• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2022

The limit of crop cultivation is moving northward due to the temperature rise by climate change. There is a problem with crop growth if early sowing is performed at a time when the temperature is low. It is difficult to secure crop productivity and cultivation stability due to the low temperature and short cultivation period. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the change in growth characteristics and yield of corn for grain when early sowing is performed in central region of South Korea. This experiment was conducted at experimental field of Suwon in 2021. Three varieties of corn for grain such as Kwangpyeongok, Sinhwangok, and Hwangdaok were sown at intervals of 5 days from 20 March to 15 April. The planting density at this time was sown with a row interval of 70 cm and a plant interval of 25 cm. Nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium fertilizers were applied at 17.4 kg, 3.0 kg, and 6.9 kg per 10a, respectively. Phosphoric acid and potassium fertilizers were all applied before sowing and nitrogen fertilizer was applied 50% before sowing and 50% in the fifth leaf period. The corn growth characteristics and yield components were investigated. The seedling establishment rate by sowing date was in the range of 68.5~88.5%, and it showed a difference depending on the variety. The range of days from sowing to tassel and silk emergence by sowing date was 79.9~98.4 and 81.0~98.9 days, respectively. As the sowing date was delayed, the days from sowing to tassel and silk emergence decreased. The growth characteristics and yield of corn by sowing date are as follows. Plant height was the highest at 241.3 cm at the sowing on 25 March, and Stalk diameter was the thickest at 25.6 mm at the sowing on 31 March. The fresh weight per plant was the highest at 728 g at the sowing on 25 March, and the dry weight per plant was the highest at 185 g at the sowing on 31 March. Corn growth characteristics did not show a certain trend depending on the sowing date, and corn growth was more vigorous at the sowing on March 25 and 31 than the others. In the case of ear weight, it was the heaviest with 344 g at the sowing on 25 March, and filled ear length ratio showed a tendency to decrease as the sowing time was delayed. The weight of 100 grains and grain yield per 10a of maize were the highest at 36.0g and 878.7kg/10a, respectively at the sowing on 25 March. Although the growth and yield of corn for grain were good during early sowing in the central region of South Korea, it is necessary to investigate the limit temperature for early sowing of corn by examining the annual variation according to weather conditions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.392-400
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• 2024

This study was conducted to find the flowering and growth characteristics according to the different altitudes (plains and mid-mountain regions) and cultivation methods (field and plastic houses cultivation) of Elsholtzia splendens. Experimental regions located at 12 meters and 500 meters above sea level were selected for the plains and the mid-mountain, respectively, and the same method was applied for cultivation management by different altitudes and cultivation methods. In the mid-mountain region, flower bud emergence (2-3 days), flowering (9 days), and full bloom (6-7 days) stages of Elsholtzia splendens were earlier than in the plains, and field cultivation was earlier than plastic house cultivation. The plant height, the main stem diameter, and the number of branches tended to increase gradually after an initial rapid growth at 59 to 69 days after planting date. The days of duration of sunshine (less than 8 hours) from the rainy season (June 20) to the period when vegetative growth increases gradually (59 to 69 days after planting) was 22 to 29 days and 26 to 35 days in the plains and the mid-mountain regions respectively, and this period was estimated time of transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The spikes growth of Elsholtzia splendens by cultivation altitudes was higher in the mid-mountain region than in the plains, and there were no statistically significant differences in growth characteristics except for the main stem diameter, the number of branches, and the dry matter. Also, the amount of flowering and growth was higher in the plastic house cultivation compared to the field cultivation. As a result, some differences in flowering amount were observed when cultivating Elsholtzia splendens for landscaping purposes, but it was considered possible to cultivate in both plains and mid-mountain regions. This study therefore provides ecological information for understanding the relationship between weather characteristics and growth of Elsholtzia splendens.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

