• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1312-1322
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• 2006

A recent accelerated globalization has changed every aspect of consumers' life on the globe, thus understanding the similarity and the difference among people in the world became the crucial element of business for many global companies. As one of the most globalized industries in Korea, fashion businesses also require urgent assistance of academics in understanding global consumers. This study aimed to analyze cross-cultural fashion marketing studies published in two respectful journals in fashion studies: Journal of Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles and Journal of the Korean Society of Costume. Four researchers independently searched the target journals to locate studies using cross-cultural approaches. A total of 45 cross-cultural studies published in two journals between 1977 and 2005 were found and analyzed. The major findings could be summarized as followed. First, the US was the most frequently studied country followed by China, Japan, Hong Kong and others. Second, popular subjects of cross cultural studies in fashion marketing were fashion marketing environment and management rather than consumer psychology. Third, about 78% of the sampled studies were using quantitative approach, and statistical methods such as factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and $X^2$ analysis were commonly used. Finally, problems in sampling methods, translation of scales, and equivalence of concept, measure and sample were analyzed. Suggestions for future cross-cultural studies were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.71-90
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate on characteristics of sociological and demographic population, marital conflicts and expectations to family counselors' cultural competence surrounding factors of cultural adaptation among immigrated women. This study conducted a survey of 236 immigrated women in Kyonggi province, Seoul metropolitan cities, Cholla and Chunchung provinces and Incheon. The results of this study are as follows: First, a relatively few marital conflicts were found, as a whole, while they had the high levels of expectation to family counselors' cultural competence. Second, immigrated women can be clustered as three different types: 'multiplicity type', 'undifferentiated type' and 'adaptation type'. Third, sociological and demographic population characteristics which were subdivided and clustered according to cultural adaptation made the significant difference between each population. Population with multiplicity type out of the above-stated three types accounted for the highest conflict rates, while population with 'adaptation' type accounted for the lowest conflict rates. Lastly, expectations to family counselors' cultural competence made the significant difference among each population. Population with multiplicity type showed the highest expectation levels on expectations to family counselors' cultural competence, while population with undifferentiated type showed the lowest levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.7
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• pp.17-33
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to get some pieces of prior information to eventually develop high value-added fashion cultural products design using local cultural resources, to promote the cultural tourism festival. For this purpose, this study is carried out the investigation of cultural product stores and visitors' questionnaire survey. The subjects of this study were festivals which were selected as cultural tourism festival by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism from 2000 to 2008. Of them, six festivals were finally selected but food festival was excluded. The results of this study were as follows; First, the store survey was conduced to analyze the situation of the products of cultural tourism festival. The most frequent product was accessories. And a T-shirt was found to be sold every festival probably because it was the most popular item and basic item which people could buy without burden. While the most diverse kinds of products were found in the Andong, the Jinju and Gangjin were found not to develop various products. In the design motif used for cultural products, most products did not use festival or local image. The highest use of the festival and local image was found in Gangjin and Muju. The Andong and Chungju were found to sell very common products buying anywhere rather than products using local cultural resources or image. In the material of cultural products, most products use metal. And In the price of cultural products, 10,000-30,000 won was found highest. Second, the purchase conditions of cultural tourism festival visitors were examined. The visiting goal and companion of visitors was found to vary with the type of cultural tourism festival. The types of visitors were also found to have an effect on the choice of items in the purchase of cultural products sold in the festival. Only one third of respondents responded buying one and more cultural products. The purchase rate was found high in the festival where cultural product items were various and there were many products symbolizing festival or region. The most purchased item was a mobile phone hanger and the amount of purchasing cultural products was 10,000-30,000 won. The reason not to purchase cultural products was dissatisfaction with utility, originality, possibility of a present, symbolism, and price. The most important attribute in the purchase of cultural products was design, followed by symbolism, price, originality, and innovation. The highly preferred product group included clothing, miscellaneous goods, and accessories. Specifically, T-shirt was found highest. Based on these research results, it was found that the design strategy for the cultural products development should consider both regional and festival images. The items and designs of the cultural products should reflect visitors' characteristics and the price zone should be varied.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.15-33
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• 2000

