• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2018

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of cultivation conditions on the growth and glucosinolate content of Chinese cabbage and kale. Methods: Chinese cabbage and kale were grown in three different cultivation conditions, including a plant factory, greenhouse, and open field. Samples were collected at two harvesting times (10 d and 20 d after transplanting the seedlings). Nine growth parameters (plant height, plant width, number of leaves, petiole diameter, SPAD readout, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, and plant weight) were measured immediately after harvesting, and the samples were freeze-dried and stored until the glucosinolate content was analyzed. Mean values of the growth parameters and glucosinolate contents were evaluated using Duncan's multiple range tests. Results: The results indicated that the plant parameters of the Chinese cabbage and kale were greater for plants grown in the plant factory and greenhouse. The plant height, width, and weight showed significant differences in the Duncan's multiple range tests at a 5% level. The plant factory also produced greater contents of most of the glucosinolates. Conclusions: Three different cultivation conditions significantly affected the growth and glucosinolate contents of Chinese cabbage and kale. Further study is necessary to investigate other functional components and different vegetable varieties.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.4 s.91
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• pp.249-251
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• 1999

The yields and the biological efficiency of Hericium erinaceus in the case of the bottle cultivation was 356 g/850 ml, 147.8% and in pot cultivation was 810 g/2,500 ml, 114.3% respectively. On the primordial formation the case of no removing inoculation spawn was well introduced, and the mushroom's yield and biological efficiency was to be high in the case of the bottle's cap was shut. The results in the use of the logs for Hericeum erinaceus's cultural media were to be fine in oak, alder, poplar, black locust in order. And in oak, the yield of the mushrooms were $1195.5\;g/0.1\;m^3$ biological efficiency was 17.3%, the period requirements for primordium was 69 days, and the mushroom's individual weight was 143 g.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2006

Comparative analysis of microbial communities in a sequencing batch reactor which performed enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was carried out using a cultivation-based technique and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. A standard PCR protocol and a modified PCR protocol with low PCR cycle was applied to the two clone libraries of the 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from EBPR sludge, respectively, and the resulting 424 clones were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) on 16S rRNA gene inserts. Comparison of two clone libraries showed that the modified PCR protocol decreased the incidence of distinct fragment patterns from about 63 % (137 of 217) in the standard PCR method to about 34 % (70 of 207) under the modified protocol, suggesting that just a low level of PCR cycling (5 cycles after 15 cycles) can significantly reduce the formation of chimeric DNA in the final PCR products. Phylogenetic analysis of 81 groups with distinct RFLP patterns that were obtained using the modified PCR method revealed that the clones were affiliated with at least 11 phyla or classes of the domain Bacteria. However, the analyses of 327 colonies, which were grouped into just 41 distinct types by RFLP analysis, showed that they could be classified into five major bacterial lineages: ${\alpha},\;{\beta},\;{\gamma}-$ Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and the phylum Bacteroidetes, which indicated that the microbial community yielded from the cultivation-based method was still much simpler than that yielded from the PCR-based molecular method. In this study, the discrepancy observed between the communities obtained from PCR-based and cultivation-based methods seems to result from low culturabilities of bacteria or PCR bias even though modified culture and PCR methods were used. Therefore, continuous development of PCR protocol and cultivation techniques is needed to reduce this discrepancy.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.218-222
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• 2003

This study was carried out to find optimum condition through sterilization methods for cultivation of Neutaribeosut (Oyster mushroom). 1. Yield of additive culture of pine sawdust, cotton and rice hulls at bag­cultivation of Neutaribeosut. was similiar to additive culture of pine sawdust, cotton and pulpe as conventional methods. 2. Yield of Neutaribeosut at low temp. sterilization method as 50 to 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 7days treatment was higher about 18 to 19％ than that of high temp. as 121$^{\circ}C$ and 90 minutes treatment. 3. In case of farmer­cost, low than high temperature sterilization method appeared lowly about 12％. So this method will be of advantage to farmers in both yield and farmer­cost.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2022

This study was carried out to investigate planting density suitable for technology that can produce a lot of small seed potatoes to machine sowing, the test material was made of less than 3 g of seed potatoes, and planting density was 75×10, 75×15, 75×20cm. the results of the test study were as follows, number of potatoes per 10a and number of potatoes under 50 g were the most 75×10cm in 2sowing methods. In view of these results, planting density suitable for technology that can produce a lot of small seed potatoes to machine sowing is judged 75×10cm in 2sowing methods. In order for this study to be applied in the agricultural field, cultivation management such as adequate water supply will be required.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2023

