• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.94-113
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• 2010

Despite a number of previous studies about cultural tourism festivals, studies on food menus in the cultural tourism festival setting have often been neglected. Considering the importance of food menus, identifying major selection attributes that satisfy visitors in a festival setting is vital. Using conjoint analysis, this study demonstrated that price was the most influential selection attributes to attract visitors. The time required between ordering and receiving food was found to be the second important selection attribute, followed by menu and place. Cluster analysis identified two distinct segments that take different sets of elements into account when making their selection decision. Conjoint simulation estimated the most preferred foodservice form in cultural tourism festivals setting would have 21.18% potential market share. The implications gained from this study provided an important starting point for determining key selection attributes in establishing strategies to enhance visitors' level of satisfaction.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.86-114
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• 2001

As the environment related to hospital operation has changed very competitively in recent years, a need to reform the hospital management is ever growing. For that reason, it has become more urgent and strategically important for us to diagnose the organizational culture of the hospitals and to make efforts to change them towards more performance- and customers-oriented one. So far, there have been many studies done on the hospital organizations. However, this research distinctively attempts to base itself on the competing values approach in studying the organizational culture and empirically examine how different profiles of the organizational culture may have an impact on the organizational performances in hospital organizations. The results of this study has showed several interesting findings and posed the discussions to be dealt with. First, most hospitals selected for this research are characterized by the inner-oriented culture with more focused on 'hierarchy' and 'relationship-oriented' culture rather than on 'reform' and 'work-oriented' one. And the strong 'hierarchy-oriented' culture is a very general phenomenon in the sample hospitals. From these findings, we can inference that despite the recent efforts of most Korean hospitals for organizational change and innovation they still have long distance way to go. In addition, another important implications of this research has come from the analysis of the relationships between the cultural profiles and organizational performances. For this purpose, this research has conducted a series of cluster analysis and identified four distinct cultural profiles from the sample organizations. Several major findings are as follows. First, with respect to the dependent variable of 'job satisfaction' perceived by the nurses working in the sample hospitals, we found that the balance of competing organizational values had more positive impact on the job satisfaction. This result confirms the hypothesis of competing values model on the organizational performances. However, such result was not replicated on the other dependent variable, 'patients' satisfaction'. The reasons for these results and other discussions including the limitations of this study are suggested.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2015

Purpose - The ICT market in the EU is lagging behind that of the US; however, algorithm and software development within the EU have grown steadily, and they involve focusing on the creative cultural convergence conceptualized as part of Horizon 2020 and connecting neighboring markets in the EE and the Mediterranean region. It is essential to study the requirements to market the EU's creative ICT development in emerging industrial countries after examining its applicability in these countries. Research design, data, and methodology - This study deals with data pertaining to the EU's creative industry and competitive edge. The global cultural expansion of the EU facilitates a new concept involving not only low-cost IT products to enhance local cultural artifacts through R&D and the construction of efficient infrastructure services, but also information exchange with a realistic commercialization of the technology that can be applied for creative cultural localization. In the European industry, research on algorithms has been applied for the benefit of consumers. We investigated how the process is conducted in the EU. Results - Europe needs to adjust its economic structure to the local culture as part of IT distribution convergence. The convergence has been converted into a production algorithm with IT in the form of low-cost production. This is because there is an attempt to improve the quality of transport infrastructure, workforce availability, and the distribution of the distance to the local industries and consumers, using IT algorithms. Integrated into the manufacturing industry, based on the ICT infrastructure and solutions, smart localized regional clusters are formed with the help of grafting. Europe has own strategy to increase the number of hub-and-spoke cities. Europe is now becoming integrated, with an EPC system for regional cooperation rather than national competition in ICT technology. Europe has also been recognized in this study as changing the step-by-step paradigm for global competitiveness through new creative culture industries. Conclusions - As a result, there are several ways of converging with others through EU R&D intensity; therefore, the EU can be seen as successfully increasing marginal value, which is useful in developing a special industrial cluster or local cultural cities that create converged development by connecting people and objects with IT. In fact, when compared to the US, Europe has a strong culture and the car industries have a tendency to overshadow the IT industries with integration of services in IT distribution. Considering the rapid environmental changes, the convergence of IT services is likely to take place in Europe, similar to the pharmaceutical industry and the automotive industry. This requires a focus on human resources and automated systems management. The trend is to move away from low-wage industries, switched to key personnel centers of the local university-industry. EU emphasizes the creation of IT market demand in Europe involving local cultural convergence for marketing as the second step to strengthen the economic hub-and-spoke areas.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.121-132
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• 2011

Hanok with a long tradition in our country, but a significant period of modernization in the process of being cut off did not have continuity. Many of Hanok aging, according to the rapid residential development and life-changing was the subject of a complaint. Conversely, the benefits of Hanok was given to the advantages that compare to a monotonous mass housing of apartments. Despite these changes and the potential of these social needs and demands Hanok quickly did not respond: First, for the life of contemporary and traditional Hanok with a form of gap is a matter of space and style. Economy and lifestyle $20,000 for the era of Hanok was to develop a model for spatial configurations. Second, Hanok in a low density, is evaluated to aging, because increasing the economic utilization of land and tailored to their needs as a Hanok housing requires the development of a model, but this did not present a layered model. The purpose of this study is a modern residential Hanok persistence of this set to have 1) the spatial characteristics of traditional and modern urban life Hanok living space that meets the requirements of the degree of each other, to find sustainable elements, and 2) these demands the modern residential area type, combined with a set of Hanok 3) Korea Hanok cultural characteristics which set is created to residential housing types is to develop a basic research.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.987-996
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to measure customers' perception of the service quality of Korean restaurants and then compare differences in perceived service quality according to customer nationality. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 2812 subjects, and data were analyzed by frequency, chi-square, t-test, one-way ANOVA, factor, reliability, cluster, and discriminant analysis. Results of the study were as follows. The factor analysis of perceived service quality produced four factors, employee service (5 variables), menu quality (4 variables), price & value (4 variables), and physical environment (4 variables). Cronbach's alpha values for reliability were over 0.8 for all factors. Further, a significant difference was observed in service quality, which was perceived according to customer nationality. A higher mean value of perceived service quality was held by foreigners when compared to Koreans. Especially, the mean value of perceived service quality was significantly low for all items for Japanese compared to foreigners. Cluster analysis divided subjects into two groups based on attitude toward service quality of Korean restaurants: an unfavorable group and favorable group. These two groups differed from each other in general characteristics as well. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.39-56
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• 1998

