• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.20
• /
• pp.203-210
• /
• 2010

Tolerance education must be based on the fact that tolerance like democracy cannot be achieved once and for all. Students must learn to constantly watch political and cultural processes for negative developments. Tolerance for others' values and behaviour can be learnt by studying previous historiographical views. The basic attitude to be learnt is repect for other cultures - within one's own culture as well as foreign cultures.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.487-497
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of cultural capital on individuals and society, and to demonstrate the causal relationship between cultural capital and viewing loyalty. Existing studies conducted from a cultural sociological point of view have mainly linked cultural capital to social inequality issues, so the role of cultural capital in personal life and social life has not received attention. To fill this literary gap, this study explored the role of cultural capital centering on the art field. A structural equation model was used to test the research hypotheses, and data were collected for college (graduate) students from three universities in Seoul. As a result of the study, it was found that artistic cultural capital had a significant effect on self-image in the field of personal life. In addition, it was found that artistic cultural capital had a positive effect on tolerant attitudes in the field of social life. Finally, it was found that viewing loyalty, which refers to favorable attitudes and behaviors toward visiting art museums, was significantly affected by artistic cultural capital. The results of this study have academic and practical implications in terms of exploring the practical role of cultural capital.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.14 no.8
• /
• pp.129-138
• /
• 2016

Purpose - The present study theoretically reviews the use of power norm according to the cultural orientation of consumers to categorize the shopping value that corresponds to the use of the power norm when consumers use local food stores. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - Based on the data collected from the survey to 130 undergraduates, salaried men and people at large, the group with cultural value orientation was divided further into the group of horizontal individualism and that of vertical collectivism by using cluster analysis of SPSS 18.0 program. And regression analysis of SPSS 18.0 was employed to verify the hypotheses. Results - The following conclusions were shown in the empirical study. First, in the group of vertical collectivism, contribution to regional profits and competitiveness, economic value and service superiority can positively affect the attitude to the local food stores while the social responsibility activity in the community can't. In the group of horizontal individualism, however, contribution to regional profits and competitiveness, social responsibility activity, economic value and service superiority were all found to positively affect the attitude to the stores. Second, the distinctive shopping value of the stores such as escapism, entertainment value and prestige does not affect the attitude to the stores. Third, the positive effects that the stores' level of responsibility for the outgroup community can exercise on the attitude to the stores turned out to be bigger in the group of horizontal individualism than in the group of vertical collectivism. Fourth, the impact that the degree of the stores' contribution to regional profits and competitiveness has on the attitude to the stores was found to be positive in both groups. However, no difference existed in the degree of positive effects between them. Conclusions - Marketing managers of local food stores should pay more attention to managing their contribution to practical shopping value and to interests as well as competitiveness of regional society, and to persuading consumers of the horizontal individualistic group by performing responsible activities for the outgroup of local society regardless of the types of consumers' cultural orientation.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.173-184
• /
• 2015

This study examined the impacts of the cultural proximity of Chinese consumers on the image of both country and product, and investigated how they are related to purchase intention of Korea fashion. Subjects were Chinese female consumers in their 20s and 30s, living in Yangtze River delta and Seoul. The results of the study were as follows: 1) The cultural proximity had a significant influence on the country image and fashion product image. Chinese consumers with more emotional proximity had more positive attitude towards country image, such as politics, economics, technology, cultures and people image. And consumers who had higher interest in Korea and Korean culture evaluated the quality, design, value and reputation of Korean fashion more positively. 2) Chinese consumers with positive attitude towards people, technology and culture image seemed to prefer fashion product. Specifically, the dimensions of country image had a different influence on the fashion product image such as product quality, design, value, reputation. 3) The Korea country image and fashion product image had also affected on purchase intention of Korean fashion products. Consumers with positive attitude towards people and technology image had higher purchase intention of Korea fashion products. And consumers with positive attitude towards reputation, value and design of fashion products had higher purchase intention of fashion products.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.439-449
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to identify the differences in persuasive effectiveness of visual merchandising between consumers in Korea and China including the moderating roles of shopping value in effectiveness of visual merchandising. For the cross-cultural experiment, 2(degree of sensuousness of VM: high vs. low)${\times}$2(involvement: high vs. low)${\times}$2(nation: Korea vs. China) factorial design were used. A total of 480 questionnaires allocating 60 students to each group were distributed. The results were as follows. First, Chinese consumers were likely to respond favorably regardless of the degree of sensuousness of VM, while Korean consumers were more positive in high degree of sensuousness of VM. Second, aesthetic cognition of VM and attitude toward VM had positive influences on brand cognition in both countries. Third, Korean consumers with greater recognition of aesthetic attributes of VM had more positive brand attitude, while Chinese consumers with greater recognition of utilitarian attributes of VM had more positive brand attitude. Fourth, there were moderating effects of shopping value in persuasive effectiveness of VM in Chinese consumer group, while there were no significant moderating effects in Korean consumer group. With the cross-cultural interpretation of the fin-dings, strategic implications and suggestions for the global fashion retailing, specifically fashion visual merchandising, are provided.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.12
• /
• pp.657-665
• /
• 2016