The purpose of this thesis is to suggest the new ecology fashion through the comprehensive approach to analyze the difference of characteristics between ecology fashion established before the early 1990's and new ecology fashion advented in the late 1990's and create the design inspired by the image of new ecology fashion. As a method of accomplishing this research, the articles and magazines related to the fashion were examained. Also internet was surfied for studying social and cultural background of new ecology and examining the trend of new ecology expressed at design at first. Through examining the fashion mode in the late 1990's related to the trend of new ecology, the characteristics of new ecology fashion have been devided by the fabric, color and detail and drown out three images of new ecology fashion. The cultural background of new ecology is advent of fusion, techno and zen culture in the late 1990's. The characteristics of new ecology fashion are as follows. As regards of the fabrics, It's been used naturalized synthetic fabrics such as lycra and tencel produced by the advanced technology as well as luxurious natural fabrics. As the aspect of colors, on the basis of neutral colors shown to the previous ecology fashion, the wide range of colors including the vivid colors has been presented sophisticatedly. The most evident characteristic of new ecology fashion is the increase of details, along with keeping the minimal style. According to this trend of new ecology fashion, three charicteristic images can be extracted ; the techno ecology, the modern ecology and the romantic ecology. As the megatrend sustained during the late 1990's, the trend of new ecology was the mainstream not only of the fashion but also of the human life style, and has the potential continued in the 2000's.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1105-1127
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• 2022

This study investigated the role of fashion granfluencers as cultural intermediaries in the present digital era. The concept of fashion granfluencer as cultural intermediaries and their fashion style characteristics were defined and examined. The literature on cultural intermediaries, social media, and seniors in the context of fashion was reviewed. Primarily, three characteristics of cultural intermediaries-interactive communication, nonconformist attitude, and aesthetic disposition-were identified and used as analytical variables in this study. Through netnography, 1,452 Instagram posts from the renowned fashion granfluencer Iris Apfel (@iris.apfel) were examined. This study presented Iris as a fashion granfluencer and a senior professional, who uses fashion to express herself and define her identity. As a cultural mediator, she contributes to revitalizing the cultural economy and creating cultural products. Iris Apfel' fashion and style embody her digital persona. Her engagement in fashion activities-producing fashion content or attending fashion events-mediates the relationship between fashion producers and fashion consumers, thereby promoting the aesthetic value of fashion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.70-83
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• 2013

Lately, cities have been trying to build a certain brand by using its identity and culture in public designs. Cities are using its public design to show its cultural identity and to differentiate itself from other cities so it is playing a significant role in establishing a city's overall image. Public uniform is used to reflect the symbolism and identity of the city, an image of the city's culture and is used as a means of communication for specialization. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop public uniform designs to build and strengthen the brand of Gwangju as Asia cultural hub city. Research presents a review of the literature including concept and type of a cultural city, correlativity between public design and urban competitiveness, domestic and foreign culture city branding case: focusing on Gwangju which is a cultural hub city in Asia, and then study sets up the development direction and motifs of uniform designs, and uniforms are designed by making use of the textile with symbols and logos, colors, and architectural motifs of Asian Culture Complex. Development ranges of uniforms were limited to Cultural Tourism Narrators and the Asian Culture Complex Advertisements staff uniforms, within the region of cultural tourism. Textile design, illustration, uniform simulation using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 and Adobe Illustrator CS 3 program is presented.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.30-45
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that transmissions of an intangible cultural heritage in Korea may be cut off because it is separated from human and social environment and protected and managed under the national system. In addition, another purpose is to criticize concept and method dichotomy in the current institution from an ecological perspective and consider the problem that the intangible cultural heritages are transmitted mainly by holders having skills and accomplishments by distinguishing them from others. Furthermore, the last purpose is to suggest a direction of policy emphasizing an importance of establishment of environment which allows nurture, change and development of local people, which may ensure continuous transmission in order to solve the problem and a transmission system of the intangible cultural heritage by using a principle in which the system is operated by self-recovery and natural rule of the ecology. The findings of this study show that seven problems can be analyzed by reviewing concept establishment and protection and transmission measure of intangible cultural heritages according to the Cultural Properties Protection Law, based on the ecological perspective. The protection and transmission methods of the intangible cultural heritage through the cultural heritage ecology are suggested by applying ecological theory to it. The intangible cultural heritage ecology defined in this paper means 'a sustainable community consisting of intangible cultural heritage, subject of activity and physical environment.' Since it is operated according to the principle reflecting the rules and features of natural ecology, it can keep system through self-recovery without an external intervention, as the case of natural ecology.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.91-100
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• 2006