To obtain basic data on the effects of differences cultivation periods and methods on growth and development of sweet potato tuber. We investigated growth and development of six major cultivars showing different characteristics, such as dry type(Yulmi, YM; Jinhongmi, JHM), intermediate type(Pungwonmi, PWM; Hogammi, HGM), and purple type(Sinjami, SJM; Danjami, DJM). The average tuber weight of YM and JHM was 4.1 and 8.6 g respectively, 50 days after transplant. At 80 days, the weight of YM and JHM rapidly increased to 25.2 and 26.1 g, respectively. Finally, at 120 days, the weight of YM and JHM increased to 120.7 and 79.4 g, respectively. The average tuber weight of PWM and HGM was 13 and 3.3 g, respectively, 50 days after transplant. The development pattern of PWM showed a consistent increase in tuber weight during the cultivation period, an average weight of 104.2 g at 120 days. However, the tuber development pattern of HGM was different from that of PWM. The average tuber weight of HGM rapidly increased for 100 days after transplant and then showed no increase at 120 days. In case of purple type sweet potato, the average tuber weight of SJM consistently increased during the cultivation period, whereas DJM showed rapid increase in average tuber weight at 80 days after transplant. Korean consumers prefer small, round sweet potato approximately 100g in weight. Based on the results, YM, PWM and SJM are classified as early developing cultivars that can be harvested approximately 120 days after transplant. On the other hand, JHM, HGM, and DJM are classified as late developing cultivars that can be harvested approximately 130 days after transplant.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 1990

Growth properties of carrot hairy roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes were compared in flask and bioreactor. Oxygen transfer coefficient KLa was measured during the cultivation in bioreactor. In flask cultures, initially sucrose 30g/l was nearly exhausted after 20days. pH was dropped from initially 5.8 to 4.79 after 4 days, but it is stable after that time. Finally, after 28 days, hairy roots were grown about twelve times. In view of the results studied optimum conditions, hairy roots were maintained high growth rates in sucrose 50g/l, pH 5.8, total nitrogen 60mM. Also in bioreactor cultures, fixed stainless sieve in bottom and aerated 0.31 vvm, the results of cultivation by the use of sucrose 50g/l had grown about twenty-eight times and pH variations were liked in flask. As a results, growth rate of 1.756g fresh weight/day/g inoculum in bioreactor were higher about three times than 0.57g fresh weight/day/g inoculum in flask culture. KLa values were showed a tendency to decrease from 0.209 min-1 to 0.068 min-1.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.364-368
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• 1998

The optimum conditions of the production of exo-polymer by Ganoderma lucidum WK-003 and it's hepatoprotective effect was studied. Optimum conditions for the production of exo-polymer (3.18 g/$\ell$) by using shaken flask culture of G. lucidum WK-003 were pH 4.5, 30$^{\circ}C$, 120 rpm for 18 days cultivation. Also exo-polymer productio (7.15 g/$\ell$) was optimized by 5$\ell$ jar fermenter cultivation with condition of pH 4.5, 30$^{\circ}C$, 200 rpm, 1.0 vvm for 6 days cultivation. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activities in serum of intoxicated Sprague-Dawley rat were decreased from 704 IU/L to 330 IU/L by oral administration of the exo-polymer (20mg/kg$.$day)f or 4 consecutive days.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.5-7
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• 2010

Auricularia auricula-judae is an edible mushroom, which is known as wood ear, free ear, black ear mushroom, and free jelly fish. Present experiments were conducted to determine the possibility of artificial cultivation with oak sawdust of A. auricula-judae. The duration of mycelial growth and days of pinhead formation on oak sawdust bag (1.4 kg) were 29~32 days and 13~17 days, respectively. The yield of fresh fruit-body was 275~350 g.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2019