This paper concerned with the Honsu(婚需) norms of urban residents in Korea, and was designed to suggest a solution to solve the current problems of the extravagant Honsu with the changes int he customs related to Honsu. Data collected through interviews with questionaire were analyzed statistically by X2-test, ANOVA, Scheffe-test, factor analysis, cluster analysis and product moment correlation coefficients using SPSS PC+ program. Factors of HONSU norm, was characterized into 3 types, exchangabilities and focusing on groom's family, preparation of goods for housekeeping, and independence from parents and individualism. HONSU was found to be regarded as the basis for better life for the new family provided by their patents in terms of the family norm. The current problems of extravagant HONSU seems due to the family norm. Factors of HONSU norms could be grouped into 4 categories by the cluster analysis. They are 1)the preparation of basic house-keeping items for independent family, 2)an opportunity to secure an economic base for the new family, 3)an opportunity to show off their wealth by selecting easily exchangable goods, and 4)others who select items based on their personalities. An oppportunity to show off their wealth by selecting easily exchangable was the cultural norm of Honsu, and it was found that urban housewives had almost uniform thoughts about Honsu. Consideration of items for individuals' needs and independent life took place in deciding on Honsu for all four types of couples although the weight given to this consideration showed difference. Preparation for the new family and individual needs were the common grounds of HONSU norms in all categories through the weight was different.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the appropriate hydroponic system when cherry tomatoes were grown in summer. The base diameter of the trunk, leaf length, leaf width, and the length of cluster were good in deep flow culture(DFC), and not different between NFT and rockwool culture. The first time of flowering and the fruit coloring per cluster were not different among cultural systems, but the marketable yields were good in DFC. In DFC, ％ dry weight, firmness, the content of organic acid and sugar were low, and the ratio of sugar/organic acid and vitamin C were high. So DFC is recommended for the summer cultivation of cherry tomatoes.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.437-456
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to understand the locational characteristics of performing art industries and to investigate the linkages with local economy. For the purpose, we examine the spatial concentration of cultural and artistic resources in Korea first, and than focus on Seoul where the resources of performing art industries are concentrated to the utmost. To distinguish the distribution aspect and locational characteristics of performing art industries, we apply the Kernel density analysis and LISA (Local Indicator of Spatial Association) on the address data of performing art theater, gallery, and movie theater. In contrast to galleries and movie theaters. the spatial distribution pattern of performing art theaters reveals a unique local cluster centered on the Daehakro area. We confirm that the Daehakro area constitutes a performing art industry cluster in their dense distribution of various related activities making up the value chain of the performing art industry. Multiple regression analysis probes the related economic activities to explain the distribution of performing art theaters as well as the linkages with the local economic landscape.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 2009

Various cultural practices have been promoted as management options for enhancing soil quality and health. The use of soil management methods can cause changes in fertility by affecting soil chemical properties. This study aimed to evaluate interactions between soil chemical properties and soil management methods in protected cultivation, and to classify soil management methods that similarly affect soil chemical properties. Water-logging and irrigation reduced soil pH and available $P_2O_5$ content. Application of animal manures has a positive effect on levels of organic matter, Av.$P_2O_5$, K, Zn, and Cu. The electrical conductivites tened to be low in the application of organic amendments, including rice and wood residues. Deeper plowing caused a reduction in Ca content. Practicing soil nutrient-considering fertilization and fertigation did not exert an influence on nutrient element contents. In a cluster analysis of the soil management methods according to major nutrients, low similarities were found with deeper plowing and crop rotation with rice in comparison with other practices. In a cluster analysis by minor nutrient characteristics, crop rotation and application of animal manures and rice residues were linked at a high Ward's distance, while other practices were found to be relatively low distinct. Each soil management method has a similar or different effect on soil chemical properties. These results suggest the necessity of establishing limits and standards according to the effects of soil management methods on soil chemical properties for economic soil practices.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.35-43
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• 2010

To examine the relationship between climate and tree-ring growth of Pinus densiflora S. et Z. growing in the ridges of the Baekdudaegan, it was analyzed the sample cores of 48 trees were collected from 21 sites. After the pattern of tree rings of all Pinus densiflora were cross-dating each other, it was recognized the growth of Pinus densiflora was affected by climate largely when tree-ring chronologies were standardized to remove the age-related growth. As a cluster analysis was conducted to examine the similarity of chronologies, three clusters were classified, the tree-ring growths of Pinus densiflora was not by regional or elevational gradients but by the growth tree-ring width amplitude as micro-site growth environments. Correlation coefficients between the chronologies of three clusters and monthly climate (temperature and precipitation) factors were obtained. As a result, tree-ring growth of Pinus densiflora was more affected by temperature than precipitation and the trees of high-growth cluster possessed less climatic influences.