those of values 19.7 and $18.4\%$ with the culture density of 250 and 300 inds./ml (P<0.05). Cannibalistic behavior of P. nana adults on their offspring was observed, but the behavior decreased when phytoplankton was supplemented though there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). These results may indicate that P. nana is adaptable to the hatchery conditions and this species is cultured at the high densities. Optimum culture density for nauplii and adults production of P. nana were 7 adult females/ml and 200 nauplii/ml, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2009

This study was conducted to establish the optimal suspension culture system for both the propagation of embryogenic cells (ECs) and the induction of somatic embryos (SEs) of Kalopanax septemlobus. The proliferation rate of ECs was reduced as the inoculum density was increased; the highest rate was obtained when 0.1 g/100 ml of cells was initially inoculated. According to the analysis of cell growth pattern and cell growth cycle (G1, Sand G2/M), the cell growth started in 5 days culture initiation, grew rapidly until 15 days and then decreased gradually. Distinctive changes of the cell growth cycle by the culture periods was also observed; the growth cycle was doubled from initial 5.6% to 11.7% of S stage in 5 days culture and then reached in stable stages again. Therefore, the results indicated that a 15-day-cycle was the optimal culture period for the propagation of the ECs through the suspension culture. Furthermore, the cell inoculum density was also important for the induction of SE; more than 65% of SEs at the torpedo stage was induced by using the low level of cell inoculum (0.5 g/L), while the higher inoculum densities were rapidly reduced the proportion of SEs at that stage. Although the higher inoculum density delayed the development of SE, it did not affect the proportion of SEs at the globular and heart stage. In conclusion, this study showed that the suspension culture of the Kalopanax septemlobus ECs through the control of inoculum density was an efficient way for both the propagation of ECs and the induction of SEs, suggesting that the development of this system might help to reduce the culture period for the somatic embryo production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1996

This study was conducted to standardize the cooking methods of Omija-Pyuns and to investigate the effect of different starch densities (6% 7%, 8%, 9%) on the texture and taste of Omija-Pyuns. The results of these studies were as follows: 1) It was better for Omija to soak for 18 hours. The most favorite Mungbean starch density of 7% of Omija-Pyuns has the degree of lightness of 18.90, the degree of redness of 19.18, and the degree of yellowness of 3.98. 2) The Brix of syrup used for Omija-Pyuns was 49.4%. 3) As a result of the measurement of texture through Instron, if Mungbean starch density is increased, its hardness also increase. Each of the Omija-Pyuns (6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, in density) has showed its effection (p<0.05). 4) The result of the sensory evaluation showed that the Omija-Pyuns produced with Mungbean starch density of 7% was most preferred in appearance and overall taste, but it did not show the statistical effection (p<0.05) from the Omija-Pyuns produced with Mungbean starch density of 8%. The flavour was highest in Omija-Pyuns of 6%, and as the density was increased, the flavour decreased.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 1999

High cell density cultivation of microalga Dunaliella bardawil using nitrogen fed-batch cultures was studied in batch flask. Optimum environmental conditions include concentrated nutrients except NaCl and carbon sources, carbon sources, pH, light, agitation, nitrate and phosphate ions. Cell growth, consumption rates of nitrate and phosphate ions were monitored. Optimal conditions for higher cell density were found to be(in the range tested): 5 times concentrated media(1 times-10 times concentrated media) pH 8.0 (7.0-9.0) white light(blue and red light) 15mM of nitrate (0.94-15mM) 250mM $NaHCO_3$ and $CO_2$ gas. However, the addition of phosphate ions did not enhance the algal maximum cell density and specific growth rate. Nitrate was found to be effective for the cell growth. The maximum cell density of fed-batch culture using nitrate ions in $8.955{\times}106$cells/ml after 189hr incubation.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.106-109
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• 2000

Vascular endothelial cells (EGs) are usually difficult to culture to culture in a large scale because of their complicated requirements for cell growth. As the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key growth factor in the EC culture, we transfected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using a plasmid containing VEGF gene and let them grow in a culture medium eliminated an important supplement, endothelail cell growth supplement(ECGS). The expression of VEGF by HUVEC tansfected with Vegf GENE was not enough to stimulate the growth of HUVEC, only 40% of maximum cell density obtainable in the presence of ECGS. However, when the culture medium was supplied with 2.5 ng/ml of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a synergistic effect effect of VEGE and bFGF was observed. In this case, the final cell density was recovered was recovered up to about 78% of maxium value.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.771-777
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• 2008

Chungpaesagan-tang which is used for treating patients of brain in cerebrovascular disease frequently from clinical doctor has not reported about the effect of neuronal aptosis caused of brain ischemia. The aim of this study is to investigate effect of Chungpaesagan-tang protecting neuronal cells from being damaged by brain ischemia through using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. We caused ischemic damage to organotypic hippocampal slice cultures by oxygen and glucose deprivation. And added Chungpaesagan-tang extract to cultures. thereafter we measured area percentage of propidium iodide (PI)-stained neuronal cell, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in culture media and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Area percentage of PI-stained neuronal cells and count of TUNEL-positive cells in CA1 and DG area of organotypic hippocampal slice culture were significantly decreased in pertinent density level of Chungpaesagan-tang extract. LDH levels in culture media of organotypic hippocampal slice culture were significantly decreased in pertinent density level of Chungpaesagan-tang extract. Within pertinent density level, Chungpaesagan-tang has cell protection effect that prevents brain ischemia damaging neuronal cells and apoptosis increasing.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.231-242
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• 2008

Objectives : We can find out the experimental reports of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang, which has the function of regulating blood pressure related with cerebral disease, and increasing local cerebral blood stream volume, also has the recoveries for the damage of vessel endothelium, and endothelium hypertrophy caused by angiospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and reduces the contraction of smooth muscle, so simultaneously improves necrosis. The aim of this study is to investigate effect of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang protecting neuronal cells from being damaged by brain ischemia through using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Methods : We caused ischemic damage to organotypic hippocampal slice cultures by oxygen and glucose deprivation, and Yanggyuksanhwa-tang extract was added to cultures. Thereafter we measured area percentage of propidium iodide (PI)-stained neuronal cell, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in culture media and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Results : Area percentage of PI-stained neuronal cells and count of TUNEL-positive cells in CA1 and DG area of organotypic hippocampal slice culture were significantly decreased in pertinent density level of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang extract. LDH levels in culture media of organotypic hippocampal slice culture were significantly decreased in pertinent density level of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang extract. Conclusions : Within pertinent density level, Yanggyuksanhwa-tang has cell protection effect that prevents brain ischemia damaging neuronal cells and apoptosis increasing.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.338-341
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• 2000

An internal membrane bioreactor system was employed for continuous succinic ac id production from glucose in order to prove its performance and practicality. Succinic acid-producing Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens required more $CO_2$ for the proper growth and succinic acid production in cell recycled continuous culture than in batch culture. The maximum productivity obtained in cell recycled continuous culture was about 3.3 g/L-h which was ca. 3.3 times higher than that obtained in batch culture.