• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.115-129
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the physical-related stress on the appearance management behavior of middle-aged women. The questionnaires were administered to 414 middle-aged women living in Gwang-ju city, Korea. For analysis of data, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan-test were applied. The result was as follows. First, the middle-aged women's physical-related stress was classified as follows: 1) body-related stress, 2) face-related stress, 3) hair-related stress. The middle-aged women were under a lot of pressures from hair. Second, usually, between the group of physical-related much stress and a little stress. There was not significant difference in appearance management behavior: existence in a purchasing experience. But there were significant differences in it: intention of purchasing. Third, among demographic factors(age, educated level, job, income, and existence or nonexistence menstruation), there were significant differences on a physical-related stress. Finally, among demographic factors(age, educated level, job, income, existence or nonexistence her husband, and existence or nonexistence menstruation), there were significant differences in appearance management behavior.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.917-928
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to investigate the hairdo attitude and hairdo involvement importances and differences depending on age. For the experimental work, questionnaires for research are prepared and asked to people who are women living in Seoul and Kyoung-Ki Do. They are collected from September to October 2006. 406 questionnaires are used in the analysis. The collected data were 'analyzed by using SPSS 12.0 software with factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, paired T-test, and T-test. The results of this study were as follows; To analyze differences in the hairdo attitude and the hair involvement depending on different age groups, two groups were identified: one group of women aged $20{\sim}35$, and the other group of those aged $45{\sim}60$. 1. When the hairdo attitude factors were prioritized, orientations toward 'constancy' and 'consciousness of others' were found to be most critical, followed by those toward 'leader's fashion conformity' and 'distinct individuality'. When the hairdo involvement factors were prioritized, 'interests and pleasure in hairdo' were found to be most important, followed by 'symbolic representation', 'risk awareness', 'coordination of hairdo', and 'fashionableness'. 2. When difference in the hairdo attitude was analyzed, a significant difference was shown in orientations toward 'leader's fashion conformity' and 'consciousness of others'. 3. As for the hairdo involvement of the groups, a significant difference was found only in 'coordination of hairdo', signalling that the younger women put more focus on the coordination.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.546-561
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• 2013

This study investigated how consumers perceive brand image, the consistency between the images of parent brands and extended brands, the consistency of their advertising images, the differences between brand image and advertising image, and how consumers' brand attitudes change based on those differences. An online survey was administered to women in their 20s and 30s who often use cosmetics and are interested in brands. The brands considered in this research were Chanel, Dior, Armani, and Anna Sui, which have extended brands in the clothing and cosmetics areas. In terms of consumers' perception of brand image, it was found that clothing and cosmetic brands were perceived similarly. In addition, significant differences were found in consumers' preferences and purchase intentions of clothing and cosmetic brands, and those whose perceptions of brand image did not change or increased after looking at advertising images had more positive brand attitudes than the group of people who had higher perception of brand image before looking at advertising images. Therefore, in terms of brand extension, it was revealed that the image of a parent brand affected an extended brand, and that the higher was consumers' recognition of brand image through advertising, the more positive was their attitude toward the brand.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.62-76
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• 1999

The objectives of this study are to investigate consumer experiences with premiums, consumer preferences in premiums offered for clothing and the effect of premiums on clothing purchasing behaviors. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to 610 men and women from ages 15 to 59 living in the Seoul metropolitan area from February 25 to March 9, 1999 ; 548 were used for the data analysis. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, chi-square analysis and Duncan's multiple range tests. Significant differences were found among selected demographic groups in information sources used for premium offers, experiences of receiving premiums, purchasing experiences due to premium offers, preferences between discount and premiums, additional purchase intentions because of premiums, and the premiums'influences. The groups with purchase experiences or brand and stores selecting experiences due to premium, showed significant differences in premiums'influences and the satisfaction levels with premiums. Regarding preferences between discount and premiums, significant differences were found in and the satisfaction levels with premiums.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.364-376
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• 2002

The Main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between shopping orientations and Knit wear Buying Behavior of college female students. A questionnaire was developed to measure knit wear purchasing motives, fashion information sources of knit wear, evaluation criteria of knit wear product, and general clothing buying behavior. The questionnaire was administered to 505 college female students in Chonbuk and Chonnam. The data was analyzed using percentage, frequency, mean, factor analysis, Cluster Analysis and ANOVA, Duncan Multiple Range test. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The college female students were classified into fifth subdivisions by the cluster analysis; convenient shopping group, recreational shopping group, self-confident shopping group, those of Fashion-pursuit group, economic shopping group. 2. The knit wear purchasing motives of consumers were significantly different according to shopping orientation subdivision in social, personal, rational. 3. In the case of fashion information sources of knit wear, significant differences were found according to shopping orientation subdivision in mass media information, information by marketer, mail order advertisements, information by consumer. 4. The evaluation criteria of knit wear product of consumers were significantly different depending on shopping orientation subdivision in esthetic, practicality, individual expression, external criterion. 5. In the case of dissatisfactory factors for wearing knit wear product, significant differences were found according to shopping orientation subdivision. 6. In the case of asking factors to the manufactures of knit wear product, significant differences were found according to shopping orientation subdivision.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2009

