• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.101-105
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• 2014

The topics of leadership and culture have attracted substantial interest from both academics and practitioners. This study examines the effects of leadership styles and national culture on affective commitment in samples of the restaurant employees in US. In detail, this study examines how employees evaluate their leaders with different national cultures and the ways in which cultural similarity influences employees' affective commitment. The findings suggest that participative leadership style and supportive leadership style have effects on affective commitment but instrumental leadership style does not. In addition, the findings show that employees evaluate differently leaderships of their leaders with different national culture. Finally, in order to increase the employees' affective commitment, it is recommended for managers to employ supportive leadership style toward employees of different national cultures. Participative leadership style is more effective when a manager is familiar with his or her employees' national culture.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.92-94
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• 2005

A orchid rotting fungus was isolated and identified. The isolate was consistent with the genus Fusarium in morphological and cultural characteristics. The partial 18S rRNA sequence of the isolate showed high similarity with anamorph or telemorph of Fusarium and other Fusarium species. In phylogenetic analysis, the isolates was poorly related to other Fusarium species. The isolate closely related to Fusarium sp. LP-A2/3.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.542-560
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• 2016

This study determines whether or not firms can achieve high productivity growth through external technology acquisition. It also identifies the key factors affecting adopting firms' productivity growth by employing the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) methodology, which features computational ease, low data dependency, and decomposition of productivity growth into technical efficiency change and technical change. Results showed that the effects of productivity growth arising from technology transfer became stronger over time. Moreover, patent transfer guaranteed firms' productivity growth, but no evidence was found that factors such as age and size could increase productivity. Finally, cultural similarity could be another factor conditioning the effectiveness of technology transfer in the productivity of adopting firms.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.114-122
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• 2018

As part of a larger study of indigenous prokaryotic species diversity in South Korea, various samples from Namhangang were subjected to analyses. Fresh water, underwater sediment, and moss-inhabiting aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were isolated. 22 of the isolates were identified as unrecorded bacterial species in Korea that had ${\geq}98.7%$ 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with published species. The aerobic strains isolated were Kurthia gibsonii and Massilia plicata. Also identified were four facultative anaerobic strains: Bacillus hisashii, Enterococcus rotai, Paenibacillus vini, and Pediococcus pentosaceus. 16 strictly anaerobic strains were identified as Bacteroides xylanolyticus, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Clostridium argentinense, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium cavendishii, Clostridium diolis, Clostridium frigidicarnis, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum, Clostridium sphenoides, Clostridium subterminale, Cutibacterium acnes, Paraclostridium bifermentans, Prevotella paludivivens, and Romboutsia lituseburensis. Based on the examination of morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical properties of the isolates, descriptive information of these previously unrecorded species is provided here.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 1989

The bacteria utilizing 3-chlorobenzoate as a sole carbon and energy source were isolated by Most-Probable-Number technique and identified in Korean coastal waters. Pseudomonas, Moraxella and Flavobacterium were dominant genera and comprised 70.2% of total isolates. Forty-four biochemical, cultural, morphological and physiological testa were performed and average linding cluster analysis was conducted from the test results. Total 92.7% of isolates were clustered into 17 groups under the 80% similarity level. The degradation of 3-chlorobenzoate was performed by many heterogeneous bacteria and the species diversity of these bacterial group offers informations of the stability of bacterial communities in relation to carbon compound cycling in coastal enviromnents.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.77-84
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• 2012

Single formative language created by the standardization of industrial society carries a cell constructive aspect. Such space structural form made gigantic buildings, which has a symbolism as an independent object. Such space shows a morphological symbolism by public preference but it did not establish essential meaning of a shape or concentrated relation. In this regard, this paper tries to show organic similarity of structural formality of small commercial space (patterned space), which was made by the continuity of concentrated patterns not an object of dualistic unit features. Therefore, this study analyzed the cultural, commercial and public space based upon systematical concept and features. Systematical space formality that makes multilateral relation between human, environment and a thing is a concentrated view point by relational features not by the cluster displayed by hierarchical features. Systematical space of small patterned space emphasized its appropriateness of expansion and creating diversified spaces unlike gigantic symbolic buildings.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.169-172
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• 2004