Currently, plastic bags are being used for sawdust cultivation of shiitake mushroom. However, due to serious environmental problems caused by the use of plastic bags, we studied the efficacy of bottle cultivation method to replace the sawdust bag method. Small detachable plastic bottles (400 g capacity) filled with Quercus spp. sawdust and wheat bran (4:1 w/w) media were incubated for 80 and 120 days. The weight loss (%) of the media was higher for the NIFoS 2464 strain at an approximate light intensity of 300 Lux than light intensity of 500 Lux; the light intensity was associated with the loss of sawdust medium-weight during the cultivation period. The highest yield was observed when the strain was cultivated for 80 days under dark conditions, 40 days under 500 Lux light, and air circulation fan speed of 30 rpm. When incubated for 120 days, mushroom yield in the bottle media was higher at 40 days of light exposure than 20 days of light exposure. In the bottle media incubated for 80 days under dark conditions, the mushrooms fruited due to repetitive water spraying on the top of the media and light stimulation during the fruiting period. The media could be separated from the bottles because the media shrank after the first harvest. These separated plastic bottles could be re-used for mushroom cultivation, thereby reducing the amount of plastic waste.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.421-426
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• 2008

Three year-old peony (Paeonia. lactiflora Pall. cv. Taebaek) was cultivated in green-house at Jan. 15, Feb. 15, or Mar. 15, respectively. The mean of temperature during the forcing cultivation was higher (air; $1.0{\sim}11.1^{\circ}C$, soil; $1.1{\sim}7.4^{\circ}C$) than that of open-field condition. From sprouting to flowering in peony cultivated at Jan. 15 was about 54 days, which is shorted the cut flower periods (ca. 26 days) compared with the open-field cultivation. However, earlier forcing cultivars were very susceptible to pathogens such as powdery mildew or gray mold. The yield in green house was also lower than in the open-field cultivation. The content of bioactive compounds such as paeoniflorin and albiflorin in green-house cultivars was similar that of open-field cultivars. These results showed the forcing cultivation time of peony at Feb. 15 in green-house was most desirable for commercialization.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.336-342
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• 2003

The effects of cultivation methods (cultivation of curled-shaped type, M-1; conventional cultivation, M-2; growing after treatment with a growth regulator, M-3; cultivation by the combination of M-1 and treatment with oak charcoal, M-4) on the quality characteristics of soybean sprouts were studied by the measurement of growth characteristics. This study also investigated the changes in shelf-life stability of the new soybean sprouts (NSB) using M-4, which was cultivated with oak charcoal and treated with antimicrobial Citrus sunki seed extract. Among the soybean sprouts grown for six days at the high temperature and humidity environment (90$\pm$5% RH, 25$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$), M-1 revealed no significant difference in terms of quality, such as the harvest yield, the rot rate and the growth characteristics when compared with M-2. M-3 showed no significant difference in growth characteristics, of hardness, and sensory evaluation scores when compared with the soybean sprouts grown by conventional methods. NSB had a low number of total microorganisms and had a better appearance after five days of storage than did the control group (M-2). These findings demonstrate that chemical-free and clean soybean sprouts can be grown by combining oak charcoal and antimicrobial Citrus sunki seed extract, thereby meeting the consumer demand for safe, chemical free sprouts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.147-155
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• 2024

This study analyzed the changes in the nutritional components, properties, physicochemical properties, general bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria of pickled cabbage depending on the cultivation area. An analysis of the nutritional composition on the first day of storage showed no significant difference in the calories, carbohydrates, protein, fat, and dietary fiber contents regardless of the cultivation region, but regional differences were observed in the vitamin C content in the order of Andong > Pyeongchang > Haenam. The total free amino acid content appeared in the order Andong > Pyeongchang > Haenam, and the GABA (γ-amino-n-butyric acid) content appeared in the order Haenam > Andong > Pyeongchang. In addition, pickled cabbage was observed on the 1^st, 5^th, and 10^th days of storage at 4℃. No significant change in appearance was observed on the 1^st and 5^th days, but changes were observed on the 10^th day. Regardless of the cultivation area, the salinity (p<0.05) and pH (p<0.05) decreased significantly as the storage period increased, while the sugar content (p<0.05) and acidity (p<0.05) increased significantly. The general bacteria (p<0.05) and lactic acid bacteria (p<0.05) counts increased significantly as the storage period increased, irrespective of the cultivation region.