For fit satisfaction evaluation, the subjects were asked to put on the jackets from the seven manufacturers in random order, view how the jackets fit in a full-body mirror and answer questions regarding fitting in 22 specific areas, including the neck, shoulders, waist, hips and arms, as well as eight questions related to maneuverability. The surveys and evaluations were conducted between October 2007 and November 2008, and the compiled data were analyzed using the SPSS 14.0 statistics program. The One-way analysis of variance was performed to comparatively analyze the differences among the products from the seven manufacturers. Post-hoc tests were performed based on Duncan's test for the criteria that displayed significant differences. The results were summarized as follows. Fit evaluations were performed for the size 88 formal jackets from the seven manufacturers. All items, except the center front line, displayed significant differences at p<0.05 or higher among the manufacturers. The age group 20-39 felt that the main problems were in the shoulder, armscye, upper arm, waist, abdomen and hip areas. Modifying the shoulder area, armscye depth and hip areas severely compromises the jacket's balance, and attention to these areas must be given developed pattern design.

• The Korean Fashion and Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 1999

Korean and Japanese, both people have a lot of similarity and complexity in terms of physical constitution and culture. This study might be the first implementation that tries to figure out constitutional differences of both people in scientific way. In this study, subjects were from each country, had been exposed $5^{\circ}C$ environment wearing each country's traditional costume- so called Hanbok and Kimono- and all through this experiment we'd compared physiological responses and analyzed differences of cold response go with their own clothing culture. We've obtained following results: Korean had kept maintaining low mean skin temperature basically in cold circumstance, compared with Japanese, have stronger cold tolerance. However, there's no significant difference between Korean and Japanese. Owing to huge influence of wearing other country's traditional costume itself even makes differences of rectal temperature in a cold environment. In addition, in a period of time that wearing other country's traditional costume, thermal sensation would be different according to exposed surrounding temperature.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.614-627
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships between self-concept and cosmetic benefits sought, to disclose the differences in the benefits according to demographic variables and cosmetic purchase behavior, and to examine how cosmetic benefits were influenced by self-concept and demographic variables of women. Subjects were 453 women in age from 18 to 55 years in Seoul. Four dimensions of cosmetic benefits of women were derived by factor analysis :＇brand orientation＇, ＇fashion＇, ＇economies＇, and ＇functional efficiency＇, Cosmetic benefit was influenced most by family self-concept, and self-concept was influenced most by benefit of economics, next by functional efficiency, and fashion. Brand orientation, fashion, and economics showed significant differences according to marital status. The higher the income, the higher the score on brand orientation, fashion, and functional efficiency. There were significant differences in brand orientation, fashion, and economics according to cosmetic purchase expense, the number of purchase times, and stores, while functional efficiency showed no significant difference depending upon the number of cosmetic purchase times. Brand orientation was influenced by marital status, income, and physical self, fashion influenced by age(-), physical self, income, and family self(-). Economics was influenced by family self(-) and marital status(-). The present findings provided that self-concept such as physical self and family self is significant variables to understand the cosmetic benefits sought.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1027-1041
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences of internet shopping attitude, shopping behavior, and shopping satisfaction according to purchasing frequency of internet shoppers for children's clothing. Data were collected from 170 female internet users who had purchasing experiences of children's clothing. For data analysis, factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, cross tabulation, regression analysis, t-test, frequency and multi- response analysis were conducted. The results are as follows: The internet shoppers for children's clothing were classified by purchasing frequency. Factors of internet shopping attitude were convenience, reliability, and safety. Significant differences were found on internet usages, internet attitudes, and shopping behaviors between two groups. Heavy purchasers used internet longer, had more positive attitude toward convenience and safety, and paid more money than light purchasers. Significant differences were found on internet attitudes according to age and internet usage. Convenience and safety factors had impact on internet shopping satisfaction.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.900-916
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to define housewife's risk perception and risk reduction behavior when purchasing children's wear, and to identify the differences according to the clothing buying behavior and demographic characteristics. Data were gathered through survey with 429 housewives in Seoul and metropolitan area, and then statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Duncan's test, and Pearson's correlation analysis. The results showed partially significant differences in risk perception, especially economic risk and social psychological risks, among housewife consumer groups according to the clothing buying behavior and the demographic characteristics. There were significant differences in risk reduction behaviors among the groups, especially brand preference/industry information, observation/experience, and media information. Also, correlations between risk perception and risk reduction behaviors were found. The social psychological risk perception was highly correlated to the risk reduction behaviors, while the time/convenience loss risk was not correlated to any risk reduction behavior. The results of this study provide insight into children's wear business through suggesting marketing implication.