The Gymnocalycium mihanovichii has been an important export item of Korean flower industry for a long time. Although there is a high demand for grafted cactus from overseas, its production for export is limited. In this study, the growth and marketable yield characteristics of Gymnocalycium mihanovichii 'I-Hong' were compared between soil culture and ebb-and-flow hydroponic system with single- or double-tier bench. As a result, hydroponic methods with single-tier bench resulted in higher fresh weight and glove diameter compared to other cultivation methods. In the ebb-and-flow hydroponic system, hydroponic system with double-tier bench of grafted cactus traits has a lower growth rate than other cultivations. However, the hydroponic system with double-tier bench of grafted cactus significantly increased the yield. In conclusion, the yield from hydroponic system with double-tier bench was better than soil cultivation method. Although there were some differences in color depending on the cultivation method, it was considered that there was no difference in appearance of Gymnocalycium mihanovichii 'I-Hong'. Our results suggest the cultivation methods to overcome production constraints, expand their exports, and improve the value-added characteristics of grafted cactus.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.123-128
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• 2001

This study was carried out to determine the effects of sowing methods after herbicide application on botanical composition, forage yield and chemical contents in the pasture dominated Hypochoeris radicata in Jeju area over two years. It was arranged as a randomized block design with five treatrnents(contro1: none, TI : herbicide application, T2 : herbicide application + oversowing, T3 : herbicide application + overdrilling, T4 : herbicide application + cultivation). In the pasture dominated Hypochoeris radicata, the herbicide (dicamba) treatments improved grass rate with orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass by 97%. The DM yield per ha were much higher(p<0.05) in T2(7,152kg), T3(7,608kg) and T4(8,010kg) than that of control. The chemical compositions of grass (% of DM basis) were not different among treatments, but the overdrilling and cultivation treatments tended to increase the forage crude protein(CP). These results indicate that oversowing or overdrilling after herbicide application can efficiently improve botanical compositions and forage productivity in the pasture dominated Hypochoeris radicata. (Key words : Herbicide, Sowing methods, Botanical composition, Forage production)

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.30
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• pp.227-257
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• 2010

This paper intends to articulate concretely the contents and methods of Confucius self-cultivation and their practical characteristics through the analysis of S?nsan Wang Fuzhi (船山 王夫之, 1619~1692)'s On Reading Four Classics - Chungyong 讀四書大全說-中庸. The essence of the practical philosophy that penetrates Chungyong (中庸: The Doctrine of the Mean) is the practice of self-cultivation through Chonyang (存養: Preserving one's self) and $S{\breve{o}}ngchal$ (省察: Self-reflection). It can come down to two cultivation practices: 1) careful and discrete thinking without seeing or listening (Kyesingonggu: 戒愼恐懼), 2) solely looking into what is hidden and covert (Sindok: 愼獨). $S{\breve{o}}nsan$ grasped the importance of the two concepts for practical philosophy and articulated the principles of practical self-cultivation of Chungyong by paying attention to the differences and mutual-relations of the two concepts. Especially, he put the emphasis on the study through Chonyang and then focused on the relations between Chonyang and $S{\breve{o}}ngchal$. He consistently argued that the Kyesingonggu's Chonyang study was what enabled the Sindok's $S{\breve{o}}ngchal$ study and clarified the meanings of Chonyang in self-cultivation. Furthermore, he established the self-cultivation study of Chungyong as the primary self-cultivation theory of Confucianism by maximizing the practical characteristics within $Chonyangs{\breve{o}}ngchal$.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.385-397
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• 2006

This study was conducted to establish the environment-friendly cropping system of soybean in paddy field with different soil textures. When the soybean was cultivated in paddy fields, growth responses of testing cultivars varied depending on soil texture and cultivation method. Growth responses of soybean in sandy loam tended to be better than those in clay, however the effect of high ridged cultivation was distinguished in clay loam. Especially, formation of rhizome nodule was significantly different depending on soils ; more numerous rhizome nodules were formed in sandy loam compared to that in clay. Plant heights of Taekwangkong and Eunhakong were highest in clay and sandy loam, respectively, while the number of pods and branches of Eunhakong were most in both soils. In clay paddy field, growth responses of Eunhakong were best among the testing cultivars, however high ridged cultivation was more appropriate to the cultivar compared to level row cultivation regardless of soils. Taekwangkong showed the highest leaf area indexes during whole growth stages. Leaf development of Daewonkong was suppressed in clay at early growth stage, while it significantly increased as growth stages progressed. Most retard leaf development was observed in early maturity cultivar, Hwaseongputkong, since it seemed to be seriously damaged by excess-moisture injury in both soils. Comparing the dry weight of top plants and roots, plant growth was more affected by soil texture than cultivation methods at early vegetative growth stage, via verses at R2 or R5 stages. In yield characters and yields at R8 maturity stage, pods number of Eunhakong was significantly higher than those of Daewonkong and Taekwangkong estimating to 107 and 124 in clay and sandy loam, respectively. The ratio of ripened seeds was highest in sandy loam in combination with high ridged cultivation, while the lowest in clay with level row. The yields of Deawonkong and Eunhakong were higher compared to other testing cultivars ranged from $l82{\sim}286kg/ha$ depending on soils and cultivation methods. In results, growth responses and yields of testing cultivars tended to be higher in sandy loam in combination with high ridge compared to clay with level row.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.8-8
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• 2002