• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.254-260
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• 2014

Sulfur compound includes major electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration. In this study, cultivation-based study on sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria of various wetlands of Korea was attempted. To isolate sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria, anaerobic roll tube method was used to obtain typical black colonies of sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria. Total 11 strains obtained were tentatively identified based on comparative 16S rDNA similarity and physiological property analysis. All sulfate-reducing bacteria (8 strains) belonged to genus Desulfovibrio with >99% 16S rDNA similarities. Three sulfur reducing bacteria were also isolated: two and one isolates were affiliated with Sulfurospirillum and Desulfitobacterium, respectively. These sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria were able to utilize lactate and pyruvate and sulfite and thiosulfate as common electron donors and electron acceptors, respectively. This case study will provide fundamental information for obtaining useful indigenous sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria from Korean wetlands employing various combinations of cultivation conditions.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.114-120
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• 2003

In order to provide fundamental data for development of controlled environment facilities in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) cultivation, field survey and analysis of structural and environmental engineering characteristics on the shading structures in ginseng fields (the ginseng houses) were carried out. In this study shading structures for ginseng cultivation were classified according to their structural materials, connection types, and detailed structures. That is they were classified into wood or steel frames, single or multi spans, and frame or cable types. As a result of the investigation, standardization of structural materials, fabrication and construction methods arc required. And it was considered that a reinforced design and a countermeasure for heavy snow are the most important matters for structural improvement. In parts of the environmental management, researches for setting up the irrigation standard are required in the first place. And it was investigated that an installation of the shading structures is a work being the most hard, taking a lot of time, and having need for automation. So controlled environment ginseng houses, with a low cost, a structural safety and a satisfactory workability, should be developed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.156-168
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• 2024

This study was carried out to provide fundamental data for forest land and the environment by investigating the vegetation structure and soil properties of forest land where Sarcodon impricatus are present. The study area was divided into the Quercus mongolica community, dominated by Q. mongolica and the Quercus variabilis community, a mixed forest with Q. variabilis, Q. mongolica and Pinus densiflora. Also, Calamagrostis arundinacea in the former community and Disporum smilacinum and Carex siderosticta in the latter community showed significant levels as indicator species. Both communities showed a strong correlation between available phosphate and pH, sand, and clay, and the high organic matter content and slightly acidic pH of the soil are believed to be related to the development of S. impricatus. The species appearing at the lower layer continue to dominate because the species appearing at the upper layer have secured realized niches. The site was distributed in a relatively humid place in a north-east direction, and soil was developed with a thin litter layer and low rock exposure. In the selected S. impricatus growing areas, vegetation centered on highly adaptable species to disturbance or external interference was developed. Therefore, it is expected to be used as fundamental data to promote the occurrence of S. impricatus during artificial cultivation, as it is possible to identify the stand where S. impricatus occurs indirectly.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.221-231
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• 2023

Nowadays, more and more countries are paying attention to basic teaching, so it can be found that they are carrying out a new round of basic teaching reform. The fundamental purpose is to adapt to the economic, cultural and technological development of the 21st century, so that their nationals will not be eliminated in the competition of the world environment, the spiritual civilization and material life of the nationals can be further improved, and they can have an advantage in the competition and catch up with the advanced level of the world. The cultivation of preschoolers' mental health determines the future development of a person. Through the long-term practice of art teaching at the Longyuan Branch of the District Third Kindergarten of Guangxi, This paper summarizes some effective teaching methods to cultivate children's connection ability and sense of security through aesthetic education.Firstly, preschoolers' contact ability was studied, and the aspects such as the definition of contact ability and the reasons for the formation of contact ability were explored. Secondly, the development of preschoolers' sense of security, what to avoid in order to develop a good sense of security and the effects of security on children were investigated. Finally, several specific teaching cases were written based on these theories. Through these cases, aesthetic education was utilized to promote preschoolers' contact ability and develop a sense of security. The study mainly draws the following conclusions that if children want to have a successful career, a happy family in the future, it is crucial to have the ability of connect and security in childhood. Aesthetic education can promote the formation of children's ability of connection and security.Finally, I write specific teaching cases based on the above theories and practice, through which these cases use aesthetic education to promote the formation of children's contact ability and sense of security.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.151-161
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• 2019