키 프레임들의 컬러 정보 차이 값과 표준편차 차이 값을 이용한 유사성측정 방법을 기반으로 클러스터링을 이용하여 의미 있는 단위로 분할되어 색인화 된 비디오에서 중요 장면들을 추출하고 추출된 키프레임들을 대상으로 중간(middle)샷 개요 생성 규칙을 적용하여 요약된 형태의 비디오 개요를 추출하여 사용자들에게 제공함으로써 비디오 선택의 폭을 넓힐 수 있도록 제안하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2002

Fifteen isolates from pear, and sixteen isolates from KCTC, KCCM, and Chungnam Univ. of Penicillium spp. were investigated for the analysis of their relationships of cultural characteristics and RAPD genetic variation by RAPD. The cultural characteristics of Penicillium spp. were shown different growth rate, morphology, and color. In addition, the cultural characteristics and RAPD analysis were conducted for the pear rot pathogens and related isolates. RAPD patterns were applied to compare the taxonomic and genetic diversity of the Penicillium species between 15 groups isolated from pear fruits and 16 standard species. The genomic DNA were amplified from $0.1{\sim}2.0kb$ by five URP primer and 744 bands were detected. The cluster analysis showed four genomic DNA RAPD groups and its similarity was 47.7%. Intraspecific relationships were 87.4, 97.5 and 95.2%, in P. expansum, P. solitum, and P. crustosum, respectively. These results appeared to be that there were high similarities between isolates, and consistent with the results of cultural morphological characteristics analysis.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.209-221
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• 2013

This study is to interpret the construction characteristics and the provenance of soil layers from the Dongnamri site in Baekje Kingdom of Buyeo, Korea. The soil layers is divided into present age layer, Baekje layer and lower part layer, and the soils formed in the Baekje Kingdom period is divided into the Baekje 1st layer and the Baekje 2nd layer according to temporal intervals. The soil layers gradually becomes darker in color and higher in mineral content towards the lower part layer. However, the particular distinction between layers of the soils could not be identified. Additionally, the soil layers show a similar characteristics of mineralogy and geochemical evolution regardless of the layers. This indicates that the sites were made with weathered soil from an identical bed rock, and the site show a similarity to the surrounding soil, indicating its possibility of being the original materials. However, through the analysis of particle size, the first and second Baekje layers occurred that these layers were formed by setting up the soil with high content of sand on the bottom and stacking the soil with high content of silt on top of it.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2018

This study aims to study the flora and identify the naturalized plants of the 4 ancient palace (Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, Changgyeonggung, Deoksugung) and Jongmyo Shrine, which are national cultural heritage and urban cultural centers in Seoul. The plants found consisted of 315 taxa in total, belonging to 82 families, 201 genera, 285 species, 1 subspecies and 29 varieties. The naturalized plants were shown as follows: in the Deoksugung Palace(33 taxa), the Jongmyo Shrine(14 taxa) and the Gyeongbok Palace(21 taxa) and the Changdeokgung Palace complex(11 taxa). The results of the analysis based on the place of origin showed a higher rate of distribution of species based in North America, Europe and Eurasia, with higher rates of grass than tree. In addition, except for Gyeongbokgung Palace, the annual rate is higher than the perennial rate. As a result of naturalization analysis, the percentage of naturalized plants corresponding to naturalization degree 3 and naturalization degree 5 was high. According to the moment of the invasion, the naturalized plants recently introduced were higher than the first species. In addition, it was found that the similarity between the sites was more than 40%, and the diversity of species of naturalized plants common to the five sites was very low. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for cultural heritage landscaping and naturalized plant management.