In this study, we identified the components of cultural competency in college students according to their multicultural experiences. We collected the data from 663 college students located in Gyeonggi-do in September, 2016. Using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 version, we analyzed the data with descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA. Our results are as follows. The average of cultural competency is 3.48 points, In the components of cultural competency, cultural awareness is highest at an average of 3.78 points, followed by cultural attitude which has an mean value of 3.73 points. Also, the cultural competency based on the multicultural experience, it is significantly higher when the subjects contact with multicultural people and take a class related to multiculture than the subjects who don't have those kind of experiences. This results indicate that it is necessary to develop various programs for college students' multicultural experiences, because those multicultural experiences improve students' cultural competency.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This descriptive study was conducted to identify the attitudes of nursing college students to North Korean refugees (NKR) and to examine factors influencing these attitudes. Methods: A total of 195 participants completed a structured questionnaire between September and October 2016. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The results of this study were as follows: attitudes toward NKR was 2.74 out of 4 points; cultural receptivity was 3.25 out of 5 points; nationalism was 2.46 out of 4 points. Cultural receptivity (r=.26, p<.001) and nationalism (r=-.18, p=.036) were significantly related to attitudes toward NKR. Unification attitude (${\beta}=0.27$, p <.001) and cultural receptivity (${\beta}=0.20$, p=.005) explained 13.7% of the variance in attitudes toward NKR. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide fundamental data for the development of a nursing education program on multicultural perspectives. Furthermore, these findings might highlight the need for a nursing education program that could enhance understanding of patients from different backgrounds and recognize their differences, going beyond a national point of view as commonly found in Korea. The nursing education program should also promote an open and receptive attitude.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.513-522
• /
• 2021

The current research aims to explore which type of identity-based message can be more persuasive for Chinese consumers to form positive restaurant brand attitude based on their cultural orientation, and to examine the roles of brand objective relevance and psychological power state in the persuasive process. The study employs a 2(identity expression focus: warmth vs. competence) × 2(message description manner: identity-defining vs. identity-referencing) × 2(experienced power state: high vs. low) between-subjects design, and conducts an online survey where 240 Chinese participants in total has responded to the questionnaires. SPSS and AMOS programs have been used to examine the hypotheses. The findings suggest that, first, the warmth-focused messages (identity-defining messages) more positively affected Chinese consumers' object relevance than the competence-focused messages (identity-referencing messages); Second, high power-experienced Chinese consumers rather than low power consumers tend to perceive more object relevance at the warmth self-defining messages; Third, brand object relevance revealed a mediation effect in the process of the warmth-focused messages (identity-defining messages) affecting brand attitude. This research offers new insight into the relationships between consumers' cultural orientation, understandings of power, and identity-based consumer behavior, suggesting marketers should take those social influences and consumer diversities into account when developing the message to persuade consumers.

• Research in Mathematical Education
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.153-163
• /
• 2007

Utilizing the quantitative analysis methodology of questionnaire, the study explores the differences in the factors of achievement motivation, learning mathematics attitude and learning mathematics self-confidence and also the relationship between mathematics academic achievement and these factors in three areas in China. The following conclusions are drawn: 1. The subjects from different development level areas have significant differences in motivation, attitude and self-confidence in mathematics; 2. The subjects from different areas who possess the same ethnic group have significant differences. But the subjects from same area who possess different nationalities have little difference. It can be concluded that that the differences in these factors can be contributed to regional differences, rather than to ethnic differences; 3. The subjects from undeveloped areas have significant gender differences, and the levels of males are higher than those of female.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.335-348
• /
• 2020

This study examines the cultural differences in Korea and the United Kingdom, and how they affect consumer complaint behavior(CCB). Technological advances allow consumers to easily access information anywhere in the world using the internet thus they demand even higher expectations from the sellers. Consumers from different cultural backgrounds, especially the millennial generation, have different ways of expressing a dissatisfying shopping experience. For this comparative study, in-depth interviews were conducted based on the methodology set by grounded theory. The results of the axial coding produced by recombining the data from open coding were visualized as a paradigm model. The main phenomenon of attitude towards complaining was formed following the causal conditions of dissatisfaction that occurred after purchasing fashion products online. The contextual condition, which is the cultural factors, affects the formation of the attitude towards complaining; and the intervening conditions, which are personal value and amplifications of dissatisfaction, had a moderating effect between the causal condition and the main phenomenon. Complaining costs, the likelihood of successful complaint, attribution, and the importance of the product were the determinants of the complaining behavior after the attitude towards complaining was formed. As a result, there were three classifications of consumer complaining behavior: no action, private action, and public action. This research will serve as a guide for online companies that wish to enter the UK fashion industry with a competitive edge.