Ashwagandha (Withania sominifera Duanal) is an important medicinal herb with increased demand after discovering its anti-stress and sex stimulating properties that are attributed to the presence of biologically active alkaloid compounds. The aim of this study was to elucidate a proper agro technological package that ensures the optimum growth of Ashwagandha to obtain the finest quality without degrading the pharmacologically active constituents. Mixtures of organic and inorganic fertilizers were combined with direct seeding and transplanted as four different treatments in this study. The fresh and dry weights of the tubers were recorded up to 12 months starting from two months after sowing (MAS) while the shoot height, root length, number of leaves, fresh and dry weights of the shoot and the root with a shoot ratio of up to 6 MAS were determined. The results revealed that the growth of Ashwagandha was not affected significantly by the method of planting, type of fertilizer or their combinations during most of the harvests. However, tubers harvested at 6 MAS had the highest recorded dry tuber weight per plant in all four treatments compared to the early harvests where two direct seeded treatments had the best results. Comparison of the phytochemical compounds showed that direct seeding with organic fertilizer had the highest recorded values for alkaloid and withaferine A contents with a lower percentage of fiber compared to the treatments with inorganic fertilizer. In conclusion, direct seeding with organic fertilizer and tubers harvested at 6 MAS are recommended as the best cultivation conditions and harvesting stage to obtain high quality tubers of Ashwagandha, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 2014

Four actual cultivations were prepared and a variety of soybean was cultivated. A H-flume, an automatic water level gauge and an automatic water sampler were installed at the outlet of each plot equipped for the measurement of flow rate and its water quality. The amount of rainfall of the study area in 2013 was measured as 975.6 mm which was much lower than the annual average rainfall of 1,271.8 mm, resulting in less occurrences in rainfall-runoff events. Rainfall-runoff events were occurred three times during the rainfall event of 4~5 July, 23 and 24 August. The characteristics of NPS pollution discharge of the plots and the reduction effect of the selected BMPs were analyzed during these events. The reduction effect of straw mat and soil amendments (Polyacrylamide (PAM) and Gypsum) on runoff ratio ranged between 38.2 and 92.9% (average 71.6%). The NPS pollution load reduced between 27.7 and 95.1% (average 70.0%) by the application of rice straw mat and soil conditioner when compared with that of control plot. Soybean yield (2,133.3 kg/ha) of the straw mat covered plots increased by 14.3% when compared with control (1,866.7 kg/ha). The effect of straw mat on the yield was not economically viable if the material and accompanying labor costs were considered. The data collected and analyzed on different soil textures and crops in this study are expected to be a fundamental reference for the expansion of the results to the application nationwide and the development of NPS pollution management policies.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.252-255
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• 2009

In this study we investigated the natural habitats of Allium grayi, Allium monanthum, Allium tuberosum' and Allium schoenoprasmum to develop a fundamental database for their breeding and cultivation. Both Allium grayi and Allium monanthum were growing wild mainly in the areas with the altitude of ${\leq}\;300\;m$. The natural habitats of Allium grayi and Allium monanthum were limited to the altitude of 1,000 and 800 m, respectively. Allium thunbergii was growing at a wide range of altitude from the lowlands (${\geq}\;100\;m$) to the high elevated areas (${\leq}\;1,000\;m$) whereas Allium maximowiczii was growing wild only at the high altitude of ${\geq}\;900\;m$. The number and the size of the natural habitat of Allium grayi were greater than those of Allium monanthum. The natural habitats of Allium grayi were in the Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Jeolla, and Gyeongsang Provinces whereas those of Allium monanthum were found mainly in the Chungcheong and Jeju Provinces. Allium grayi was growing wild in both inland and seaside districts whereas Allium monanthum was mainly in the inland areas.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.9-13
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• 1988