This study analyzed the formal characteristics of traditional Jokakbo and modern works applying Jokakbo, and developed aroma chumoni representing the symbolic image and cultural identity of Bamboo at Dam-Yang, Mae-Wha at Kwang-Wang and San-Soo-You at Ku-Rae, all of which are in Chonnam. Initially, inform a theoretical point of view, the characteristics of modern works applying Jokakbo were investigated with regard to the pattern, color, fabric material and technique. Secondly, for the development of aroma chumoni, square and round patterns, representing the images of Bamboo, Mae-Wha and San-Soo-You, were applied. Relating to colors, green, pink, red purple, yellow, light yellow red and pale yellow were applied. With respect to the fabric materials, No-Bang and A-Sa, representing the lightness and coolness of the image, were used. When considering the technique, the traditional needle, rather than any other modern technique, was used.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between acculturation and the daily adjustment of Korean-Chinese children to Chinese society. Specifically, this study examined the differences between language factors and cultural factors in the levels of acculturation of Korean-Chinese children. In addition, the differences of Korean-Chinese children's adjustment according to their levels of language-related and culture-related acculturation were analyzed. Subjects consisted of 679 Korean-Chinese 4th graders in Yangil, Shenyang, and Harbin. First, the result from this study showed that Korean-Chinese children in Yangil, Shenyang, and Harbin were more acculturated to the Chinese language than to Chinese cultural activities. Second, language factors and cultural factors in acculturation were distinctively associated with Korean children's daily adjustment variables such as their well-being, internal locus of control, achievement motivation, school adjustment, teacher and peer support. Lastly, this study revealed that using Korean ethnic language and maintaining Korean ethnic culture are more likely to be associated with better daily adjustment for Korean-Chinese children. These results discussed within the unique sociocultural context of the Korean-Chinese immigrant society. This study suggests that ethnic minority children's adjustment and development should be understood within the sociocultural context of their immigrant society.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.49-59
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance and satisfaction of resources in the mouth of Nakdong River. A Pearson's chi-square test was performed in SPSS 24.0 for statistical analysis and the result of the study was summarized by three points. First, the results of importance analysis on resources in Nakdong estuary found that the importance of ecology resources was the highest with 27.1%, followed by landscape resources (18.5%), waterside leisure resources (6.5%), complex cultural resources (5.4%), and historic and cultural resources (3.3%). The probability values (p-value) of each group had shown significant differences depending on gender, age, and the location of the survey. For instance, women respondents reported a higher preference to ecology resources and complex cultural resources such as museums than men respondents as much as two times and three times, respectively. Meanwhile, men respondents showed a higher preference to waterside leisure resources in three times as much as women respondents. As for the analysis by age, the respondents in their 20s and 30s recorded a higher value than those in other age groups, and people in their 30s reported a higher preference to waterside leisure resources than those in different age groups by three times. Lastly, no significant differences were found in the preference analysis by occupation (p>.05). With regard to the results of satisfaction analysis, the average level of satisfaction on landscape resources was 6.01, and that of ecology resources and complex cultural resource were 5.65 and 5.15, respectively. Also, significant differences were found between landscape and ecology resources in the satisfaction analysis by age, landscape resources by age, ecology resources by region, and between landscape resources and ecology resources by occupation. The p-value of complex cultural resources was p=0.012, although the satisfaction level of landscape resources and ecology resources were reported to have no significant differences by age. As for the level of satisfaction in landscape resources, respondents in their 40s and 50s showed a high level of satisfaction. However, those in their 20s showed a relatively low level of satisfaction in the same category. The survey respondents living in Busan and South Gyeongsang Province and those living outside the regions revealed no significant differences in terms of satisfaction in landscape resources and complex cultural resources. However, the two same groups were found to show significant differences in the satisfaction analysis on ecology resources. In the satisfaction analysis of landscape resources and ecology resources by occupation, significant differences were found among college students, government employees, ordinary citizens, and expert groups. However, they showed no significant differences in the level of satisfaction to complex cultural resources. Third, the results of importance-satisfaction analysis on Nakdong estuary found that the average levels of satisfaction to landscape resources for each group of respondents who considered landscape, ecology, and cultural resources as important was 6.19, 6.08, and 5.67, respectively. Their levels of satisfaction on ecology resources were 5.95, 5.57, and 5.41 for each. Its correlation to the importance was insignificant. However, it was confirmed that the correlation to the level of satisfaction on complex cultural resources had a significant difference (p=0.025). In addition, the results of the analysis on 15 detailed items that was carried out with the aim to improving values and vitalizing resources in the mouth of Nakdong River found that respondents considered that the vitalization of eco-tourism (49.5%) and restoration of reed marsh (47.5%) were important. The results of detailed analysis revealed respondents' high awareness on the need of enhancing values on ecology resources. Also, improving infrastructure nearby the mouth, creating cycling routes, walkways, waterside leisure facilities, and others were considered as the requirements for the vitalization of Nakdong estuary.