Mathematics education is generally to cultivate mathematical thought. Most meaningful thought is to solve a certain given situation, that is, a problem. The aim of mathematies education could be identified with the cultivation of mathematical problem-solving ability. To cultivate mathematical problem-solving ability, it is necessary to study the nature of mathematical ability and its aspects pertaining to problem-solving ability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between problem-solving ability and classficational viewpoint of mathematical verbal problems, and bet ween the detailed abilities of problem-solving procedure and classificational viewpoint of mathematical verbal problems. With the intention of doing this work, two tests were given to the third-year students of middle school, one is problem-solving test and the other classificational viewpoint test. The results of these two tests are follow ing. 1. The detailed abilities of problem-solving procedure are correlated with each other: such as ability of understanding, execution and looking-back. 2. From the viewpoint of structure and context, students classified mathematical verbal problems. 3. The students who are proficient at problem-solving, understanding, execution, and looking-back have a tendency to classify mathematical verbal problems from a structural viewpoint, while the students who are not proficient at the above four abilities have a tendency to classify mathematical verbal problems from a contextual viewpoint. As the above results, following conclusions can be made. 1. The students have recognized at least two fundamental dimensions of structure and context when they classified mathematical verbal problems. 2. The abilities of understanding, execution, and looking- back effect problem-solving ability correlating with each other. 3. The instruction emphasizing the importance of the structure of mathematical problems could be one of the methods cultivating student's problem-solving ability.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 2011

1. Objectives: This study reviews the general theory on Li-Qi (理-氣) found in Dongmu Lee Jema (東武 李濟馬) and Nosa Gi Jeongjin (蘆沙 奇正鎭)'s works and explores the associations between their philosophical systems. 2. Methods: The main ideas on Predisposition (氣稟論) found in Dongmu's works were explored in connection with the Li-Qi (理-氣) theory and compared with the perspectives suggested by Nosa. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) Nosa criticized the "weakened supervision of Li (理)" and the "separation of Li (理) and Qi (氣)", proposing that this problem can be overcome through "mutual embracement of Li and its manifestations (理分圓融 理分相涵)". 2) When Dongmu's theory on Predisposition (氣稟論) is interpreted in terms of Li-Qi (理-氣), the Seong-Li (laws governing the organ scheme) (性理(臟理)) represents the Li (理) while the formational variations in organ scheme(臟局短長) and and the level of self-cultivation (心地淸濁) represents the Qi (氣). 3) The concept of "Diversification of Li (理之異)", bearing similarities to Nosa's Li-Qi (理-氣) theory, was introduced for the first time in Dongmu's theory on Predisposition (氣稟論), which presumably built the fundamental theories in the Sasang Constitutional Typology. 4) Within Dongmu's theory of Predisposition (氣稟論) can be found a dichotomous division of "similitude between the morally unaccomplished and the morally accomplished" in the ontological plane and "dissimilitude between the morally unaccomplished and the morally accomplished" in the axiological plane; this dichotomy is more extensive and developed compared to Nosa's attempt to find a consistent logic in both the ontological and axiological plane through a Li-Qi (理-氣) structure with Li-predominance.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.115-120
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• 1997

The purpose of thesis was to investigate the removal efficiency of surfactants and commercial detergents by Oenanthe javanica that is one of aquatic plants in Korea. The experiment is concerned with measuring the concentrations of surfactants and commercial detergents in different media: 1) in pure water, 2) in water containing Oenanthe javanica, 3) in water containing Oenanthe javanica and commercial nutrients. The surfactants used in this research include linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), $\alpha$-sulfo fatty acid methyl esters(MES), and alkylbenzene sulfonates(ABS). Two commercial detergents designated as A and B were in the forms of power and liquid. The results showed that LAS and MES were more effectively removed by Oenanthe javanica probably because these have a chain of linear carbon than on ABS with a branched carbon structure. In the case of commercial detergents, when the except was performed on the basis of surfactants proportion, the removal trends were similar to LAS and MES. The 5-day cultivating test with initial concentration of 0.5-1.0 ppm surfactants showed that less than 10% was removed if no nutrients an Oenanthe javanica were added. When Oenanthe javanica was added into the sample solution containing surfactants, the removal efficiency was increased 100% for the solution containing 0.5-1.0 ppm 60-70% for 5-10 ppm. In addition, chlorisis on Oenanthe javanica was observed due to surfactants and commercial detergents for all three cases. To test the dependence of population density on nutrients, the initial population density was made 300 g/0.4 m$^2$. Throughout the 5-day experiment, the on Oenanthe javanica grew 20-25% with 0.5-1.0 ppm without the synthetic nutrients but by 5% with a high concentrations of 5-10 ppm. The population density was appeared to be independent of synthetic nutrients. The leaves were to be grown with synthetic nutrients, while roots were grown without synthetic nutrients. Based on this research, the fundamental data concerning cultivation and an adequate adjustment of the water condition can provide for the utilization of Oenanthe javanica in real water treatment system.